Aksenov Vasily download books FB2 TXT HTML for free without registration and read online. Aksenov Vasily download books FB2 TXT HTML for free without registration and read online Aksenov medical error

Vasily Pavlovich Aksenov (August 20, 1932, Kazan - July 6, 2009, Moscow) - Soviet and Russian writer.

Vasily Aksenov was born on August 20, 1932 in Kazan, in the family of party workers, Evgenia Solomonovna Ginzburg (1904-1977) and Pavel Vasilyevich Aksenov (1899-1991). Was the third youngest child in the family (and the only common child of the parents). Father, Pavel Vasilyevich, was the chairman of the Kazan City Council and a member of the bureau of the Tatar regional committee of the CPSU. Mother, Evgenia Solomonovna, worked as a teacher at the Kazan Pedagogical Institute, then as head of the cultural department of the newspaper “Red Tataria”, and was a member of the CPSU. Subsequently, having gone through the horror of Stalin’s camps, during the time of the exposure of the cult of personality, Evgenia Ginzburg became the author of the book of memoirs “Steep Route” - one of the first book-memoirs about the era of Stalinist repressions and camps, which told about the eighteen years the author spent in prison, the Kolyma camps and link.

In 1937, when Vasily Aksenov was not yet five years old, both parents (first his mother, and then soon his father) were arrested and sentenced to 10 years in prison and camps. The older children - sister Maya (daughter of P.V. Aksenov) and Alyosha (son of E.S. Ginzburg from her first marriage) were taken in by relatives. Vasya was forcibly sent to orphanage for the children of prisoners (his grandmothers were not allowed to keep the child with them). In 1938, P. Aksenov’s brother, Andreyan Vasilyevich Aksenov, managed to find little Vasya in an orphanage in Kostroma and take him in with him. Vasya lived in the house of Motya Aksenova (his paternal relative) until 1948, until his mother Evgenia Ginzburg, having left the camp in 1947 and living in exile in Magadan, obtained permission for Vasya to come to her in Kolyma. Evgenia Ginzburg will describe her meeting with Vasya in “Steep Route”.

Many years later, in 1975, Vasily Aksenov described his Magadan youth in the autobiographical novel “Burn.”

In 1956, Aksenov graduated from the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute and was assigned to the Baltic Shipping Company, where he was supposed to work as a doctor on long-distance vessels. Despite the fact that his parents had already been rehabilitated, he was never given access. It was later mentioned that Aksyonov worked as a quarantine doctor in the Far North, in Karelia, in the Leningrad sea trading port and in a tuberculosis hospital in Moscow (according to other sources, he was a consultant at the Moscow Research Institute of Tuberculosis).

Since 1960, Vasily Aksenov has been a professional writer.

On July 22, 1980, he left at the invitation for the United States, after which in 1981 he was deprived of Soviet citizenship. Until 2004 he lived in the USA.

Since 1981, Vasily Aksyonov has been a professor of Russian literature at various US universities: the Kennan Institute (1981-1982), George Washington University (1982-1983), Goucher College (1983-1988), George Mason University (1988-2009).

In 1980-1991, as a journalist, he actively collaborated with the Voice of America and Radio Liberty. Collaborated with the magazine "Continent" and the almanac "Verb". Aksyonov’s radio essays were published in the author’s collection “A Decade of Slander” (2004).

For the first time, after nine years of emigration, Aksyonov visited the USSR in 1989 at the invitation of the American Ambassador J. Matlock. In 1990, Aksenov was returned to Soviet citizenship.

On July 6, 2009, after a long illness, Vasily Pavlovich Aksenov died in Moscow, at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute.

