General provisions
Currently, the population of this huge country provides itself with food on its own. In terms of production scale, Chinese agriculture is considered one of the largest in the world. The large territory and varied climatic conditions made it possible to create an effective complex of agrotechnical systems. According to international rating agencies, more than fifty types of grain crops are grown here. The cultivation of vegetables and fruits is widespread. The number of garden crops is more than 80 items. And more than sixty types of fruits are grown in the gardens.
Geographical features
Vegetables and fruits are exported in large quantities. Since Chinese agriculture is designed to solve the most important problems, regional specialization is widely developed here. Thus, in the subtropical regions of China, oranges, tangerines, pineapples and other types of fruits are grown. In the western regions, in Tibet, the population is engaged in animal husbandry. Large plants are grown here cattle, sheep, goats and horses. The lands of the northern provinces are used for growing wheat, corn and soybeans. On the North China Plain, grains, oilseeds and tobacco are harvested twice a year.
Agriculture structure
Major share in total volume Agricultural products are occupied by crop production. The main food crops are rice, wheat and corn. You can add kaoliang, millet and soybeans to them. Agriculture China has traditionally focused on rice cultivation. More than twenty percent of the sown area is allocated for its cultivation. Experts have calculated that over the entire history of its cultivation, more than ten thousand varieties of this crop have been bred here. The established regional types of agriculture make it possible to grow industrial crops in large volumes. The first place in this list is occupied by cotton.
Agro-industrial complex
Throughout the history of the state, Chinese agriculture has developed in conditions of scarcity of farmland. To solve the food problem, it was necessary to switch to intensive methods of farming. Introduce new technologies for land cultivation and carry out its reclamation. These goals can only be achieved with the help of processing technology and mineral fertilizers. In a short period, more than ten urea production plants were built and put into operation throughout the country. These measures led to the fact that the yield of all fields was increased several times.
Conclusion
In addition to increased yields, China has become the largest exporter of nitrogen fertilizers. As a result of the increase in field productivity, livestock farming began to develop. Pork production almost doubled in a short period. In this context, it should be noted that labor resources in agriculture have become more qualified. Currently, the hoe has been replaced by a tractor. Increasing labor productivity in the agricultural sector is considered an important government task. First of all, this is due to the growth of the industrial sector of the economy. A significant amount of financial resources is spent on improving this area.
For a long time, China was a mysterious country and only a few decades ago they started talking about it seriously. The People's Republic of China is a country with a huge area. In terms of territory size, China ranks third. The state has direct access to the Pacific Ocean, which allows it to successfully export its products throughout the world. Its territory includes desert and mountains. He owns 3400 islands different sizes. It is famous all over the world for its culture, cuisine, and industry.
Population
For a long time, the population of the People's Republic of China has been growing rapidly. Today the country has more than one billion three hundred thousand inhabitants. The age category of the country is middle-aged people. This trend is due to the law of the country, which states that there should be only one child in one family. China is a country where urbanization is leading. For lately urban areas expanded significantly, while the rural population decreased several times. This trend is due to the rapid development of industrial facilities in large cities, which require workers.
The country's leadership is concerned about the rapid rate of increase in the population, which is why for several decades in a row the rule has been in force that a full-fledged family can only have one child. The exception is rural areas. This law does not apply to the country's ethnic minorities. But no matter how hard Chinese officials try to stabilize the birth rate, statistical data indicate population growth. This trend will continue in the future. The Chinese are a religious people. Most of them profess Buddhism. But official data show that there are more than 20 million Muslims, 10 million Catholics, and 12 million Protestants in China. The Chinese speak many languages, but everyone speaks the so-called standard Chinese language.
Industry of China
China has the world's largest number industrial enterprises. These are heavy industry enterprises that employ more than 3/5 of the country's working population. The People's Republic of China is widely introducing the latest world technologies into industry. The country pays special attention to new products. This helps it to be one of the most developed countries in the world. WITH special attention here refer to saving energy resources.
Most of the industry controlled by the state is located in the most major cities. This is what contributes to the process of urbanization. Residents strive for new technologies, changing countryside to a noisy city.
Main industries
The energy industry is particularly developed in China. Coal mining and oil production of varying quality occupy leading positions. The country has more than 100 large coal mining enterprises on its balance sheet. Gas is produced in small quantities.
The metallurgical industry is working at full capacity, but its own production cannot meet the needs of the industry. China has deposits of tungsten, manganese and other raw materials used to make long steel.
