Starting capital was about $1000. It could have been more; at the beginning of your journey you can always spend more than you have (on promotion, on production, etc.). But taking out loans or borrowing funds for a start-up is a thankless task. Therefore, all capital is our personal funds. We risked our own, we are also responsible for this ourselves.
We are not even 70 days yet. But the most difficult thing was to launch by February 14th - it was important for us to do everything quickly in order to capture the big news feed for as long as possible. Now we are not in a hurry, and we are approaching our next product more carefully: we conduct surveys, tests, and attract specialists. Us this was not enough in the first month.
First month We celebrated by recording a small congratulatory video.
Our business does not have quick profits. We are now investing everything that we earned on the first product into the next one.
A good idea is not enough, you need to actively work on its implementation. The main thing is not to stop and not be afraid of transformations if they are necessary.
Do you want to open your own business at home, but don’t know what you can do with your own hands to sell? Eat good idea For quick start: making postcards to order. This niche is only 30-40% filled, so there is little competition here. You can create from 10 to 15 copies per day. If there are more orders, you can attract an assistant, for example an art college student. The profitability of the gifts and souvenirs market is about 20-25%. If you produce postcards at home and do not pay taxes, the profitability of the business will be about 80-100%.
Homemade cards – great idea for home business.
Making handmade cards as a good business idea
There are several most common ways to make homemade cards. These include:
- Scrapbooking as a home business option
A type of handicraft widely used in the design of family photo albums. The literal translation of the term is scrap book. Now this technique is used to create leporello (a postcard using the scrapbooking technique in the shape of an accordion), home-made creativity for creating house postcards, designer postcards in the form of boxes or baskets. Making custom postcards using the scrapbooking technique is made easier by having a large number of templates and interesting blanks with fastenings in the form of springs, rings, and ribbons, which are perfect if you have a standard postcard size. You can make a special blank with your own hands, using cardboard and decorative elements as raw materials.
- Quilling - business idea on postcards
A postcard made using the quilling technique is always unique. The method is based on twisting paper strips and resulting in a spiral. These designer birthday cards are not alike. You don't need to create them. serious investments. The range of products can be impressive. Bookstores readily accept them for sale. An indispensable condition for business development is perseverance, dexterity and accuracy. It is enough to buy paper of different densities and several colors, cut it into strips and fasten it with glue. This is a great souvenir and an original gift for a memorable date. Proper promotion will ensure a constant flow of orders and business profitability.
- Vitinanka as an idea for a business creating postcards
Cardmaking using the paper cutting technique is the creation of patterns and paper pictures, which are blanks for future cards. This method divides the technique according to artistic features into: openwork, silhouette, single and complex. Making postcards with your own hands can combine several methods of vitinanka. The result is products in the form of silhouette embroidery, figures of horsemen, and superimposed images. Drawn Vitinanki is a picture with a pronounced compositional structure and thematic character. The Crafts Fair willingly accepts such exhibition handmade displays for sale, so your business will quickly take off.
- Popular Iris folding for home business
It’s not difficult to make money from bright, colorful equipment. Paper is the filling for the selected silhouette of the picture and forms the image from the inside. The designer uses templates, pictures, and diagrams in his work. You can create the basis for greeting cards yourself or use proven techniques. The buyer will willingly give money for spectacular postcards self made which will look like decoration. Just like an original scrap card, a card using the iris folding technique will be an excellent solution for a portfolio. Although at first glance this type of needlework seems difficult, the iris folding technique is great for additional income and low-cost home-based business.
Materials for cardmaking business
To make cards you will need consumables, such as:
- designer paper for handmade cards
- openwork paper napkins
- buttons, small accessories
- sparkles and sequins, beads
- chipboards and die-cuts
- borders for scrapbooking
- ribbons, ropes, braid
- contour and volumetric stickers
- cameos and paper figures
You can buy materials for the business of creating handmade cards with delivery on the following sites:
- shop.delki.ru - materials for crafts
- domovitto.ru - useful accessories
- homyachok-shop.ru - goods for handicrafts
- livemaster.ru - paper
- lelekahobby.ru - blanks for postcards
Latest trends in cardmaking
Before wondering how to make money at home with your own hands, it is worth assessing fashion trends in cardmaking and starting a business producing the most popular designs. Watercolor cards are now in fashion: they are preferred by 70% of customers, they provide stable income and are a good basis for a home-based business. They are profitable in production: their cost is lower than creating postcards using the scrapbooking technique, and the manufacturing process takes less time. Excellent and profitable option will be the creation of miniature postcards using watercolor techniques and selling them in flower shops.
