Introduction........................................................ ........................................................ ...............3
1. Composition of the defense industry complex of the Russian Federation.................................................... ........................................................ ...5
2. Legislative basis.................................................... ....................................6
3. Federal executive authorities in the management of the military-industrial complex.................................................... ........................................16
3.1. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation................................................... ...........................17
3.2. Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation...................................19
3.2.1.Department of the military-industrial complex....................................19
3.2.2. Federal Agency for Industry...................................................22
3.3. Federal Space Agency........................................................ ..........24
3.4. Federal Atomic Energy Agency................................................................. 25
3.5. Federal Agency for the Supply of Military, Special Equipment and Materials.................................................... ........................................................ 28
3.6. Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.................................29
4. Expert Council on the problems of legislative support for the development of the military-industrial complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council................................................... ........................................................ ...........................39
Conclusion................................................. ........................................................ .......44
Introduction.
One of essential means provision national security are its armed forces and the military-industrial complex as a whole. National security - one of the main needs of the state and society - today is becoming extremely important for the successful implementation of its political, socio-economic and spiritual-ideological tasks. This implies the need for constant attention on the part of the state to the problems of the development of the military-industrial complex (DIC), the development and production of weapons and military equipment, the necessary level of scientific, technical and military-technical potential that ensures Russia the role of a great power in the world. The need for such an understanding and real actions by the country's political leadership is also due to the actions of Western countries, and primarily the United States, seeking to change the balance of armed forces in their favor, both in the West and on the southern borders of Russia.
The state is obliged to develop the main directions and prospects for the development of the military-industrial complex. It is intended to determine the directions of the state defense-industrial policy, the required level of the country’s military-technical potential, taking into account the emerging international situation.
At the same time, it is important to take into account the historical experience of creating and developing the defense industry, accumulated in the USSR and over the last 15 years of the existence of the Russian state. Without taking into account the positive and negative aspects of this experience, it is impossible to determine the development strategy of the defense-industrial complex. This largely determines the relevance of the chosen research topic and the need to analyze the problems of the defense industry in public policy modern Russia. At the same time, it is important to take into account the accumulated foreign experience in this area. Another relevant factor, along with those mentioned above, is a significant increase in the importance in armed struggle and confrontation between states of information policy, the introduction and use of a wide range of means of information warfare, both open and hidden, not obvious technologies. As a result, today the criteria for protecting states from military threats are not fully consistent modern methods, methods and forms of military confrontation. This, in turn, forces the political leadership of the world's leading states to intensify efforts to improve and develop their defense-industrial complexes and solve their socio-economic and political problems. It should also be noted that a feature of the functioning of the military-industrial complex is the desire of a number of international terrorist organizations to use its advanced technologies, especially means of mass destruction, for their own criminal purposes. After September 11, 2001, the tragic events with hostage takings (in Moscow in October 2002, in Beslan in September 2004), it became finally clear that the “ cold war“A war of a completely different nature has come - the war against international terrorism. Therefore the application military force acts as one of the ways to counter such evil as the global spread of terrorist and extremist movements and groups.
All these objective factors necessitate the constant attention of the state to the problems of the defense industry, and the scientific community to the analysis of current problems of political and social economic development Russian military-industrial complex, searching for ways to increase its efficiency.
The object of the study is the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation as an important tool for ensuring the national security of the state.
Subject of research - system public administration Russian military-industrial complex.
1. Composition of the defense industry complex of the Russian Federation.
Today, the military-industrial complex (hereinafter - MIC) of Russia is a multifunctional research and production industry, capable of developing and producing modern views and types of weapons, military and special equipment (hereinafter referred to as military equipment), as well as produce a variety of high-tech civilian products. It is based on strategic enterprises and strategic joint-stock companies. The list of these enterprises and societies was approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 4, 2004 No. 1009 (as amended on November 19, 2007). This list contains more than 1000 items, including:
· federal state unitary enterprises engaged in the production of products (works, services) that have strategic importance to ensure the defense capability and security of the state, to protect morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation;
· open joint-stock companies, the shares of which are federally owned and the participation of the Russian Federation in the management of which ensures strategic interests, the defense capability and security of the state, the protection of morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation.
The defense industry consists of several industries:
1. Aviation industry.
2. Rocket and space industry.
3. Ammunition and special chemicals industry.
4. Weapons industry.
5. Radio industry.
6. Communications industry.
7. Electronics industry.
8. Shipbuilding industry.
9. Intersectoral structures and enterprises.
2. Legislative framework.
The main law regulating the basis of the existence and functioning of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is the Federal Law of May 31, 1996 N 61-FZ “On Defense”.
This Federal Law defines the foundations and organization of the defense of the Russian Federation, the powers of the bodies state power of the Russian Federation, functions of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, organizations and their officials, the rights and obligations of citizens of the Russian Federation in the field of defense, forces and means involved in defense, liability for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of defense, as well as other norms relating to defense.
Defense means a system of political, economic, military, social, legal and other measures to prepare for armed defense and armed defense of the Russian Federation, the integrity and inviolability of its territory.
Defense is organized and carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, this Federal Law, the laws of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts.
For defense purposes, military duty of citizens of the Russian Federation and military transport duty of federal executive authorities, bodies local government and organizations, regardless of their form of ownership, as well as vehicle owners.
For defense purposes, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are created. Internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and civil defense troops (hereinafter referred to as other troops) are involved in the defense.
To carry out certain tasks in the field of defense, engineering, technical and road construction military formations under federal executive authorities (hereinafter referred to as military formations), the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, federal security service agencies, the federal agency for special communications and information, and federal government agencies are involved. security, federal security agency mobilization training bodies of state power of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as bodies), as well as special formations created for wartime.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies carry out tasks in the field of defense in accordance with the Plan of Use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The creation and existence of formations that have a military organization or weapons and military equipment, or which provide for the passage of military service, not provided for by federal laws, are prohibited and prosecuted by law.
Lands, forests, waters and other natural resources provided to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies are federal property.
Lands, forests, waters and other natural resources owned by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, and private property may be withdrawn for the needs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies only in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The property of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies is federal property and is under their rights of economic management or operational management.
Defense organization includes:
1) forecasting and assessment of military danger and military threat;
2) development of the main directions of military policy and provisions of the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;
3) legal regulation in the field of defense;
4) construction, training and maintenance of the necessary readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as planning their use;
5) development, production and improvement of control systems for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, weapons and military equipment, the creation of their reserves, as well as planning the use of the radio frequency spectrum;
6) planning the transfer of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and the country’s economy to work in wartime conditions;
7) mobilization training of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, transport, communications and population of the country;
8) creation of reserves of material assets of the state and mobilization reserves;
9) planning and implementation of measures for civil and territorial defense;
10) operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation for defense purposes;
11) ensuring the protection of information constituting state secrets in the field of defense;
12) development of science in the interests of defense;
13) coordination of the activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies in the field of defense;
14) financing of defense expenditures, as well as control over the expenditure of funds allocated for defense and the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
15) international cooperation for the purposes of collective security and common defense;
16) other activities in the field of defense.
This law defines the powers of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of defense:
1. The President of the Russian Federation is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
2. President of the Russian Federation:
1) determines the main directions of the military policy of the Russian Federation;
2) approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;
3) exercises leadership over the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
4) in cases of aggression or an immediate threat of aggression against the Russian Federation, the outbreak of armed conflicts directed against the Russian Federation, declares general or partial mobilization, introduces martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation or in certain localities with immediate notification of this to the Federation Council and the State Duma , gives an order to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the conduct of military operations;
5) exercises powers in the field of ensuring the martial law regime in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal constitutional law;
6) makes, in accordance with federal laws, a decision on the involvement of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies in carrying out tasks using weapons other than their intended purpose;
7) approves concepts and plans for the construction and development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, the Plan for the use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Mobilization Plan of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as plans for transfer (mobilization plans) to work in wartime conditions government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and the country's economy, plans for creating reserves of material assets of the state and mobilization reserves and the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation for defense purposes;
8) approves federal state programs for armament and development of the defense industrial complex;
9) approves programs of nuclear and other special tests and authorizes the conduct of these tests;
10) approves a unified list of military positions to be filled by senior officers in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, and the total number of military positions to be filled by colonels (captains of the 1st rank) in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, assigns the highest military ranks, appoints military personnel to military positions for which the state provides for the military ranks of senior officers, releases them from military positions and dismisses them from military service in the manner prescribed by federal law;
11) approves the structure, composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations up to and including mergers and bodies, the staffing level of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as the staffing number of civilian personnel of bodies;
12) makes decisions on the deployment and redeployment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations from the formation and above;
13) approves general military regulations, provisions on the Battle Banner of a military unit, the Naval Flag of the Russian Federation, the procedure for military service, military councils, military commissariats, military transport duties;
14) approves regulations on the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and federal executive authorities (bodies) authorized in the field of command and control of other troops, military formations and bodies, determines issues of coordination of the activities of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of defense;
15) approves the Regulations on Territorial Defense and the Civil Defense Plan;
16) approves plans for the placement on the territory of the Russian Federation of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste;
17) negotiates and signs international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of defense, including treaties on joint defense, collective security, reduction and limitation of armed forces and weapons, on the participation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in peacekeeping operations and international security;
18) issues decrees on the conscription of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service, military training (indicating the number of conscripted citizens of the Russian Federation and their distribution between the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies), as well as on the dismissal of citizens of the Russian Federation from military service Federations undergoing military service upon conscription in the manner prescribed by federal law;
19) approves the maximum number of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies for secondment to federal government bodies;
20) exercises other powers in the field of defense assigned to him by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and laws of the Russian Federation.