Mechanical engineering is also developed at a special level. The country specializes in the production of machine tools and various equipment, heavy vehicles. Special significance have enterprises that specialize in the production of cars. This type of mechanical engineering is growing at a rapid pace.
Over the past decades, China has taken a leading position in the niche of microelectronics and electronic technologies due to the huge number of both small and large enterprises for assembling a wide variety of electronic devices, exported throughout the world.
Products of enterprises chemical industry is in demand all over the world. China produces mineral fertilizers for the whole world.
But the most popular industry in China is considered to be light industry. This is where the majority of workers are employed. This is the most economically profitable industry in the country. Absolutely all areas are developed here, but especially the textile and food industries.
Agriculture in China
In the People's Republic of China, agriculture is of great importance, especially the cultivation of a wide variety of crops. The country occupies a leading position in the world in the number of types of crops grown: 50 field species, 80 vegetable species and 60 garden species. More than half of the country's population is employed in agricultural work.
The PRC specializes in growing grain crops, especially rice. This crop is grown throughout the country. But wheat cultivation is not far behind. China is located in different climatic zones, due to which a wide variety of agricultural crops are grown. The cultivation of tea and tobacco, cotton, and sugar cane is very developed. The country also grows fruit crops and vegetables in large quantities.
Breeding animals, birds and fish
Livestock farming in the country depends on the food supply, and these are pastures. That is why cattle breeding and pig breeding are developed here. Animals are raised in a nomadic way. Breeding cattle and poultry also occupies a special place in agriculture.
China is the world leader in aquatic products. The country uses rice fields for fish farming. Unique technology and a favorable climate allow you to study in one place different types agriculture. But recently, China has also begun to use natural sea shallows, which have been transformed into “farms” for raising various marine inhabitants.
China is a very interesting country with a rich culture and its own traditions. The population of the People's Republic of China is very hardworking. Competent policy, a huge number labor resources allowed the state to become a leader in the world in many sectors.
First district It covers almost the entire Northeast and territorially corresponds primarily to the vast Songliao (Manchurian) plain with fertile chernozem-like soils and forest-steppe landscapes. This is one of the main breadbaskets of the country with crops of spring wheat and kaoliang - a variety of sorghum that was known in China back in the 12th century. This area also includes part of Northern China.
Second district has a grain-growing-cotton-growing specialization. Its core is the Great Chinese Plain (North China Plain). The perfectly flat surface of this plain, formed by sediment from the Yellow River and other rivers that now flow above its level in embanked channels, is a typical anthropogenic agricultural landscape, almost completely cultivated. This is the country's main area for the cultivation of winter wheat and cotton, second only to the northeastern area for the cultivation of soybeans, which have been cultivated here for thousands of years. Agriculture on the Great Chinese Plain, with its subtropical monsoon climate characterized by fairly cold and dry winters, is carried out using artificial irrigation. Therefore, the waters of the Yellow River, Huaihe, and the Grand Canal, which crosses the plain in the meridional direction, are widely used for this purpose.
Rice. 104.
yellow China.
Third district has a clearly defined rice-growing specialization. It occupies mainly that part Eastern China, which is located in the Yangtze basin. Its northern border is usually drawn along the Qinling ridge, which rises to a height of up to 4000 m and is an important climatic divide, and further east along the river. Huaihe. Its southern border is formed by the Nanling ridge, separating the Yangtze and Xijiang basins. The climate in the area is subtropical, monsoon. Due to the predominance of hilly terrain, the area of plowed land here is generally not as large as in the North China Plain, but the lands adjacent to the Yangtze Valley are almost completely plowed.
In various directions they are furrowed by canals, which are used for navigation, irrigation, fishing and serve as reservoirs during flood waters.
Sugar cane, tea, tobacco, and citrus fruits are also grown here. The name was established for the entire region of the Yangtze basin and Sichuan greenChina.
Fourth district covers the tropical part of southern China, located south of the Nanling Ridge. This is an area of typical monsoon climate, distribution of yellow soils and red soils. For the river basin Xijiang, the coast of the South China Sea and about. Hainan is characterized by the landscapes of the humid tropics. The main grain crop here is rice, which produces two or even three harvests per year. The area also supplies a variety of tropical and subtropical fruits.
Fifth District dry China.
Finally, sixth district specializes in transhumance livestock farming, in which livestock graze on high mountain pastures in summer and in valleys in winter. Geographically, it basically coincides with the world's most extensive Tibetan Plateau, the surface of which is formed by high-mountain, mainly gravelly deserts and semi-deserts. It is no coincidence that this area is called high China or cold China.