The chevron pattern is still popular, which is chosen by every 3rd client out of 5. The technique is a V-shaped pattern that can be used everywhere as a background.
This is very convenient if making cards with your own hands is your “home” business. A kind of template always looks original and thorough. Do-it-yourself shirt postcards are also gaining popularity, but their creation is quite labor-intensive.
Selling handmade products online
Have you made hand-drawn postcards, but don't know how to sell them? Indeed, where can you find customers who want to buy handmade cards and are willing to pay a real price for them? The answer is simple - online sales! You can easily find your buyer on the Internet. The portfolio will become the basis of your online business project. The quality of the photo will largely determine how quickly a buyer for your work will be found and how quickly the business as a whole will develop. Therefore, take beautiful staged photos, without necessarily contacting well-known photographers; find a beginner on social networks and offer to make a portfolio for little money and a link to it on your online resource.
A designer product will definitely attract its buyer. But making a sample is half the battle; you also need to tell potential clients about it. The easiest way to do this is through your virtual trading platform on the web. It is enough to post photographs of the assortment in an online store of handmade cards and your original work will be seen by millions of users, but its creation and promotion requires serious financial investments.
Making postcards with your own hands: ways to sell goods
Basic ways to sell postcards:
- own website on this topic on the Internet
- services for the sale of handmade products, for example, Crafts Fair
- various social media
- beauty salons and spa centers
- flower shops and mini-markets for stationery
- custom publishing houses
- shops selling handmade products
Examples of services for selling postcards include: b:
- livemaster.ru – Masters Fair
- tut-pe4at.ru – DIY postcards
- top-otkrytka.ru – Top postcard
- tiu.ru – Your own postcard business store on Tiu
- uckytoys.ru – Service for selling handmade goods
- magazin-masterov.ru – Shop of masters
The most suitable and effective way to find buyers on the Internet is to sell goods through social networks and blogs.
Having your own online store is both expensive and makes no sense at the first stage; it would be much more cost-effective and correct to start promoting your business through social networks. In Odnoklassniki and Contact, sales are built through groups and personal pages. On Instagram you can publish new crafts and talk about your small business subscribers. Run promotions to attract followers by encouraging posts and likes. Come up with unusual idea, for example, portrait cards. Come up with a story for your brand, make a logo, simple, with a sincere slogan. Unusual things, with history, made by hand will always be in demand. Perhaps your cards will become a new trend and find particular popularity among post-crossers and bloggers. Such a business organization will not require additional costs for advertising products.
How to open, what capital is required, what needs to be purchased? These and other organizational issues for creating homemade cards.
Everyone loves and desires to own a unique and one-of-a-kind thing. Whether it's an expensive mansion on a hill, a vintage dress or an original handmade postcard. If you are thinking about working from home and decide to create cards with your own hands, women's magazine Women's Tricks will help and tell you about the intricacies and features of this business.
Business idea from scratch: Why postcards?
Firstly, there are at least 5 reasons a year to give your dear and loved ones a pleasant gift. A handmade postcard will only emphasize his significance for you, because it was chosen or ordered exclusively for him, especially if the postcard is personalized.
Secondly, affordable pricing policy. On average, the cost of handmade cards varies from 50-3000 rubles, depending on the complexity of execution and decor.
Thirdly, an individual approach. You know your friend is crazy about orange roses, so order a card with petals, buds or a picture of a huge basket of these flowers. In addition to exclusive design, you can order a special text of congratulations, after reading which it will be immediately clear that it was you who created it, and did not choose the first verse that came across in the catalog of congratulations.
Fourthly. Quality and uniqueness. Many craftsmen work exclusively with environmentally friendly natural materials. If a person is allergic to chemical elements or he is a supporter of everything natural, such a card will be an incredibly pleasant gift!
Who is this type of business suitable for?
Undoubtedly, creative, creative and extraordinary people. The more interesting your idea is, the greater the chances of successful business development.
In addition to creativity and endless inspiration, you should have at least 4-7 free hours a week.
And also be diligent, patient, responsible and ready for monotonous work of the same type, for example, when ordering a large order of one type of postcard.
What do you need?