Federation Council:
1) considers defense expenditures established by federal laws on the federal budget adopted by the State Duma;
2) considers federal laws in the field of defense adopted by the State Duma;
3) approves decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law and a state of emergency on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual localities, as well as on the involvement of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies using weapons to perform tasks other than their intended purpose;
4) resolves the issue of the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation.
State Duma:
1) considers defense expenditures established by federal laws on the federal budget;
2) adopts federal laws in the field of defense.
Government of the Russian Federation:
1) carries out measures to ensure defense and bears, within the limits of his powers, responsibility for the condition and provision of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
2) directs the activities on defense issues of the federal executive bodies subordinate to him;
3) develops and submits to the State Duma proposals for defense spending in the federal budget;
4) organizes the equipping of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies with weapons and military equipment according to their orders;
5) organizes the provision of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies with material resources, energy and other resources and services according to their orders;
6) organizes the development and implementation of state programs for armament and development of the defense industrial complex;
7) organizes the development and implementation of translation plans ( mobilization plans) federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and the country's economy for work in wartime conditions, as well as plans for creating inventories of material assets of the state and mobilization reserves;
8) manages the mobilization preparation of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, transport, communications and population of the country;
9) exercises control over the preparation of organizations for the implementation of the state defense order for the production of products in wartime, over the implementation of the state defense order by organizations, over the creation, development and preservation of mobilization capacities, as well as over the creation of military formations under federal executive authorities and the preparation of vehicles , subject to transfer to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
10) establishes mobilization tasks for federal executive authorities;
11) makes decisions on creation, reorganization and liquidation government organizations defense industrial complex, research and development organizations and determines the procedure for their reorganization and liquidation;
12) determines the conditions for the financial and economic activities of organizations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
13) makes decisions on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of military educational institutions vocational education, faculties of military training and military departments at educational institutions higher professional education;
14) approves the Regulations on military departments at state educational institutions of higher professional education;
15) organizes the development of plans for the placement on the territory of the Russian Federation of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste;
16) determines the procedure for the fulfillment by federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, organizations regardless of their form of ownership, as well as owners of vehicles of military transport duties, preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service, military registration, conscription for military service and alternative civilian service, military medical examination and military training;
17) approves provisions on military registration, conscription for military service, preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service, military training, military medical examination, as well as a list of military registration specialties;
18) establishes the staffing level of civilian personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops and military formations;
19) determines the organization, tasks and carries out general planning of civil and territorial defense;
20) determines the procedure for the provision and use of lands, forests, waters and other natural resources for the needs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
21) establishes the procedure for the transfer, lease, sale and liquidation of weapons and military equipment, defense facilities and other military property;
22) organizes control over the export of weapons and military equipment, strategic materials, technologies and dual-use products;
23) determines the procedure for spending funds allocated for defense from the federal budget, as well as sources of financing for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies involved in performing tasks not related to their purpose;
24) conducts international negotiations on issues of military cooperation and concludes relevant intergovernmental agreements;
25) establishes the procedure for compensation of expenses incurred by organizations and citizens of the Russian Federation in connection with the use of their property for defense needs;
26) exercises other powers in the field of defense assigned to him by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.
3. Federal executive authorities in the management of the military-industrial complex.
The main federal governing bodies of the Russian defense industry:
Executive branch:
1. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
2. Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.
3. Federal Space Agency.
4. Federal Atomic Energy Agency.
5. Federal Agency for the Supply of Military, Special Equipment and Materials (expected to begin functioning on January 1, 2008).
6. Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.
Legislative branch:
1. Expert Council on the problems of legislative support of the military-industrial complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
3.1. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
The activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation are managed by the President of the Russian Federation.
The structure of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation includes
Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation.
Federal Service for Technical and Export Control.
Federal Service for Defense Orders.
Federal Agency for Special Construction.
The Russian Ministry of Defense is the governing body of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The main tasks of the Russian Ministry of Defense are:
1) development and implementation of state policy in the field of defense;
2) legal regulation in the field of defense;
3) legal regulation of the activities of the Armed Forces and federal executive bodies subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of Russia;
4) coordination of the activities of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation on defense issues, coordination of the activities of troops, military formations and bodies for performing tasks in the field of defense, as well as coordination of the construction of troops and military formations;
5) coordination and control of the activities of federal executive bodies subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of Russia;
6) organization of the use of the Armed Forces in accordance with federal constitutional laws, federal laws and international treaties of the Russian Federation;
7) maintaining the necessary readiness of the Armed Forces;
8) implementation of measures to build the Armed Forces;
9) provision social protection military personnel, civilian personnel of the Armed Forces, citizens discharged from military service, and members of their families;
10) development and implementation of state policy in the field of international military cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states and international organizations(hereinafter referred to as international military cooperation) and military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states and international organizations (hereinafter referred to as military-technical cooperation).
The Russian Ministry of Defense is headed by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Minister), appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Minister reports directly to the President of the Russian Federation, and on issues assigned by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation to the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation, to the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
A board is formed in the Russian Ministry of Defense consisting of the Minister (chairman of the board), his first deputies and deputies, heads of services of the Russian Ministry of Defense, commanders-in-chief of the branches of the Armed Forces included in it ex officio, as well as other officials.
The number of members of the board of the Russian Ministry of Defense and its composition (except for persons included in it ex officio) are approved by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Minister.
At its meetings, the board considers the most important issues of the activities of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
Decisions of the board are made by a majority vote of its members and documented in minutes. If necessary, based on the decisions of the board, orders and directives of the Minister may be issued.
In case of disagreements between the Minister and other members of the board, the Minister implements his decision and reports the disagreements to the President of the Russian Federation. Members of the board have the right to report their opinion to the President of the Russian Federation.
If necessary, joint meetings of the collegiums of the Russian Ministry of Defense and other federal executive bodies are held.
Decisions made at joint meetings of the collegiums of the Russian Ministry of Defense and other federal executive authorities are documented in protocols and, if necessary, implemented by joint orders of the Minister and the heads of the relevant federal executive authorities.
The Russian Ministry of Defense is a government customer in the field of defense.
3.2. Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.
Within the framework of this topic, it is worth considering only some of the structural divisions of this ministry.
3.2.1. Department of the Defense-Industrial Complex.
The Department of the Defense-Industrial Complex (hereinafter referred to as the Department) is a structural subdivision of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Ministry).
The main objectives of the Department are:
1) development of proposals for the formation of state industrial, investment, scientific and technical, innovation, structural policies and legal regulation in the military-industrial complex (hereinafter - MIC), including in the field of development of aviation technology, chemical disarmament, industrial disposal of weapons and military equipment;
2) ensuring coordination of work on the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of reform and development of the defense industry, including: the creation of integrated structures and federal government enterprises, the maintenance of federal information system defense industry organizations;
3) development of proposals for the formation and implementation of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation in the field of defense industry, organization of an assessment of the feasibility in the defense industry of the draft state armament program and proposals of government customers for the draft state defense order, in terms of weapons, military and special equipment (hereinafter referred to as VVST) ;
4) development of proposals to create conditions for the technical re-equipment and technological development of defense industry organizations, preservation and development of critical technologies in order to ensure the implementation of the state weapons program and the plan for the development of military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states;
5) formation of proposals on the goals, basic principles, priority areas of activity of the Russian Federation in the field of development of aviation technology, study, development and use of airspace (hereinafter referred to as aviation activities) and in the field of maritime activities;
6) implementation in the prescribed manner of state foreign economic policy in the defense industry in the field of military-economic cooperation with foreign states, as well as in the field of dual-use and civilian goods and technologies;
7) ensuring coordination of military-economic cooperation with member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, organizing mutual supplies of special components and material resources for the manufacture of military products within the framework of industrial cooperation between organizations of CIS member states;
8) organization of work on the development and implementation of state policy in the field of non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery vehicles, control over the export of goods (work, services) that can be used in the creation of weapons of mass destruction, their delivery vehicles and other types of weapons and military technology;
9) coordination, within its competence, of the activities of the Federal Agency for Industry, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry.