According to climate modeling, by 2030 average annual temperatures compared to today will increase by 0.88 °C, by 2050 - by 1.4, and in 2100 - by 2.9 °C. These climate changes will also have their own regional characteristics. Most likely to benefit from warming
Publication date: 2014-10-25; Read: 1474 | Page copyright infringement
Agriculture continues to play a very important role in China's economy, employing 60.2% of the population.
Crop production is mainly focused on grain and green tea. The main agricultural regions of the country are located in Eastern and Northeastern China.
Farmland accounts for 52% of the total territory of China, 2/5 of arable land requires irrigation. The northern half of China is occupied by the so-called “yellow China”, with a predominance of wheat, kaoliang, corn, millet, and radishes.
In the structure of sown lands, 77% are grain crops. The southern half of China is occupied by “green China”, the specialization of which is determined primarily by rice crops - 20%. Rice, wheat, corn make up 80% of the total grain harvest (500 million).
t in 2000). About 180 million tons of rice are harvested in China every year. In the southern regions of China, rice is harvested two, even three times a year. Industrial crops occupy about 1/6 of the sown area.
China ranks first in the world in cotton harvesting (4 million tons per year); jute, hemp, and kenaf are also grown. Important sugar crops are sugar cane (50 million tons per year) and sugar beets.
The main oilseed crops in China are soybeans, peanuts, rapeseed, and sesame.
China ranks second in the world (after India) in tea production (580 thousand tons per year), and tobacco is grown. More than a hundred types of different vegetables are grown in China: potatoes, sweet potatoes, radishes, carrots, etc.
In the northwest, in “dry China,” the predominant type of economy is extensive nomadic and semi-nomadic cattle breeding. In the southwest, in “cold China” (Tibet), agriculture is generally poorly developed.
Specialization of Chinese agriculture Wikipedia
Search the site:
six agricultural areas.
First district can be called predominantly grain-growing.
It covers almost the entire Northeast and territorially corresponds primarily to the vast Songliao (Manchurian) plain with fertile chernozem-like soils and forest-steppe landscapes. This is one of the main breadbaskets of the country with crops of spring wheat and kaoliang - a variety of sorghum that was known in China back in the 12th century.
This area also includes part of Northern China.
Second district has a grain-growing-cotton-growing specialization. Its core is the Great Chinese Plain (North China Plain).
The perfectly flat surface of this plain, formed by sediment from the Yellow River and other rivers that now flow above its level in embanked channels, is a typical anthropogenic agricultural landscape, almost completely cultivated. This is the country's main area for the cultivation of winter wheat and cotton, second only to the northeastern area for the cultivation of soybeans, which have been cultivated here for thousands of years.
Agriculture on the Great Chinese Plain, with its subtropical monsoon climate characterized by fairly cold and dry winters, is carried out using artificial irrigation. Therefore, the waters of the Yellow River, Huaihe, and the Grand Canal, which crosses the plain in the meridional direction, are widely used for this purpose.
Its entire surface is literally dotted with large and small irrigation canals.
Rice. 104. Agricultural areas of China
In the west, the Loess Plateau, which is part of this region and located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, also adjoins the Great Chinese Plain; The thickness of the loess covers here reaches 600 m.
Its area exceeds 600 thousand km2, and 80 million people live on this territory. The main grain crop here is also winter wheat, but there are also cotton crops. The spread of loess and yellow soil led to the fact that this entire vast area was often called yellow China.
Third district has a clearly defined rice-growing specialization. It occupies mainly that part of Eastern China that is located in the Yangtze basin.
Its northern border is usually drawn along the Qinling ridge, which rises to a height of up to 4000 m and is an important climatic divide, and further east along the river. Huaihe.
Its southern border is formed by the Nanling ridge, separating the Yangtze and Xijiang basins. The climate in the area is subtropical, monsoon. Due to the predominance of hilly terrain, the area of plowed land here is generally not as large as in the North China Plain, but the lands adjacent to the Yangtze Valley are almost completely plowed.
The main area for irrigated rice cultivation is the alluvial lowlands along the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze. In various directions they are furrowed by canals, which are used for navigation, irrigation, fishing and serve as reservoirs during flood waters.
The real “rice bowls” are the basins of lakes Dongting and Poyang. South of the Yangtze there are usually two rice crops per year. In addition to rice, wheat, cotton, various legumes and oilseeds are also cultivated here. And the famous tea plantations are located on the hillsides, mainly south of the Yangtze Valley.