Born on August 20, 1932 in Kazan into a family of party workers. Father - Aksenov Pavel Vasilievich (born 1899). Mother - Ginzburg Evgenia Semyonovna (born 1904), author of widely known memoirs about Stalin’s camps, including the book “Steep Route”. Wife - Aksenova Maya Afanasyevna (born 1930). Son - Aksenov Alexey Vasilievich (born 1960).
At the end of the 1930s, V. Aksenov’s parents were repressed. According to the writer, the light opened for him in Magadan, where at the age of 16 he came to his mother, who was serving exile. A seven-day flight across the entire continent is an endless journey across endless expanses (on the road during the day, landing at night major cities: in Sverdlovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Okhotsk...) - made an indelible impression on him: geography, which was studied at school using textbooks and maps, was now revealed to him in reality... Magadan, paradoxically, struck him with its freedom: in the barracks Mom had a “salon” in the evenings. In the company of “former camp intellectuals” they talked about things that Vasily had never even suspected before. The future writer was shocked by the breadth of the problems discussed and the discussions about the fate of humanity. And the proximity to Alaska and the Pacific Ocean opened up the horizons outside the window...
The first profession that Vasily Pavlovich mastered was the profession of a doctor. After graduating from the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute, Vasily Aksenov worked as a therapist at the quarantine station of the Leningrad seaport (1956-1957). He will describe this period of life - in anticipation of meeting with distant countries, dreams of travel - later in the novel "Colleagues". Then Vasily Aksenov worked at the Vodzdravtdel hospital in the village of Ascension on Lake Onega (1957-1958) and at the Moscow Regional Tuberculosis Dispensary (1958-1960).