Logistical, technical, legal, information and other support for the activities of the Department is carried out by the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry.
The department is headed by a director who is appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.
The Director of the Department has deputies.
The Department includes departments.
Employees of the Department are appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Director of the Department.
The Director of the Department reports to the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation and his deputies.
3.2.2. Federal Agency for Industry.
The Federal Agency for Industry performs the following main functions:
1) provides public services in the field of development and provision of production, scientific, technical and innovation activity, including using the latest world achievements of science and technology;
2) carries out law enforcement functions in the field of implementation of state industrial, innovation and military-technical policies, maintaining registers of organizations of the military-industrial complex, experimental aviation airfields, as well as other registers in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
3) in the area of activity of the Agency, carries out the functions of the main manager of federal budget funds and the state customer of the state defense order, relevant interstate and federal target programs, as well as construction projects and objects of the federal targeted investment program;
4) ensures, together with state customers, the implementation of the state armament program and state defense order;
5) ensures, within its competence, the implementation of state policy in the field of production sharing agreements;
6) coordinates mutual supplies of special components and material resources for the manufacture of military products within the framework of production cooperation of organizations of member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States;
7) makes decisions on the circulation of special materials and special equipment for the production of weapons, ammunition for them, military equipment, spare parts, components and devices for them, explosives and waste from their production, as well as explosives, industrial powders and pyrotechnics products;
8) determines, in accordance with the established procedure, organizations that are developers and manufacturers of military products participating in the implementation foreign trade contracts for the supply of military products, and ensures coordination of the implementation of these foreign trade contracts;
9) considers issues regarding the provision Russian organizations, who are developers and manufacturers of military products belonging to the Agency, the right to exercise foreign trade activities in relation to military products and prepares relevant materials in the prescribed manner;
10) exercises on behalf of the Russian Federation the powers of the owner in relation to the rights to the corresponding results of intellectual activity of organizations subordinate to the Agency, within the limits and manner established by federal legislation;
11) participates in the implementation of international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of activity of the Agency;
12) ensures the implementation of mobilization preparation measures, civil defense, storage of material assets of the mobilization reserve, protection of information constituting state and official secrets, organization of departmental security;
13) other main functions related to the scope of the Agency’s activities.
The Federal Agency for Industry is headed by a director appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Agency, within the limits and manner determined by federal laws, acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, exercises the powers of the owner in relation to federal property necessary to ensure the performance of the functions of federal government bodies, including those transferred to federal state unitary enterprises, federal government enterprises and government agencies, subordinate to the Agency.
The structural divisions of the Agency are the departments for the main areas of the Agency's activities. The directorates include departments.
3.3. Federal Space Agency.
The Federal Space Agency is an authorized federal executive body that carries out the functions of ensuring the implementation of state policy and legal regulation, providing public services and management of state property in the field space activities, international cooperation in the implementation of joint projects and programs in the field of space activities, work by rocket and space industry organizations on military rocket and space technology, strategic military rocket technology, as well as functions for the general coordination of work carried out at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
The activities of the Federal Space Agency are managed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Federal Space Agency is headed by a director appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The head of the Agency bears personal responsibility for the fulfillment of the powers assigned to the Federal Space Agency and the implementation of state policy in the established field of activity. The structural divisions of the Federal Space Agency are the departments for the main areas of the Agency's activities. The directorates include departments.
The Federal Space Agency is legal entity, has a seal with the image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation and with its name, other seals, stamps and forms of the established form, as well as accounts opened in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3.4. Federal Atomic Energy Agency.
The Federal Atomic Energy Agency is an authorized federal executive body that carries out the functions of implementing state policy, legal regulation, provision of public services and management of state property in the field of nuclear energy use, development and safe operation nuclear energy, nuclear weapons complex, nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear science and technology, nuclear and radiation safety, nonproliferation nuclear materials and technologies, as well as international cooperation in this area.
The Federal Atomic Energy Agency is the state authority for the use of atomic energy, the state competent body for nuclear and radiation safety during the transportation of nuclear materials, radioactive substances and products made from them, the central government agency and point of contact in accordance with international convention on the physical protection of nuclear material and the national competent authority to fulfill the obligations of the Russian Federation in the field of ensuring the physical protection of nuclear material in the International Atomic Energy Agency and other international organizations.
The activities of the Federal Atomic Energy Agency are managed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 28, 2004 No. 316 “On approval of the Regulations of the Federal Atomic Energy Agency,” the Agency, in particular, is entrusted with the following functions for managing state property and providing public services:
1) conducts tenders in the prescribed manner and concludes government contracts for placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services, for carrying out research, development and technological work for state needs in the established field of activity, including to meet the needs of the Agency;
2) exercises the powers of the owner in relation to federal property necessary to ensure the performance of the functions of the federal government body in the established field of activity, including property transferred to federal state institutions and federal state unitary enterprises subordinate to the Agency;
3) carries out economic analysis activities of subordinate state unitary enterprises and approves economic indicators their activities, conducts inspections of financial and economic activities and the use of property complex in subordinate organizations;
4) performs the functions of a state customer - coordinator of work on the comprehensive dismantlement of nuclear submarines and surface ships with nuclear power plants, as well as to reduce radiation hazards at their locations, environmental rehabilitation of facilities associated with the temporary storage of spent waste nuclear fuel, solid and liquid radioactive waste;
5) carries out the functions of a state customer - coordinator of special environmental programs;
6) makes a decision to recognize an organization as suitable to operate a nuclear installation, radiation source or storage point and carry out, on its own or with the involvement of other organizations, activities for siting, design, construction, operation and decommissioning of a nuclear installation, radiation source or storage point, and also activities related to the handling of nuclear materials and radioactive substances;
7) manages the state stock of special raw materials and fissile materials, as well as federally owned nuclear materials, with the exception of nuclear materials transferred as part of products to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, concludes, in the prescribed manner, agreements for the transfer of federally owned nuclear materials for use legal entities;
8) maintains the state register of nuclear materials;
9) ensures that the rights to objects are assigned to the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure intellectual property and other results of scientific and technical activities created at the expense of the federal budget during the implementation of government contracts concluded by the Agency, and also disposes of the rights assigned to the Russian Federation to the results of scientific and technical activities in order to bring them to the stage of industrial application and sale of finished products;
10) conducts, in accordance with the established procedure, an examination of secret and top secret inventions in the established field of activity in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
11) provides information, analytical, documentation, legal and logistical support for activities special commission on issues of import into the territory of the Russian Federation of irradiated fuel assemblies of foreign production; 12) issues assurances to supplier countries regarding the peaceful use of imported nuclear goods and technologies, ensuring their physical protection and conditions for subsequent transfer;
13) carries out the functions of the state customer for the state defense order, interstate and federal target programs and the federal targeted investment program in the established field of activity.
The functions of the federal body for managing the use of atomic energy are established by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of November 21, 1995 No. 170-FZ “On the Use of Atomic Energy” (as amended Federal laws from 10.02. 1997 No. 28-FZ; from 10.07. 2001 No. 94-FZ; dated November 11, 2003 No. 140-FZ).
3.5. Federal Agency for the Supply of Military, Special Equipment and Materials.
According to Presidential Decree No. 119 of February 5, 2007 “On the Federal Agency for the Supply of Weapons, Military, Special Equipment and Materials,” it is planned to establish a new federal executive body under the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation - the Federal Agency for the Supply of Weapons, Military, Special Equipment and material resources.
The Agency will be entrusted with the authority to exercise the function of a state customer for placing orders, concluding, paying, monitoring and accounting for the implementation of contracts for state defense orders across the entire range of weapons, military, special equipment and materiel, with the exception of special equipment according to the range determined by the heads of federal executive authorities that are state customers for state defense orders.
The Government of the Russian Federation was instructed to develop and approve the regulations on the Agency within three months, establish the maximum number of employees of its central apparatus, as well as the wage fund.
The agency will carry out work in the interests of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Russian Emergency Situations Ministry, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, the Russian FSB, the Russian Federal Security Service, the Russian Federal Drug Control Service, and the Federal Penitentiary Service. The listed federal executive authorities will transfer the relevant material and labor resources in proportion to the volume of work performed.
3.6. Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.
The Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation is a permanent body that organizes and coordinates the activities of federal executive authorities to implement state policy on military-industrial issues, as well as military-technical support for the country's defense, law enforcement and state security.
The main tasks of the military-industrial complex are the organization and coordination of the activities of federal executive authorities on the following issues:
a) implementation of the Fundamentals of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2015 and future prospects and the Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of the military-industrial complex for the period until 2010 and beyond; b) development of concepts, programs and plans in the field of military-technical support for the country's defense, law enforcement and state security, implementation of these concepts, programs and plans and monitoring their implementation;
c) development, production and disposal of weapons, military and special equipment;
d) mobilization preparation of the state;
e) development of the military-industrial complex, science and technology in the interests of ensuring the country’s defense, law enforcement and state security;
f) carrying out export-import deliveries of military and dual-use products.