A special role in the west of this region is played by the province of Sichuan, with its center in the city.
Chengdu. And not only because it is one of the largest provinces in China by population. But also because it occupies a rather isolated Sichuan basin, fenced off by mountains, also called the Red Basin due to the distribution of red soils. Hot, humid summers and warm winters ensure year-round plant growth here.
In Sichuan (this word translated means “four rivers”) almost all agricultural crops known in China are grown, and it is no coincidence that the figurative name Tianfu zhi guo – the Land of Heavenly Abundance – has long been assigned to it. The most remarkable feature of its cultural landscape are the artificial terraces that encircle the slopes of hills and mountains in narrow ribbons.
This is one of the breadbaskets of the country, where, with artificial irrigation, two or three crops of rice, wheat, and vegetables are harvested per year. Sugar cane, tea, tobacco, and citrus fruits are also cultivated here.
The name was established for the entire region of the Yangtze basin and Sichuan greenChina.
Fourth district covers the tropical part of southern China, located south of the Nanling Ridge. This is an area of typical monsoon climate, distribution of yellow soils and red soils. For the river basin Xijiang, the coast of the South China Sea and about. Hainan is characterized by the landscapes of the humid tropics. The main grain crop here is rice, which produces two or even three harvests per year. The area also supplies a variety of tropical and subtropical fruits.
The main industrial crop is sugar cane.
Fifth District has a specialization in pasture husbandry and covers the steppe, desert and semi-desert zones of Northwestern China and Inner Mongolia. Agriculture here is carried out only in oases located in the Dzungarian and Kashgar basins. This is the so-called dry China.
Finally, sixth district specializes in transhumance livestock farming, in which livestock graze on high mountain pastures in summer and in valleys in winter.
Geographically, it basically coincides with the world's most extensive Tibetan Plateau, the surface of which is formed by high-mountain, mainly gravelly deserts and semi-deserts. It is no coincidence that this area is called high China or cold China. The main food crop here is the local frost-resistant qingke barley. And spring wheat crops reach an altitude of 4000 m.
Recently, much attention has been paid in China to forecasts of the possible consequences of global warming for the country’s agriculture.
According to climate modeling, by 2030 average annual temperatures compared to today will increase by 0.88 °C, by 2050 - by 1.4, and in 2100 - by 2.9 °C.
57. Agricultural areas of China
These climate changes will also have their own regional characteristics. Most likely to benefit from warming
Northeast, where the growing season and crop yields will increase. Precipitation will increase slightly in the arid Northwest.
The northern border of the three harvests will move further north - from the Yangtze Valley to the Yellow River Valley. But at the same time, in many areas of the country, the shortage of water resources will increase, which will only be partially compensated by the melting of glaciers in Tibet, which feed many rivers.
Date of publication: 2014-10-25; Read: 1477 | Page copyright infringement
studopedia.org - Studopedia.Org - 2014-2018 (0.001 s)…
57. Agricultural areas of China
China is known as one of the world's main producers of agricultural products (Table 37). For geography, the study of this industry using the example of such a huge country as China is especially interesting from the standpoint of highlighting internal differences and agricultural zoning. Acquaintance with the relevant sources shows that such zoning can be more fragmented and more generalized. In the second case, it is usually distinguished six agricultural areas.
The first region can be called predominantly grain-growing.
It covers almost the entire Northeast and territorially corresponds primarily to the vast Songliao (Manchurian) plain with fertile chernozem-like soils and forest-steppe landscapes.
This is one of the main breadbaskets of the country with crops of spring wheat and kaoliang - a variety of sorghum that was known in China back in the 12th century. This area also includes part of Northern China.
The second region has a grain-growing, cotton-growing specialization. Its core is the Great Chinese Plain (North China Plain).
The perfectly flat surface of this plain, formed by sediment from the Yellow River and other rivers that now flow above its level in embanked channels, is a typical anthropogenic agricultural landscape, almost completely cultivated.
This is the country's main area for the cultivation of winter wheat and cotton, second only to the northeastern area for the cultivation of soybeans, which have been cultivated here for thousands of years. Agriculture on the Great Chinese Plain, with its subtropical monsoon climate characterized by fairly cold and dry winters, is carried out using artificial irrigation. Therefore, the waters of the Yellow River, Huaihe, and the Grand Canal, which crosses the plain in the meridional direction, are widely used for this purpose.
Its entire surface is literally dotted with large and small irrigation canals.