Vasily Aksenov made his debut as a writer in 1959. His first novel, “Colleagues” (1960), immediately brought him wide fame, was subsequently republished many times and was embodied on stage and screen. The subsequent novel “Star Ticket” (1961) so obviously consolidated the success of the young prose writer that he decided to engage in literary work professionally. These and subsequent novels - “Oranges from Morocco” (1962) and “It’s time, my friend, it’s time” (1964) strengthened V. Aksenov’s fame as one of the leaders of “young prose”, which declared itself at the turn of the 1950s-1960s .
V. Aksenov began his path in art with the depiction of young people who were skeptical of the then Soviet reality with their characteristic nihilism, spontaneous sense of freedom, interest in Western music and literature - with everything that opposed the accepted spiritual guidelines. The confessional nature of V. Aksenov’s prose, the writer’s sympathetic attention to the inner world, psychology and even the slang of the younger generation could not have been more consistent with the spiritual life of society. At this time, V. Aksenov became one of the most actively published and read authors of the Yunost magazine, being a member of its editorial board for several years.
By the mid-1960s, the philosophical richness of V. Aksenov’s prose intensified, reflecting on the reasons for the failure of the “thaw”, pinning his best hopes on it. The writer’s works, their focus on the problems of the “Thaw” period and, above all, the eternal conflict of generations, which took on particularly sharp forms in the conditions of the process of denial of the totalitarian past characteristic of that time, caused heated controversy in criticism and attacks from censorship. Among the works published in the USSR from this period of the writer’s work are the collections of stories “Catapult” (1966) and “Halfway to the Moon” (1967), the novels “The Steel Bird” (1968), “Love of Electricity” (1969), “My Grandfather” - a monument" (1970), "A chest in which something is knocking" (1973), "In search of a genre" (1977).
V. Aksenov’s appeal to the individual contributed to the restructuring of the writer’s individual creative style, now combining the real and the unreal, the ordinary and the sublime within one work. Different plans are intertwined especially skillfully in V. Aksenov’s novel “The Burn” (1976), which was then banned by censorship. In it, the author managed to fully depict the life of the Russian intelligentsia at the turn of the 1960-1970s. The heroes of the novel, each of whom is obsessed with his own creative idea, are in a state of tragic discord with the existing system in their country: the desire to hide from it turns out to be futile. The appearance and behavior of the novel's heroes are determined by their opposition to the crowd generated by this system, to which everything lofty and bright is alien. The writer sees a way out for them in striving for God, in spiritual insight.
The appearance of the story “Overstocked Barrels” in 1968 indicates a change in the direction of the writer’s aesthetic searches, now moving, in his own words, toward “total satire.” Here the amazing absurdity of the world in which the characters of the story live, which V. Aksenov called a “surreal thing”, is revealed.
The change in V. Aksenov’s creative position testified not only to the actual artistic search of the writer, who now abandoned the principle of verisimilitude in his works, preferring to him the depiction of the “illusion of reality”; these changes themselves were caused by his growing conviction that “reality is so absurd that, using the method of absurdization and surrealism, the writer does not introduce absurdity into his literature, but, on the contrary, by this method he seems to be trying to harmonize the falling apart reality... ".
Since that time, criticism of V. Aksenov and his works has become increasingly harsh. Even the form to which the writer now turned, which was perceived as non-Soviet and non-folk, caused attacks: this was how, in particular, V. Aksenov’s play “Always on Sale” staged at the Sovremennik Theater was assessed, indicating the transition of its author to avant-garde positions in art . V. Aksenov's situation became even more complicated when, in 1977-1978, his works began to appear abroad (primarily in the USA). Then, in 1979, V. Aksenov, together with A. Bitov, Vik. Erofeev, F. Iskander, E. Popov, B. Akhmadulina was the compiler and author of the Metropol almanac, which united writers who dissociated themselves from socialist realism. Never published in the Soviet censored press, the almanac was published in the USA. In the USSR, he was immediately criticized by the authorities, who saw in him an attempt to take literature out of the control of state ideology. In 1979, V. Aksenov was expelled from the Union of Writers and the Union of Cinematographers of the USSR. On July 22, 1980, he left for the United States and was soon deprived of Soviet citizenship.
The novels “Our Golden Iron” (1973, 1980), “Burn” (1976, 1980), “Island of Crimea” (1979, 1981), written by V. Aksenov in Russia, but published for the first time only after the writer’s arrival in America, are published in Washington. collection of short stories "Right to the Island" (1981). New novels by V. Aksenov are published in the USA: “Paper Landscape” (1982), “Say the Raisins” (1985), “In Search of the Sad Baby” (1986), the “Moscow Saga” trilogy (1989, 1991, 1993), a collection of short stories “ Negative of a positive hero" (1995), "New sweet style" (1997), "Caesarean glow" (2000). The works he wrote in exile (and most of all, “The Moscow Saga”) convince us that the life of his native country and what is happening in it continues to remain the focus of the writer’s attention.
After V. Aksenov returned his citizenship in 1990, he often comes to Russia, where his works begin to be published again (including in the magazine "Yunost") (in addition to those already mentioned - "My Grandfather is a Monument", 1991; "Rendezvous", 1992 ), a collection of his works is published. In 1993-1994, his “Moscow Saga” was published in Russia, based on which director D. Barshchevsky is currently making a multi-part feature film (the artist of this film is A. Aksenov, the writer’s son). In June 1993, the first Aksenov readings took place in Samara.
In addition to the works already mentioned, V. Aksenov is the author of the story “Non-stop around the clock”, the stories “Surprises”, “Change of lifestyle”, “Breakfasts of the forty-third year”, “Dad, fold”, “Palmer’s second break”, “ Gikki and Baby Cassandra", "A Story about a Basketball Team Playing Basketball", "For Basketball Lovers", "Victory", "Simple in the World of Jazz", "A Million Separations", "Romantic Kitousov, Academician Velikiy-Salazkin and the Mysterious Margarita" , “Out of Season”, etc. The novel “Yolk of the Egg” was written by V. Aksenov in English.
V. Aksenov is the author of a number of works for drama theater(plays "Always on Sale", 1965; "Your Killer", 1966; "Four Temperaments", 1968; "Aristophaniana with Frogs", 1968; "Heron", 1980; "Woe, Woe, Burn", 1998; "Aurora Gorenina", 1999; "Ah, Arthur Schopenhauer", 2000) and film scripts (films "When the Bridges Are Drawed", 1961; "My Little Brother", 1962; "The Marble House", 1973; "Central", 1976; "While He's Mad dream", 1980).
In the USA, V. Aksenov was awarded the honorary title of Doctor of Humane Letters. He is a member of the Pen Club and the American Authors League. Since 1981, V. Aksenov has been a professor of Russian literature at various US universities: the Kennan Institute (1981-1982), John Washington University (1982-1983), Goucher University (1983-1988), George Mason University (from 1988 onwards). present time). In 1980-1988, V. Aksenov actively collaborated with the Voice of America radio station as a journalist. Author of numerous journal articles and reviews in English.
V. Aksenov is interested in history, especially the 18th century, history sailing fleet. Since his student days he has been interested in jazz. Among his sports interests are jogging and basketball.
Lives and works in Washington (USA).