5. In order to implement the tasks assigned to it, the military-industrial complex performs the following main functions:
a) considers issues related to the implementation of the military-technical policy of the Russian Federation and the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of the military-industrial complex, as well as the efficiency of using federal budget funds to ensure the country’s defense, law enforcement and state security, including those allocated for current maintenance and equipment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies;
b) coordinates the activities of federal executive authorities in the formation of the state armament program, state defense order, federal target and special programs carried out in the interests of ensuring the country’s defense, law enforcement and state security, as well as to ensure export-import supplies of military and dual-use products, organizes control over their implementation;
c) considers proposals from federal executive authorities on the volume of financing of expenses for ensuring the country’s defense, law enforcement activities and state security in the process of forming initial data for the development of draft state armament programs, programs and plans in the field of military development, as well as on federal budget projects, the main indicators of the state defense order, federal target programs carried out by organizations of the military-industrial complex, and the federal targeted investment program;
d) considers proposals and makes decisions on the composition of the main indicators of the state defense order for the next financial year;
e) considers and coordinates proposals on the planned volumes of funding for the development, purchase, repair and disposal of weapons, military and special equipment, special programs carried out in the interests of ensuring the country’s defense, law enforcement and state security, as well as on tasks solved within the budget of existing and assumed obligations, simultaneously with consideration of the results of the implementation of the state defense order for the reporting year;
f) forms, on the basis of proposals from government customers, and approves financing indicators for the most important research, development and technological work related to the creation of modern weapons, military and special equipment, approves schedules for the implementation of these works and monitors the implementation of these plans - schedulers, makes decisions on the appointment of general designers of weapons, military and special equipment;
g) promptly makes decisions on the development and production of weapons, military and special equipment, considers proposals for the production of weapons, military and special equipment with a long technological manufacturing cycle, as well as on fundamental and exploratory research in the interests of ensuring the country’s defense, law enforcement and state security ;
h) reviews and approves materials on the draft state defense order before their submission to the Government of the Russian Federation;
i) considers proposals for the implementation of scientific, technical and innovation policy in the field of weapons, military and special equipment, conservation and development production capacity, experimental base, test benches, testing grounds, and other facilities designed to support the development, testing and production of weapons, military and special equipment, high-tech products civil and dual-use products produced by organizations of the defense-industrial complex, as well as for the reform and development of the defense-industrial and nuclear weapons complexes, approves schedules for the creation of integrated structures and federal government enterprises;
j) considers proposals for maintaining and developing the production of strategic materials and electronic components used to create modern weapons, military and special equipment and high-tech competitive civilian and dual-use products, as well as for the rational use of the scientific, technical and production potential of defense organizations industrial complex;
k) considers issues related to the formation and implementation of mobilization plans of the Russian Federation, a consolidated plan for creating stocks of material assets of the mobilization reserve, including determining the nomenclature and volumes of accumulation of these assets, and based on the results of the consideration, develops appropriate proposals;
l) coordinates the activities of federal executive authorities to implement measures aimed at training scientific, engineering and technical personnel for organizations of the military-industrial complex, as well as improving their qualifications;
n) considers issues personnel policy in relation to heads of organizations of the military-industrial complex, including in relation to candidates for election to positions of managers executive bodies and representatives of the Russian Federation to the boards of directors (supervisory boards) and audit commissions joint-stock companies included in the consolidated register of organizations of the military-industrial complex, and in relation to candidates for participation in competitions for filling positions of heads of strategic federal state unitary enterprises included in the consolidated register of organizations of the military-industrial complex, as well as questions about the release of these managers from positions ;
n) considers, in the prescribed manner, proposals for the President of the Russian Federation to award scholarships to employees of organizations of the military-industrial complex;
o) considers proposals to improve the regulatory framework on the development, production, supply, repair, operation, disposal, export and import of weapons, military and special equipment, as well as on the functioning of organizations of the defense-industrial and nuclear weapons complexes;
p) considers proposals on improving the legal regulation of relations in the field of managing federal property of organizations of the military-industrial complex, on preventing the bankruptcy of these organizations, as well as on introducing changes to the list of strategic enterprises and strategic joint-stock companies, approved by the President of the Russian Federation, and in list of strategic enterprises and organizations approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) considers proposals for improving the quality assurance system for weapons, military and special equipment supplied under state defense orders, cataloging and standardizing these products;
r) considers proposals to improve pricing for products supplied under the state defense order;
s) considers proposals to ensure the fulfillment of the obligations of the Russian Federation under international treaties in the field of arms reduction and limitation, conventional problems of chemical and biological weapons, to implement agreements within the framework of the G8 global partnership against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;
t) considers proposals on issues of legal protection of the interests of the state in the process of economic and civil legal circulation of the results of research, development and technological work of military, special and dual purpose, including those obtained in the implementation of military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states and the implementation of state defense orders;
x) considers proposals for the allocation of funds received from the implementation of contracts concluded when the results of research, development and technological work of military, special and dual purpose and credited to the federal budget are involved in economic and civil circulation, for the preparation of projects relevant decisions in the prescribed manner;
v) considers disagreements between federal executive authorities on issues related to draft acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as on other issues within the competence of the military-industrial complex, and based on the results of the consideration makes appropriate decisions.
The chairman of the military-industrial complex is approved by the President of the Russian Federation.
The chairman of the military-industrial complex manages the activities of the military-industrial complex and is personally responsible for the implementation of the tasks assigned to it.
The Chairman of the Military-Industrial Complex has the right to submit, in the prescribed manner, to the President of the Russian Federation draft decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation on issues within the competence of the Military-Industrial Complex.
IN composition of the military-industrial complex includes:
a) chairman of the military-industrial complex;
b) as permanent members of the military industrial complex:
First Deputy Chairman of the Military-Industrial Complex - Minister of the Russian Federation;
Chairman of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Military-Industrial Complex - Deputy Chairman of the Military-Industrial Complex;
Chief of Staff of the Military Industrial Complex - Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation;
members of the military-industrial complex holding federal government positions civil service under a service contract;
Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation;
Minister of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation;
Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation;
Directors of Departments of the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) as members of the military industrial complex:
heads of federal executive authorities and organizations;
representatives of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation (as agreed);
representatives of the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (as agreed);
representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences (by agreement).
The personnel of the military-industrial complex is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The composition of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex is headed by a chairman who fills the position of the federal state civil service of the chairman of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex - deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex.
The chairman of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex - the deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex is appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation at the proposal of the Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation - the Minister of the Russian Federation on the basis of the proposal of the first deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex - the Minister of the Russian Federation.
The chairman of the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex - the deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex plans its activities and manages them, is responsible for analytical and expert support for the activities of the military-industrial complex, as well as for the scientific and technical substantiation of decisions of the military-industrial complex in the field of creating weapons, military and special equipment. On behalf of the military-industrial complex, it organizes the implementation of expert work and attracts for this purpose, in the prescribed manner, representatives of interested federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the Russian Academy of Sciences, organizations of the military-industrial complex and other organizations.
A section on advanced research and technologies is being formed in the military-industrial complex, headed by the first deputy chairman of the military-industrial complex - the Minister of the Russian Federation.
The regulations on the section on advanced research and technologies and its composition are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The activities of the military-industrial complex are carried out in accordance with the plan of meetings of the military-industrial complex, approved by its chairman. If necessary, issues regarding the development and production of weapons, military and special equipment that require prompt decision by the military-industrial complex are considered within the framework of meetings of permanent members of the military-industrial complex.
Planning, preparation and holding of meetings of the military-industrial complex are carried out in the manner established by the Regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation regarding the preparation and holding of meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Leaders (general and chief designers) of organizations of the military-industrial complex, leading scientists and specialists can be invited to the meetings of the military-industrial complex.
Decisions at meetings of the military-industrial complex, including within the framework of meetings of permanent members of the military-industrial complex, are made based on the results of consideration of issues by a simple majority of votes of members of the military-industrial complex present at the meeting, and are documented in a protocol approved by the chairman of the military-industrial complex.
All members of the military-industrial complex have equal rights when making decisions.
Decisions of the military-industrial complex adopted within its competence are binding on all federal executive authorities. In order to implement the decisions of the military-industrial complex, if necessary, draft resolutions or orders of the Government of the Russian Federation are prepared and submitted in accordance with the established procedure.
The activities of the military-industrial complex are ensured by the Office of the Government of the Russian Federation. For these purposes, a permanent military-industrial complex apparatus is being formed within the structure of the Government of the Russian Federation, ensuring the activities of the military-industrial complex and the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex.
Management of the activities of the military-industrial complex apparatus is carried out by the head of the military-industrial complex apparatus - the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation, filling the position of the federal state civil service under a service contract. The Chief of Staff of the Military-Industrial Complex - Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation is appointed and dismissed by the Government of the Russian Federation at the proposal of the Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation - Minister of the Russian Federation on the basis of a proposal from the First Deputy Chairman of the Military-Industrial Complex - Minister of the Russian Federation.