In the west, the Loess Plateau, which is part of this region and located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, also adjoins the Great Chinese Plain; The thickness of the loess covers here reaches 600 m. Its area exceeds 600 thousand km2, and 80 million people live in this territory. The main grain crop here is also winter wheat, but there are also cotton crops.
The spread of loess and yellow soils led to the fact that this entire vast region was often called yellow China.
The third region has a clearly defined rice-growing specialization. It occupies mainly that part of Eastern China that is located in the Yangtze basin. Its northern border is usually drawn along the Qinling ridge, which rises to a height of up to 4000 m and is an important climatic divide, and further east along the river.
Huaihe. Its southern border is formed by the Nanling ridge, separating the Yangtze and Xijiang basins. The climate in the area is subtropical, monsoon. Due to the predominance of hilly terrain, the area of plowed land here is generally not as large as in the North China Plain, but the lands adjacent to the Yangtze Valley are almost completely plowed.
The main area for irrigated rice cultivation is the alluvial lowlands along the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze.
In various directions they are furrowed by canals, which are used for navigation, irrigation, fishing and serve as reservoirs during flood waters. The real “rice bowls” are the basins of lakes Dongting and Poyang. South of the Yangtze there are usually two rice crops per year. In addition to rice, wheat, cotton, various legumes and oilseeds are also cultivated here.
And the famous tea plantations are located on the hillsides, mainly south of the Yangtze Valley.
The province of Sichuan, with its center in Chengdu, plays a special role in the west of this region. And not only because it is one of the largest provinces in China by population. But also because it occupies a rather isolated Sichuan basin, fenced off by mountains, also called the Red Basin due to the distribution of red soils.
Hot, humid summers and warm winters ensure year-round plant growth here. In Sichuan (this word translated means “four rivers”) almost all agricultural crops known in China are grown, and it is no coincidence that the figurative name Tianfu zhi guo – the Land of Heavenly Abundance – has long been assigned to it. The most remarkable feature of its cultural landscape are the artificial terraces that encircle the slopes of hills and mountains in narrow ribbons.
This is one of the breadbaskets of the country, where, with artificial irrigation, two or three crops of rice, wheat, and vegetables are harvested per year.
Sugar cane, tea, tobacco, and citrus fruits are also cultivated here. The entire region of the Yangtze basin and Sichuan was given the name green China.
The fourth region covers the tropical part of southern China, located south of the Nanling Ridge. This is an area of typical monsoon climate, distribution of yellow soils and red soils. For the river basin Xijiang, the coast of the South China Sea and about. Hainan is characterized by the landscapes of the humid tropics. The main grain crop here is rice, which produces two or even three harvests per year.
The area also supplies a variety of tropical and subtropical fruits.
Industry and Agriculture of China
The main industrial crop is sugar cane.
The fifth region specializes in grazing livestock and covers the steppes, deserts and semi-deserts of Northwestern China and Inner Mongolia. Agriculture here is carried out only in oases located in the Dzungarian and Kashgar basins.
This is the so-called dry China.
Finally, the sixth region specializes in transhumance livestock farming, in which livestock graze on high mountain pastures in the summer and in the valleys in the winter. Geographically, it basically coincides with the world's most extensive Tibetan Plateau, the surface of which is formed by high-mountain, mainly gravelly deserts and semi-deserts.
It is no coincidence that this area is called high China or cold China. The main food crop here is the local frost-resistant qingke barley. And spring wheat crops reach an altitude of 4000 m.
Recently, much attention has been paid in China to forecasts of the possible consequences of global warming for the country’s agriculture. According to climate modeling, by 2030 average annual temperatures compared to today will increase by 0.88 °C, by 2050
– by 1.4, and in 2100 – by 2.9 °C. These climate changes will also have their own regional characteristics. Most likely to benefit from warming
Northeast, where the growing season and crop yields will increase. Precipitation will increase slightly in the arid Northwest. The northern border of the three harvests will move further north - from the Yangtze Valley to the Yellow River Valley. But at the same time, in many areas of the country, the shortage of water resources will increase, which will only be partially compensated by the melting of glaciers in Tibet, which feed many rivers.
China is known as one of the world's main producers of agricultural products (Table 37). For geography, the study of this industry using the example of such a huge country as China is especially interesting from the standpoint of highlighting internal differences and agricultural zoning.
Acquaintance with the relevant sources shows that such zoning can be more fragmented and more generalized. In the second case, it is usually distinguished six agricultural areas.
First district can be called predominantly grain-growing.