Chief of Staff of the Military Industrial Complex - Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation:
coordinates and controls the work of departments of the Government Staff of the Russian Federation in accordance with the distribution of responsibilities among the deputy Chiefs of the Government Staff of the Russian Federation approved by the Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation - the Minister of the Russian Federation;
interacts to ensure the activities of the military-industrial complex with other departments of the Government of the Russian Federation, whose areas of competence include issues considered by the military-industrial complex;
organizes the preparation of a draft plan for meetings of the military-industrial complex, control over the timely submission of materials for consideration by the military-industrial complex, preparation of expert opinions on received materials, elaboration of projects and execution of protocols and decisions of the military-industrial complex, and also organizes control over their implementation.
The military-industrial complex has a seal and forms with the image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation and its name.
4. Expert Council on the problems of legislative support for the development of the military-industrial complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council.
As a segment of the economy engaged in the production of military products, the defense industry forms the material base military security state, accumulates advanced scientific and technical achievements, determines the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech sectors of the country's economy.
The formation and development of the defense industry is based on accepted conceptual and doctrinal guidelines, long-term programs, and the activities of enterprises and organizations are regulated by many legislative and other regulatory legal acts.
The most important of these guidelines are: Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of science and technology for the period up to 2010 and beyond; Military doctrine of the Russian Federation; Maritime doctrine of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020; National Security Concept of the Russian Federation; Concept of state property management and privatization in the Russian Federation; Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of the military-industrial complex for the period up to 2010 and beyond; Concept of foreign policy of the Russian Federation, etc.
The activities of the defense industry are greatly influenced by various federal programs- such as: “National technological base for 2002 - 2006”; "Global Navigation System"; “Development of civil aviation equipment for 2002 - 2010. and for the period until 2015"; " Electronic Russia(2002 - 2010)"; “National technological base for 2007 - 2011”; “World Ocean” (subprograms “Creation of technologies for the development of resources and spaces of the World Ocean” and “Creation of high-tech installations, machines and equipment for offshore oil, gas production and development of hydrocarbon fields on the continental shelf of the Arctic for 2003 - 2012”); " State program weapons (2001 - 2010)"; (2007 - 2015 - project); Comprehensive program for equipping formations and military units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for 2006 - 2015.
From the list of main documents it is clear that the executive branch is making certain efforts to promote the reform and development of the defense industry. But without the legislative branch of government, it is hardly possible to solve the problems in this segment of the country’s economy, and there are still a lot of problems here.
The Federation Council pays great attention to analyzing the state of the defense industry and developing measures to improve its functioning. In its activities to reform and develop the defense industry, the Federation Council approves federal laws, adopts resolutions, holds meetings of committees of the Federation Council, “ round tables»at the St. Petersburg and Baikal economic forums, representatives of executive authorities are heard at chamber meetings. The Chairman of the Federation Council and members of the Federation Council systematically visit defense industry enterprises, meet with their managers and developers of military and civilian products. Problematic issues The functioning of the defense industry complex is covered in the analytical bulletins of the Analytical Directorate of the Staff of the Federation Council.
Under the Chairman of the Federation Council there is a public, permanent advisory body - the Expert Council on the problems of legislative support for the development of the military-industrial complex (hereinafter referred to as the Expert Council). The Chairman of the Expert Council is Sergei Mikhailovich Mironov. The Expert Council includes members of the Federation Council, scientists, heads of major production associations Defense industry, scientific institutions.
The Expert Council on Problems of Legislative Support for the Military-Industrial Complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Expert Council) is a public, permanent advisory body under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
The Expert Council in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation, resolutions of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Federation Council), decisions of the Chamber Council, Rules of Procedure of the Federation Council, orders of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, as well as these Regulations.
The main tasks and functions of the Expert Council are:
Comprehensive expert assessment of development trends in the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, forecasting the development of this area in the Russian Federation and in the world;
Studying the state of legislation of the Russian Federation in the military-industrial complex and developing a strategy for the prospects for its development;
Preparation of the concept of priority areas legislative activity Federation Council in the field of the military-industrial complex;
Providing the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation with information and materials containing expert assessment processes taking place in the country and the world in the sphere of the military-industrial complex;
Interaction with scientific organizations, foundations, advisory and expert councils, and other organizations on issues of their activities;
Preparation for the Federation Council of comments and proposals on bills affecting the activities of enterprises of the military-industrial complex submitted to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;
Interaction with the Government of the Russian Federation in the implementation of measures state support enterprises of the military-industrial complex;
Analysis of proposals from the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the state of development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, as well as measures for their reform;
Preparation on behalf of the Federation Council of bills on issues within the competence of the Expert Council.
The Expert Council consists of the chairman of the Expert Council, two deputy chairmen of the Expert Council, the executive secretary of the Expert Council and members of the Expert Council, who are appointed by order of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The Expert Council includes members of the Federation Council and, by agreement, representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, branch academies of sciences, heads of the largest production associations of the military-industrial complex, and scientific institutions.
The duties of the chairman of the Expert Council and members of the Expert Council are carried out on a voluntary basis.
To organize the work of the Expert Council in the periods between meetings, the Chairman of the Expert Council is formed from among the members of 8.
The Expert Council is created, reorganized and abolished by order of the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Meetings of the Expert Council are held as necessary, but at least twice a year. Organizational and technical support for the preparation and holding of meetings of the Expert Council is assigned to the executive secretary.
The work of the Expert Council is carried out according to a plan approved by the Chairman of the Expert Council. In its activities, the Expert Council interacts with committees and commissions of the Federation Council, the Staff of the Federation Council, scientists, specialists, representatives of government bodies, the public, as well as with other councils under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on issues of its competence.
To discuss current problems of legislative support for the development of the military-industrial complex, the Expert Council, together with committees and commissions of the Federation Council, can hold scientific and practical conferences, symposia, seminars and other events with the invitation to them of members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma, representatives of government bodies, heads of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, entrepreneurs, scientists, representatives public organizations, media.
To carry out analytical and expert work carried out in accordance with the work plan of the Expert Council, they may be involved third parties and specialists, including on a contractual basis.
Organizational, legal, documentation, information-analytical and other support for the activities of the Expert Council is carried out by structural divisions of the Federation Council Staff.
Conclusion
Thus, this work examined the basics of public management of the defense-industrial complex at the federal level.
O The military-industrial complex occupies a special place and plays a prominent role in the development of the economy, ensuring national security, which consists in protecting its independence, sovereignty, state and territorial integrity, in preventing military aggression against Russia and its allies, in ensuring conditions for a peaceful, democratic development of the state.
The state of the modern Russian defense industry in the 80-90s. XX century was characterized by a difficult financial and economic situation, largely due first to “perestroika” and then to the ill-conceived, scientifically unfounded implementation of the so-called reforms. Russian defense enterprises, focused on the production of weapons and military equipment, have undergone deep deformations in recent years, associated with a sharp reduction in defense orders, and with rapid, not always justified privatization, and with a reduction in the volume and concentration of material and financial resources intended for the production military products, in the absence of stable demand for civilian products.
The main task of the functioning of the Russian defense industry in 2000–207. was defined as the creation and production of modern competitive military equipment, ensuring the rearmament of the Armed Forces, other troops and formations of Russia and strengthening its position in the global arms market.
In this regard, the defense industry is one of the priority areas in the development of the Russian economy. The system of government management of this complex is quite complex. However, we can conclude that it is mainly limited to the Federal executive authorities (in particular, the Government of the Russian Federation and subordinate structures) and the President of the Russian Federation. However, without interaction with the legislative branch, managing the defense industry would simply be impossible. Therefore, along with the functions prescribed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, additional structures are being created within the legislative bodies to improve the coordination of various branches of government in this area.
Since many of structural divisions federal management bodies of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation are quite new, and some of them are still planned to be created, the author concluded that this area has wide scope for improving the public administration system.
List of sources.
(as amended by Federal Laws dated December 30, 1999 N 223-FZ, dated June 30, 2003 N 86-FZ, dated November 11, 2003 N 141-FZ, dated June 29, 2004 N 58-FZ, dated August 22, 2004 N 122-FZ (as amended on December 29, 2004), dated March 7, 2005 N 15-FZ, dated April 4, 2005 N 31-FZ, dated December 26, 2005 N 185-FZ). http://www.mchs.gov.ru/
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 5, 2007 N 119 “On the Federal Agency for the Supply of Arms, Military, Special Equipment and Materials.” http://www.inforeg.ru/
3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On approval of the list of strategic enterprises and strategic joint-stock companies”
4. Regulations on the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. http://www.mil.ru/.
5. Regulations on the Department of the Defense-Industrial Complex of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation. http://www.minprom.gov.ru
6. Regulations on the Federal Agency for Industry. http://www.rosprom.gov.ru/
7. Regulations on Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation. http://vpk.rosprom.org/
8. Regulations on Expert Council on problems of legislative support of the military-industrial complex under the Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. http://www.mironov.ru/
9. Regulations on the Federal Space Agency. http://www.rg.ru/
10. Regulations on the Federal Atomic Energy Agency. http://www.minatom.ru/
11. Website of the information agency TS VPK http://ia.vpk.ru
The Stockholm Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) has published a report on the situation in the production and sale of weapons in the world. Eleven Russian companies were included in the list of the world's 100 leading arms manufacturers in 2014.