It covers almost the entire Northeast and territorially corresponds primarily to the vast Songliao (Manchurian) plain with fertile chernozem-like soils and forest-steppe landscapes. This is one of the main breadbaskets of the country with crops of spring wheat and kaoliang - a variety of sorghum that was known in China back in the 12th century. This area also includes part of Northern China.
Second district has a grain-growing-cotton-growing specialization.
Its core is the Great Chinese Plain (North China Plain). The perfectly flat surface of this plain, formed by sediment from the Yellow River and other rivers that now flow above its level in embanked channels, is a typical anthropogenic agricultural landscape, almost completely cultivated. This is the country's main area for the cultivation of winter wheat and cotton, second only to the northeastern area for the cultivation of soybeans, which have been cultivated here for thousands of years.
Agriculture on the Great Chinese Plain, with its subtropical monsoon climate characterized by fairly cold and dry winters, is carried out using artificial irrigation.
Therefore, the waters of the Yellow River, Huaihe, and the Grand Canal, which crosses the plain in the meridional direction, are widely used for this purpose. Its entire surface is literally dotted with large and small irrigation canals.
104. Agricultural areas of China
In the west, the Loess Plateau, which is part of this region and located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, also adjoins the Great Chinese Plain; The thickness of the loess covers here reaches 600 m.
Its area exceeds 600 thousand km2, and 80 million people live on this territory. The main grain crop here is also winter wheat, but there are also cotton crops. The spread of loess and yellow soil led to the fact that this entire vast area was often called yellow China.
Third district has a clearly defined rice-growing specialization.
It occupies mainly that part of Eastern China that is located in the Yangtze basin. Its northern border is usually drawn along the Qinling ridge, which rises to a height of up to 4000 m and is an important climatic divide, and further east along the river. Huaihe. Its southern border is formed by the Nanling ridge, separating the Yangtze and Xijiang basins. The climate in the area is subtropical, monsoon. Due to the predominance of hilly terrain, the area of plowed land here is generally not as large as in the North China Plain, but the lands adjacent to the Yangtze Valley are almost completely plowed.
The main area for irrigated rice cultivation is the alluvial lowlands along the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze.
In various directions they are furrowed by canals, which are used for navigation, irrigation, fishing and serve as reservoirs during flood waters.
The real “rice bowls” are the basins of lakes Dongting and Poyang. South of the Yangtze there are usually two rice crops per year. In addition to rice, wheat, cotton, various legumes and oilseeds are also cultivated here. And the famous tea plantations are located on the hillsides, mainly south of the Yangtze Valley.
A special role in the west of this region is played by the province of Sichuan, with its center in the city.
Chengdu. And not only because it is one of the largest provinces in China by population. But also because it occupies a rather isolated Sichuan basin, fenced off by mountains, also called the Red Basin due to the distribution of red soils. Hot, humid summers and warm winters ensure year-round plant growth here. In Sichuan (this word translated means “four rivers”) almost all agricultural crops known in China are grown, and it is no coincidence that the figurative name Tianfu zhi guo – the Land of Heavenly Abundance – has long been assigned to it.
The most remarkable feature of its cultural landscape are the artificial terraces that encircle the slopes of hills and mountains in narrow ribbons. This is one of the breadbaskets of the country, where, with artificial irrigation, two or three crops of rice, wheat, and vegetables are harvested per year.
Agriculture in China
Sugar cane, tea, tobacco, and citrus fruits are also grown here. The name was established for the entire region of the Yangtze basin and Sichuan greenChina.
Fourth district covers the tropical part of southern China, located south of the Nanling Ridge. This is an area of typical monsoon climate, distribution of yellow soils and red soils. For the river basin Xijiang, the coast of the South China Sea and about. Hainan is characterized by the landscapes of the humid tropics. The main grain crop here is rice, which produces two or even three harvests per year.
The area also supplies a variety of tropical and subtropical fruits. The main industrial crop is sugar cane.
Fifth District has a specialization in pasture husbandry and covers the steppe, desert and semi-desert zones of Northwestern China and Inner Mongolia.
Agriculture here is carried out only in oases located in the Dzungarian and Kashgar basins. This is the so-called dry China.
Finally, sixth district specializes in transhumance livestock farming, in which livestock graze on high mountain pastures in summer and in valleys in winter. Geographically, it basically coincides with the world's most extensive Tibetan Plateau, the surface of which is formed by high-mountain, mainly gravelly deserts and semi-deserts.
It is no coincidence that this area is called high China or cold China. The main food crop here is the local frost-resistant qingke barley. And spring wheat crops reach an altitude of 4000 m.