"RTI Systems"
Place in the ranking: 91
Gun sales, 2014: $840 million
OJSC Concern RTI Systems is a Russian machine-building company. It carries out scientific, technical and production activities in such industries as radio engineering and rocketry, integrated communication and security systems, and drive technology.
Created in 2000 financial corporation"System" on the basis of two leading Russian radio engineering institutes - RTI and NIIDAR - with the goal of "building a business out of the institute." The company's headquarters is located in Moscow.
The concern's enterprises produce radio engineering products, aerospace and ground control and communication systems, engines, low-voltage equipment, etc.
Areas of activity include the creation of information means for missile and space defense, the organization of technical operation of missile attack warning systems, space control, missile defense, and mechanotronics.
Among the products manufactured by the concern's companies are unmanned aircraft: "Kaira", "Avius-1", "Vakhir", "Forpost", based on the Diamond DA42 aircraft, terahertz radio-photonic radars, etc.
"Uralvagonzavod"
Place in the ranking: 61
Weapons sales, 2014:$1,450 million
JSC "Research and Production Corporation "Uralvagonzavod" named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky" - Russian corporation, engaged in the development and production of military equipment, road construction machines, and railway cars. The corporation includes research institutes, design bureaus and manufacturing enterprises.
The head enterprise is the Uralvagonzavod plant, located in Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk region.
Today, one of the largest research and production complexes in Russia includes metallurgical, car assembly, mechanical assembly, mechanical repair, tool and other production facilities, allowing for a closed production cycle.
Four design bureaus, including the head one in the freight car building industry, and two institutes enable the corporation to master modern technologies, successfully develop and introduce into mass production new models of transport and special equipment.
The general partners of Uralvagonzavod are the largest domestic transportation companies, as well as the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and OJSC Rosobornexport.
JSC "Concern Radioelectronic Technologies"
Place in the ranking: 45
Gun sales, 2014.: $2,240 million
JSC Concern Radioelectronic Technologies (KRET) is part of the State Corporation Russian Technologies (Rostec).
Today KRET unites 97 enterprises engaged in the development and production of radio-electronic products for military and civil purposes.
The Concern's enterprises are located throughout Russia, from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok, and the total number of their employees is about 50 thousand people.
Currently, KRET produces a wide range of products that can be divided into the following segments: systems and complexes of onboard radio-electronic equipment (avionics); electronic warfare and reconnaissance (EW) equipment; radar stations(radar); systems and means of state identification (GO); measuring equipment for various purposes (IA); connectors, electrical connectors and cable products (SC).
NPO "High-precision complexes"
Place in the ranking: 39
Gun sales, 2014.: $2,350 million
Holding JSC "NPO" High-precision systems" was formed in 2009 with the aim of consolidating the scientific and technical potential of a group of specialized enterprises to create, based on innovation and technological modernization of the existing production base, advanced weapons, military and special equipment (VVST) in the field of high-precision systems and weapons complexes of the tactical combat zone Part of the Rostec state corporation.
The holding company NPO High-Precision Complexes JSC includes 19 enterprises with a staff of more than 45 thousand people.
The main field of activity of the enterprises is the development, production, modernization, repair and sale of weapons, military and special equipment in several areas:
. operational-tactical missile systems, anti-aircraft missiles, including portable, missile-cannon and short-range and short-range missile and artillery systems for the Ground Forces, Air Force and Navy(“Iskander-M”, “Pantsir S-1”, “Igla-S”);
. anti-tank missile systems and assault weapons systems ("Cornet", "Chrysanthemum", "Konkurs", etc.);
. guided artillery weapon systems (Krasnopol, Kitolov);
. armament systems for armored vehicles, combat compartments of lightly armored vehicles (Berezhok, Bakhcha, active protection systems Arena, Drozd);
. equipment information support and other samples of military equipment.
United Engine Corporation
Place in the ranking: 38
Gun sales, 2014.: $2,600 million
JSC "United Engine Corporation" is an integrated structure that produces engines for military and civil aviation, space programs, gas turbine units of various capacities for the production of electrical and thermal energy, gas pumping and ship gas turbine units.
United Engine Corporation is subsidiary company United Industrial Corporation "Oboronprom", part of the state corporation "Rostec".
United Engine Corporation JSC develops, produces and provides after-sales service for a wide range of gas turbine engines.
Activities of the corporation on at the moment concentrated in the following key business areas: engines for military aviation, engines for ground use, helicopter engines, engines for civil aviation, rocket engines, short-life gas turbine engines, marine gas turbine engines.
JSC "Tactical Missile Weapons Corporation"
Place in the ranking: 34
Gun sales, 2014: $2,810 million
JSC "Corporation" Tactical missile weapons" (KTRV) — Russian company, one of largest manufacturers weapons. The company's headquarters is located in the city of Korolev (Moscow region).
The strategic goal of creating the association was to preserve and develop the scientific and production potential of rocketry, ensure the defense capability of the state, mobilize resources for the creation of highly effective guided missiles and air-, ground-, and sea-based weapons systems, and strengthen Russia’s position in the global arms market.
The corporation is a recognized leader in the development and production of high-precision weapons, uniting 32 enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex.
Priority areas of activity of the Tactical Missile Weapons Corporation:
- development, production, modernization of hypersonic weapons systems, complexes of strategic and tactical aviation high-precision weapons of the air-to-surface, air-to-air class and unified naval weapons systems, domestic rocket and space technology and electronic weapons, as well as products created in based on dual-use technologies in aerospace, information technology and renewable energy;
- repair, service maintenance of previously produced products;
- ensuring licensed production of exported military products.
United Instrument-Making Corporation
Place in the ranking: 24
Gun sales, 2014: $3,640 million
"United Instrument-Making Corporation" is a Russian state corporation, created in March 2014 as part of the State Corporation "Rostec" as a specialized management company, under the auspices of which scientific and production structures radioelectronic industry of Russia.
Today, there are more than 60 enterprises and scientific organizations radio-electronic industry.
Among the main projects that the defense industry is conducting today is the creation of 6th generation army communications and modern on-board communications systems for aviation, in particular, for the T50 fighter.
Creation of modern radar systems for reconnaissance and monitoring for various purposes, including radar systems for A-50U and A-100 aircraft.
Development and implementation of new technologies in the production of communication systems and equipment, telecommunications equipment, and computer equipment.
One of the most significant projects of the defense industry is the organization of mass production of high-density electronics of a new generation - compact 3D microsystems.
"Russian Helicopters"
Place in the ranking: 23
Gun sales, 2014.: $3,890 million
JSC Russian Helicopters is a Russian helicopter manufacturing holding that unites all helicopter manufacturing enterprises in the country. JSC Russian Helicopters is a subsidiary of OJSC OPK Oboronprom, which is part of state corporation"Rostec".
The geography of Russian Helicopters covers the entire country.
The holding includes design bureaus, helicopter factories, enterprises for the production, maintenance and repair of components, aircraft repair plants, as well as service companies providing after-sales support for equipment in Russia and abroad.
The head office of Russian Helicopters is located in Moscow.
The Russian Helicopters holding company was founded in 2007, but its key enterprises have a history of more than 70 years.
As of 2014, Russian Helicopters enterprises produced 24% of the world fleet of military helicopters, while the holding's products account for 35% of the world fleet of combat helicopters and 50% of medium military transport helicopters.
In the world fleet of civil helicopters, the products of the Russian Helicopters holding company account for a record 71% among heavy helicopters (with a maximum take-off weight of more than 20 tons) and 69% in the class of medium helicopters (with a take-off weight from 7 to 20 tons).
United Shipbuilding Corporation
Place in the ranking: 15
Gun sales, 2014: $5,980 million
The United Shipbuilding Corporation represents 80% of all shipbuilding projects in Russia. USC unites the best shipbuilding, ship repair enterprises and design bureaus.
In military shipbuilding - meeting the needs of the Russian Navy, designing and building a fleet of the 21st century. A significant share of USC military products is exported.
In civil shipbuilding - drilling and production platforms, offshore equipment, specialized ice-class vessels for the development of the Arctic, vessels for working on inland waterways.
USC design bureaus have extensive experience in innovative developments in the field of shipbuilding and the production of marine equipment. We offer our customers dozens of unique innovative projects, which have no analogues in the world, and hundreds of vessels that have already been tested in a series of projects.