Recently, much attention has been paid in China to forecasts of the possible consequences of global warming for the country’s agriculture.
According to climate modeling, by 2030 average annual temperatures compared to today will increase by 0.88 °C, by 2050 - by 1.4, and in 2100 - by 2.9 °C. These climate changes will also have their own regional characteristics. Most likely to benefit from warming
Northeast, where the growing season and crop yields will increase.
Precipitation will increase slightly in the arid Northwest. The northern border of the three harvests will move further north - from the Yangtze Valley to the Yellow River Valley.
But at the same time, in many areas of the country, the shortage of water resources will increase, which will only be partially compensated by the melting of glaciers in Tibet, which feed many rivers.
Date of publication: 2014-10-25; Read: 1476 | Page copyright infringement
studopedia.org - Studopedia.Org - 2014-2018 (0.002 s)…
What crop was mainly grown by the Chinese and the main areas where it was cultivated?
Answers:
In the west, the Loess Plateau, which is part of this region and located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, also adjoins the Great Chinese Plain; The thickness of the loess covers here reaches 600 m. Its area exceeds 600 thousand km2, and 80 million people live in this territory.
The main grain crop here is also winter wheat, but there are also cotton crops. The spread of loess and yellow soils led to the fact that this entire vast region was often called yellow China. The third region has a clearly defined rice-growing specialization. It occupies mainly that part of Eastern China that is located in the Yangtze basin. Its northern border is usually drawn along the Qinling ridge, which rises to a height of up to 4000 m and is an important climatic divide, and further east along the river.
Huaihe. Its southern border is formed by the Nanling ridge, separating the Yangtze and Xijiang basins. The climate in the area is subtropical, monsoon. Due to the predominance of hilly terrain, the area of plowed land here is generally not as large as in the North China Lowland, but the lands adjacent to the Yangtze Valley are almost completely plowed. The main area for irrigated rice cultivation is the alluvial lowlands along the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze. In various directions they are furrowed by canals, which are used for navigation, irrigation, fishing and serve as reservoirs during flood waters.
The real “rice bowls” are the basins of lakes Dongting and Poyang. South of the Yangtze there are usually two rice crops per year. In addition to rice, wheat, cotton, various legumes and oilseeds are also cultivated here. And the famous tea plantations are located on the slopes of the hills, mainly south of the Yangtze Valley. A special role in the west of this area is played by the province of Sichuan, with its center in the city.
Chengdu. And not only because it is one of the largest provinces in China by population. But also because it occupies a rather isolated Sichuan basin, fenced off by mountains, also called the Red Basin due to the distribution of red soils. Hot, humid summers and warm winters ensure year-round plant growth here. In Sichuan (this word translated means “four rivers”) almost all agricultural crops known in China are grown, and it is no coincidence that the figurative name Tianfu zhi guo – the Land of Heavenly Abundance – has long been assigned to it.
The most remarkable feature of its cultural landscape are the artificial terraces that encircle the slopes of hills and mountains in narrow ribbons. This is one of the breadbaskets of the country, where, with artificial irrigation, two or three crops of rice, wheat, and vegetables are harvested per year.
Sugar cane, tea, tobacco, and citrus fruits are also cultivated here. The entire region of the Yangtze basin and Sichuan has been given the name green China. The fourth region covers the tropical part of Southern China, located south of the Nanling Ridge. This is an area of typical monsoon climate, distribution of yellow soils and red soils. For the river basin Xijiang, the coast of the South China Sea and about. Hainan is characterized by the landscapes of the humid tropics. The main grain crop here is rice, which produces two or even three harvests per year.
The area also supplies a variety of tropical and subtropical fruits. Of the industrial crops, the main one is sugar cane. The fifth region specializes in grazing livestock and covers the zone of steppes, deserts and semi-deserts of Northwestern China and Inner Mongolia. Agriculture here is carried out only in oases located in the Dzungarian and Kashgar basins.
This is the so-called dry China. Finally, the sixth region specializes in transhumance livestock farming, in which livestock graze on high mountain pastures in the summer and in the valleys in the winter. Geographically, it basically coincides with the world's most extensive Tibetan Plateau, the surface of which is formed by high-mountain, mainly gravelly deserts and semi-deserts.
Mypresentation.ru
It is no coincidence that this area is called high China or cold China. The main food crop here is the local frost-resistant qingke barley.