United Aircraft Corporation
Place in the ranking: 14
Gun sales, 2014: $6,110 million
PJSC "United Aircraft Corporation" is a Russian public joint stock company, uniting the largest aircraft manufacturing enterprises in Russia.
Today, UAC includes about 30 enterprises and is one of the largest players in the global aircraft manufacturing market. Companies included in the structure of the Corporation have the rights to such world-famous brands as “Su”, “MiG”, “Il”, “Tu”, “Yak”, “Beriev”, as well as new ones - SSJ, MS-21.
The Corporation's priority areas of activity are development, production, testing and operational support, warranty and service maintenance of civil and military aviation equipment.
The areas of work of UAC companies include the modernization, repair and disposal of aircraft, personnel training and advanced training of flight personnel.
Today, the largest share in the production structure is occupied by military products, both for the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and for foreign customers. Moreover, since 2013, the main share of military equipment supplies has been supplied to the domestic market.
"Almaz-Antey"
Rank: 11
Gun sales, 2014: $8,840 million
JSC Concern VKO Almaz-Antey is a Russian concern uniting enterprises that develop and produce weapons.
The enterprises gathered into the concern develop, produce and modernize anti-aircraft missile and radar equipment and its components (the main area of activity of the concern is air defense).
In addition, the concern’s tasks include the implementation, maintenance of operation, repair and disposal for federal government needs and foreign customers of systems, complexes and air defense systems and non-strategic missile defense systems.
DEFENSE-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIA IN MODERN ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Kazakov Pavel Ivanovich
Master's student, Department of Economic Theory, Moscow State University of Transport, Moscow
Zolotareva Vera Petrovna
scientific supervisor, Ph.D. economy Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Economic Theory, Moscow State Transport University
Moscow
The military-industrial complex (hereinafter - MIC) occupies a special place and plays a significant role in the development of the economy and ensuring the national security of the country, which consists in protecting its independence, state and territorial integrity.
The main task of the functioning of the defense industry is defined as the creation and production of modern competitive weapons, military and special equipment (hereinafter referred to as military and special equipment), ensuring the rearmament of the Armed Forces, other troops and formations of Russia and strengthening positions in the global arms market.
The defense industry is concentrated most advanced technologies for military and civilian purposes, concentrated highly qualified personnel in the domestic scientific and industrial sphere. The total number of workers employed in defense industry organizations is about 2 million people, including about 1.3 million people employed directly in the defense industries. The share of workers under 35 years of age was about 27% of the total in 2011. total number defense industry workers. Middle age defense industry workers were 46 years old. The age composition of employees of defense industry enterprises is presented in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Age composition of employees of defense industry enterprises (%)
Defense-industrial complex organizations retain a significant scientific and technical reserve, which makes it possible to make technological breakthroughs in a number of areas (nuclear, laser, aviation, space technology, special materials and alloys, etc.). The critical directions for the development of the technological base of the defense industry not only coincide, but also often form the key directions of scientific and technological progress as a whole.
In accordance with the current edition consolidated register organizations of the defense industry, approved by order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia dated February 5, 2013 No. 137, 1340 organizations are included in the defense industry. The departmental and sectoral structure of the consolidated register of defense industry organizations is presented in Figures 2 and 3.
An important part of the development program for defense industry enterprises at the moment is the technical re-equipment of production and the contribution of funds to the development innovative technologies, without which in the near future it will be impossible to produce a new generation of products comparable or superior in their tactical and technical characteristics products of competing countries in the arms market, which currently are the USA, France, England, Germany and Israel.
Figure 2. Departmental structure of defense industry enterprises (pcs.)
Figure 3. Industry structure defense industry enterprises (%)
The main component of the financial well-being of an enterprise is determined by the funds allocated within the framework of the state defense order (hereinafter referred to as the State Defense Order), unconditional execution which is the main task facing the defense industrial enterprises Russian Federation. Currently, about 45% of industrial volumes defense industry products- these are military products that are supplied for internal needs to government customers at regulated prices, about 22% are supplied through military-technical cooperation (hereinafter - MTC), about 33% are civilian products in the interests of such important sectors of the economy as transport, communications and telecommunications, fuel and energy industries, healthcare, etc.
A large contribution to the formation of the budget of defense organizations is made by the export of mechanical and technical products, primarily through the military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign countries. The defense complex is one of the largest and most stable sources of foreign exchange financial resources through the export of military equipment. The main supplies of defense industry products fall to the countries Eastern Europe, North Africa and China. India retains its status as one of Russia's key partners in the military-technical cooperation field. Recent confirmation of this is the signing of military contracts between Russia and India worth almost $3 billion.
Russia occupies a leading position in the global arms market. In 2012, exports Russian weapons amounted to a record $14 billion, and the amount of new contracts for the supply of military equipment to third countries today already exceeds $15 billion.
Many Russian defense enterprises, as part of the conversion carried out in the 90s, reoriented part of their production to the production of civilian consumer goods. Profit received from the sale of civilian products, as a rule, is invested in the development of the enterprise, improvement of material and technical parts, preparation of production, modernization of equipment, purchase of new high-tech equipment, financing the development of new types of civilian products. For example, production release and provision of civil and dual-use services enterprise OJSC "VPK "NPO Mashinostroeniya" in 2011 amounted to 15.1% of the total volume of products produced by the Corporation. According to the innovative development program for the period until 2015, the volume of output of civil and dual-use products and services should increase by another 1.5 times.
The level of government support for the defense industry indicates that the portfolio of orders in the development and production of military equipment will increase. In the coming years, Russian military enterprises will receive up to 3 trillion. rubles for modernization and technical re-equipment. This is exactly the amount included in the Federal Target Program for the Development of the Defense-Industrial Complex for 2011-2020 (FTP-2020).
The main objective of the program is to ensure the production of high-tech military products that are competitive in their combat and operational characteristics. At the same time, in 2011, Russia adopted the State Armament Program until 2020 (GPV-2020), unprecedented in terms of funding (approximately 20 trillion rubles) and the nature of its tasks. The largest state program in the history of modern Russia in the defense industry is designed to equip Russian army modern means of warfare and, ultimately, bring it to a new look, fully consistent with global trends in the development of means of armed warfare.
To summarize, we can conclude that the situation at enterprises of the domestic defense industry is gradually improving. The industry has emerged from a protracted crisis, new types of weapons are being developed and launched into series, and exports of Russian military hardware are growing. The state fully fulfills its obligations to defense enterprises, which are financed in full from the funds allocated in the federal budget. As part of the program for the accelerated development of the defense industry, a large-scale reconstruction of fixed assets and modernization of the production and technological base are being carried out.
Increase in the volume of procurement of military equipment, in accordance with the State Program of Defense 2020, improvement of the placement of state orders and pricing for military products, implementation of the Federal Target Program 2020 in full, implementation of programs for the innovative development of defense industry companies and product policy for the production of competitive civilian equipment, as well as the implementation of measures By vocational training and retention of personnel in the defense industry make it possible to predict in the future the sustainable pace of development of the defense complex of the Russian Federation.
References:
1.Annual report JSC "VPK "NPO Mashinostroeniya" for 2012. - [ Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://www.npomash.ru/download/godotchet2012.pdf. (date of access: 09/25/13).
2.Dovguchits S.I. On the development of the situation in the defense industry in 2011, the main areas of activity and tasks for the near future // Collection. Defense complex of the Russian Federation: state and development prospects. pp. 213-224.
3.Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://www.minpromtorg.gov.ru/docs/mpt/orders/647. (access date 09.25.13).
The military-industrial complex (abbreviated as MIC) is a part of the state's industry that produces military equipment and is aimed at R&D in the defense sector. The formation of the military-industrial complex took place in the second half of the 20th century. The main prerequisites for its formation were the increase in the scale of military operations and the expansion of the armed forces.
At that time, the best results were demonstrated by the military-industrial complex Soviet Union, America, Great Britain, Italy and the Warsaw Pact Organizations (WTO).
Due to the transition from battles to peaceful political dialogue between the warring parties, and then the split of the USSR and the Department of Internal Affairs, the number of weapons and armed forces produced was reduced by almost three times. Thus, since the 90s, the Russian military-industrial complex has consolidated at a sufficient level for the security of the state as a whole; there have been no noticeable ups and downs. At the beginning of 2000, it included more than two thousand enterprises, but there was no precise understanding of what the military-industrial complex was. Today, the management commission includes 18 people headed by the President of the Russian Federation - V.V. Putin. In addition, the scientific and technical council of the military-industrial complex (leader - Mikhailov Yu.M.) and the collegium of the military-industrial complex (head - Rogozin D. O, manager of the board - Borovkov I. V.) function under the commission.