And spring wheat crops reach an altitude of 4000 m. Recently, in China, much attention has been paid to forecasts of the possible consequences of global warming for the country’s agriculture. According to climate modeling, by 2030 average annual temperatures compared to today will increase by 0.88 °C, by 2050
– by 1.4, and in 2100 – by 2.9 °C. These climate changes will also have their own regional characteristics. The Northeast will benefit the most from warming, where the growing season and crop yields will increase.
Precipitation will increase slightly in the arid Northwest. The northern border of the three harvests will move further north - from the Yangtze Valley to the Yellow River Valley. But at the same time, in many areas of the country, the shortage of water resources will increase, which will only be partially compensated by the melting of glaciers in Tibet, which feed many rivers.
In China, it is customary to grow agricultural plants, and this is the main component of the country's crop production. Arable lands occupy more than one hundred million hectares, although this figure is gradually decreasing. Developed irrigation systems make it possible to successfully develop China's agriculture. Already at the end of the last century, farms in the Yandza River basin began to harvest two crops annually. The same thing is happening in most regions of the vast country.
Why is China's agriculture so successful? It's all about the climate, landscape and soil diversity. Agroecosystems have adapted to different conditions. IN mountainous areas and in Tibet it is good to raise cattle and animals for working in the fields. The wide northern fields are ideal for the cultivation of cereals and legumes, which are exported throughout the world. Where there is not enough water (Shanxi, Gansu), drought-resistant crops are popular, the varieties of which agronomists are constantly developing. On the plains (Shandong, Hebei) you can safely get more than two harvests; the fertile soil easily feeds grains and oilseeds.
The Yangtze River region is recognized as the most efficient place for agriculture and livestock raising. It is this place that annually gives most of gross volume of production. The provinces of Sichuan and Guadong also have a climate suitable for active farming. Even citrus fruits and pineapples can grow in the subtropics. These products are mainly exported.
History of development
In the second half of the twentieth century, agriculture in China began to actively develop. The loss of land for plowing began to be compensated by the fact that several harvests could be harvested from it per year. Over 50 years, the yield of wheat has increased 5 times, corn - 4 times, and traditionally cultivated rice has increased its performance three times.
In 1976, the use of nitrogen fertilizers began, which became available to the general population. They are still popular in China: 250 kg of fertilizer is used per hectare of crops. At the same time, the purchase of urea production plants abroad begins. Gradually, the country became a giant in the field of chemical fertilizers for agriculture.
After privatization, the land was given to families and began to be cultivated according to the principle of family contracting. Gradually, the target figures were lowered and the rental period increased.
Crop production
As for the crops grown, the Chinese are trying to bring field, vegetable and garden crops to the forefront, the variety of varieties of which reaches dozens of names.
The most common crop crop is rice. It can be cultivated throughout the vast area of China, its provinces and regions. Sometimes the crop is harvested two or three times. Wheat is in second place; it is sown in winter and spring. It can also be grown throughout the country.
In addition to the listed crops, Chinese agriculture is engaged in the cultivation of corn, barley, and millet. A popular variety of sorghum is gaoliang. Among the oilseed crops, the Chinese chose peanuts, which took root well on the eastern side. Legumes are widely represented by soybeans, peas and forage varieties. Soybeans are extremely popular among the Chinese; they have developed 1,200 varieties of this crop. Sweet potatoes, yams, and cassava are also grown.
Chinese agriculture cannot do without cotton, sugar cane and beets. A lot of tea is produced - the favorite drink of the country's population.
Livestock
China is not doing well in this area of agriculture. Meat and milk production accounts for only 20% of the total. Despite the fact that quite a lot of animals are raised (for example, almost half of the world's pig population), there is not enough production per capita.
Pig rearing is the dominant livestock industry in China. Among all the meats, the local population chooses pork in 9 out of 10 cases. Every peasant has a small subsidiary farming. However, most often the Chinese raise livestock for working in the fields. These are horses, donkeys, oxen.
Dairy products are produced in suburban farms. Goats and sheep are common in farms in the northern regions of the country; their cultivation is aimed at supplying China's light industry.
Unlike animals, birds are bred more readily. Chickens, geese, and turkeys are raised on personal plots. The suburbs are supplied with poultry meat.
Other agricultural sectors in China
Beekeeping and sericulture are very common in China. Apiaries can be found in every corner of this large country, but most of all - in the north and east. The second place in the world in the supply of beekeeping products goes to China. Mulberry and oak silkworms are grown in the south and north, respectively. This is a traditional type of farming dating back more than 4 thousand years.
Fishing is very popular in China. Fish are bred right in the rice fields; shrimp, algae and various shellfish are grown near the seas.
Loading...