Specifics of the military-industrial complex
Distinctive features of the military-industrial complex:
- the customer is always the state;
- non-standard requirements (manufacturability, capital intensity, longevity) for quality and technical properties weapons and military equipment;
- confidentiality of innovative projects;
- impossibility of enterprises entering the foreign market;
- high professionalism of the leaders of the Russian military-industrial complex;
- producers are directly dependent on each other;
- the need for a large supply of material and labor resources;
- huge scale defense enterprises.
The level of development of the Russian military-industrial complex plays a key role in maintaining the security of the entire country, and is largely responsible for the technical re-equipment of the main segments of the economy (medicine, transport, education, fuel and energy complex (FEC), social Security etc.), acts as a sign of political stability.
On what basis are military-industrial complex enterprises located?
The military-industrial complex includes enterprises that manufacture and develop necessary equipment for a successful attack, ammunition, firearms and chemical weapons.
The location of the enterprise is determined based on the following factors:
- safety;
- convenient logistics interchange;
- availability of qualified specialists and reserves of material resources;
- the city in which the enterprise is based must be closed;
- possibility of creating duplicate production.
The main principle is the safety of the location of the military-industrial complex manufacturing enterprise, taking into account the flight time of foreign missiles and aircraft, therefore enterprises and main centers are located in remote areas of Russia (Siberia or the Urals).
Branches of the military-industrial complex:
- manufacture of ammunition. For these purposes, the plant is located in the Central and Western regions of Russia;
- shooting industry (Izhevsk, Volgograd, Klimov, Nizhny Novgorod, Kovrovsk);
- nuclear production, including mining and processing of uranium ore (Zelenogorsk, Ozersk, etc.). Nuclear waste is disposed of in Snezhinsk;
- space industry (launch and production of rockets in Moscow, Samara, Omsk, Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk);
- production of military aircraft parts and their collection (Kazan, Moscow, Irkutsk, Taganrog, Saratov and other cities);
- tank industry (Volgograd, Arzamas);
- military shipbuilding (Komsomolsk-on-Amur and other closed cities).
In total, the complex includes more than a thousand enterprises throughout Russia, each of which is particularly secretive. The military-industrial complex includes factories, research centers, design bureaus and testing grounds.
Russian government agents
As of 2020, the structure of the Russian military-industrial complex includes five state agents:
- RACE. Operates in the field of electronics industry (radio industry and other communications);
- RAV. Works in the arms industry;
- "Rossudostroenie". Deals with military vessels;
- CANCER. Enterprise associated with the aviation industry;
- "Rosboepripasy". A specialized agency that produces ammunition and chemical weapons.
Each of the functioning agencies is included in the government and oversees the defense industries.
How is the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation being revived and what are the development prospects?
After several years of improvement and restructuring production process Russia began to demonstrate positive results and take an active part in the implementation of innovative projects. The renewal of the Russian military-industrial complex is taking place on the basis of the state’s largest corporation in the field of production and sale of military equipment and weapons - Rostec. Today the corporation includes more than 660 small enterprises throughout the Russian Federation, employing almost half a million people. Most political observers regard such an act as copying the industrial model of development of the USSR. If we analyze in more depth, we can see that Russian government adheres to a mixed position - a centralized type of planning and the formation of market relations. After Rostec entered the top 10 largest enterprises in the world, the head of the communications service Brovko V. confidently stated that by 2035 he plans to firmly establish himself in fifth position. In addition, the state corporation is aimed at closer partnership with Latin American countries (today 16% of exports go to this region).
The restoration of the Russian military-industrial complex is based on the experience of the 90s. The main goal of the complex is to achieve independence from imports. To achieve this, Rostec companies depend on each other by expanding production.
Problems of the military-industrial complex in Russia and the USA
It's no secret that the US economy is controlled by business sharks. In this regard, the question arises: why is so much money inverted into the military-industrial complex in the States? The economic situation leaves much to be desired, as public debt is growing exponentially. As you know, the military industry does not generate income, and due to the costs of its maintenance, there is less money left for the development of infrastructure, education and other segments of the economy. It is worth mentioning that the US military-industrial complex is the largest employer in the world (more than 3 million employees). In turn, the main problem of the Russian military-industrial complex is that the pricing system does not encourage enterprise employees to increase productivity. It is not profitable to increase production efficiency, since most of the profits go to the state budget, so standardization and regulation of average wages does not bring the expected results.
Bottom line
The military-industrial complex contributes to the development of many industries (aviation, electronics, space, science and even the banking sector). In Russia, they are actively integrating the fundamental and practical areas of innovation within the framework of the effective activities of military organizations. Due to this, the military-industrial complex is fully functioning and developing successfully. In addition, efforts are being made to ensure that the military-industrial complex produces ideal products that meet investment expectations. It is obvious that given the current situation in the military-industrial complex, the prospect for a wonderful future and a successful present undoubtedly exists. The government is continuously reorganizing work so that defense enterprises can function as efficiently and effectively as possible.
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The sphere of technology has always been the engine of progress and development of society. In this article we will look at the system of the military-industrial complex, its impact on the Russian economy, structure and other important points.
First of all, new technologies appear in military industry. Modern computers, advanced instruments and other equipment have been fully funded by the state for many years. Subsequently, the development companies were able to diversify their technologies for civil society. Russian Federation is no exception in this matter, just like its predecessor the USSR. A well-known fact: cigarettes in the USSR were the same diameter as gun cartridges. This trend led to an increase in the size of purchases in the military-industrial complex, after which enterprises were able to significantly expand the scope of their activities.
The development of the peaceful atom in general is the merit of the technology race in creating the atomic bomb. Defense technologies are still at the forefront of science.
What is OPK?
The defense industrial complex is a collection of enterprises and institutions that specialize in the production and development of equipment and military equipment.
Structure of the defense industry:
- research centers whose main task is theoretical research;
- design bureaus - create mock-ups and test samples based on the submitted documentation of the above-described institutions;
- laboratories and testing grounds that are designed to test new developments;
- enterprises engaged in the wide production of tested and approved samples.
Highlights of the military-industrial complex
- Boundaries for placing objects. As a rule, all such enterprises and institutions are located far from the central regions of the state. Such measures are necessary for the safety of ordinary citizens and maintaining confidentiality.
- Rule of secrecy. All important objects are always well guarded; the cities in which they are located do not even appear on the map. They have no name and are simply numbered with a serial number.
- Enterprises that are part of the Russian military-industrial complex necessarily have backups located chaotically in different parts of the country.
Defense industry specialization
- Construction complex: production of concrete slabs, floors and other materials.
- Chemical industry: the production of reagents, toxic substances that, for example, can be sprayed into the air, hitting the enemy at a long distance.
- MShK: supplies missiles, ships, cars, aircraft and armored vehicles, produces communications equipment, etc.
- FEC: engaged in the production of nuclear fuel.
- Light industry: uniform tailoring, production different types technical fabrics.
complex of Russia
We list several strategically important enterprises:
- Plant named after M.L. Mil, specializing in the production of helicopters, located in the Moscow region.
- PKO "Heat Exchanger" is located in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
- Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering, built in Klimovsk.
- NPP "Rubin", operates in Penza.
- STC "Plant Leninets", located in St. Petersburg.
A breakthrough in artificial intelligence technology
It would seem that just recently, transcendental artificial intelligence technologies were used only in modern developments by the world's leading engineers in the field of targeting and identifying targets. Innovative discoveries of institutions of the military-industrial complex made it possible to create special apparatus to increase the mass of the cargo carried and to facilitate the movement of soldiers - an exoskeleton. A similar technology has been used for several years to restore patients who are unable to walk and move without assistance. The exoskeleton is an advanced development in most countries of the world in the field of defense technology. Its use will significantly increase the abilities of the human body.
Discoveries in the field of microelectronics
Developments in the field of microelectronics have long been the prerogative of defense companies around the world. Many secret devices saw the light of day as civilian products many years after their invention. Motion sensors used in so popular today smart homes, have long been the basis of the defense capabilities of many countries. They were used to protect borders from intruders and promptly respond to state border crossings. And now such sensors are used on modern technology to detect approaching objects. It is worth noting that this equipment can be used both in the military and consumer spheres.
Unmanned Drones: A Brief Introduction
Unmanned drones - the basis modern intelligence military actions. They are intended for exploring the area. High-quality images and information obtained almost instantly allow you to calculate and determine the exact location of the enemy and their infrastructure structures.
For some time now, unmanned devices have been used in civilian industries. An example would be shooting entertainment events or celebrations from a bird's eye view, as well as geodetic surveying of the area, etc.
Purpose and application of military-industrial complex in the civilian sphere
Developments within the military-industrial complex make it possible to simplify the difficult task of researchers, archaeologists, and historians. Deep-sea vehicles originally designed to help submarines, demining water areas and other similar activities, are now used to explore the depths of the sea and search for new varieties of living creatures at depths that scientists could not reach before.
In conclusion, we can say that defense technologies have been the engine of progress throughout the existence of mankind. Many activities that were previously intended for attack or defense have become firmly established in everyday life.
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