It is necessary to purchase materials for creating cards with your own hands - scrap paper and decorative elements. At first, you can use printer printing, embroidery and decor in the form of rhinestones, beads, ribbons, polymer clay, feathers, etc. Then switch to a more expensive type of decoration - real flowers, sweets, Swarovski stones, pearls, etc.
Sales
One of the most important and problematic aspects of the development of any type of business. Be sure to register and create special groups on social networks, forums and websites.
Participate in exhibitions, fairs, especially special events in preparation for the wedding celebration.
Agree with wedding and flower salons about the partnership. They offer your product to customers and receive a certain percentage of the sale.
Submit advertisements for the production of exclusive handmade cards.
But for any of the above options, you will need to create a portfolio. This will be the most important and decisive factor in ordering postcards from you.
Profitability
If you create many different postcard layouts (portfolios) and work to order, then at first you will only need 2000-5000 rubles to purchase primary material.
On average, the cost of one postcard varies from $5-10. Let's calculate the profit based on the minimum cost of $5 and sales of 200 postcards per month.
So: 200*5$=1000$
We calculate the cost of purchasing material and decor, this is approximately $2 per postcard:
Total net profit per month from 200 postcards: 1000$-400$=600$
And this is far from the limit if you constantly expand your range and look for new sales channels!
Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation
State educational institution of higher professional education
"Vyatka State Humanitarian University"
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of Publishing and Editing
BUSINESS PLAN
Organization of postcard production
Kirov
business plan postcard
1. MEMORANDUM OF CONFIDENTIALITY
INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENTERPRISE
SELECTION OF ACTIVITY
MARKETING PLAN
PRODUCTION PLAN
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
FINANCIAL PLAN AND BUDGET OF THE ENTERPRISE
RISK ANALYSIS
APPENDIX 1
1. MEMORANDUM OF CONFIDENTIALITY
This business plan is submitted for consideration on a confidential basis and cannot be used for copying or any other purposes, nor transferred to third parties. Those who become familiar with the business plan take responsibility and guarantee the non-distribution of the information contained in it. The information presented in this document is a trade secret and the property of the authors of the business plan.
2. SUMMARY
This project created with the aim of organizing the production of greeting cards, including individual ones, i.e. designed in advance for a specific person.
The production of postcards provides great opportunities for the creative potential of designers, so the advantage of postcards is their originality, even uniqueness.
Retail sales of postcards are planned using social networks for pre-orders and advertising.
Potential consumers are high school students, students and other buyers who need postcards. The goods we produce are affordable to most of the target audience. The price ranges from 15-40 rubles for simple postcards to 50-100 for individual postcards that are more complex in form and content.
The organizational and legal form of the enterprise is an individual entrepreneur and 1 hired worker, who have distributed everything among themselves labor functions. The work is done by them at home. The taxation system is simplified with a tax base of “income minus expenses.” Personnel requirements - higher education, high level of PC proficiency, computer layout and editing skills.
The retail price of one simple postcard is 15-40 rubles, individual - 100-150 rubles.
Costs for fixed assets will amount to 79,795.26 rubles. The total cost of organizing production will be 81,012.46 rubles. Maximum term production payback 1.9 years.
The product is promising for modernization, as well as for reorienting production to other printed products and for expanding the range.
3. INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
Information about competitors:
There are enough companies and shops in Kirov that sell various postcards. Postcards are sold in the chain stores “Ulysses”, “Bumaga”, “Pero”, as well as in supermarkets, for example, “Globus”, “Semya”, flower shops. For example, “Felicia” sells individual postcards, but they only have external design, the internal remains empty. But mostly stores sell standard postcards.
We offer individual cards for each person. These are postcards such as postcard books, clamshells with three-dimensional elements, a standard version is possible, but with excellent internal content, focused on a specific person. Postcards are available in different formats.
We can provide a layout of the postcard and, at the client’s request, add changes and additions to the almost finished version, which only needs to be printed.
The products are high quality. Each type of postcard is presented in 1-3 copies, so buyers will not be repeated and will be able to give unique congratulations to their loved ones.
Potential clients and their capabilities:
Potential consumers are high school students, students and other buyers who need postcards.
Our cards cover a wide range of holidays (Birthday, Angel's Day, Happy Wedding Day; New Year, February 23, March 8, Victory Day, September 1, Teacher's Day, etc.), and upon the buyer's request, we can make a postcard for any other holiday.
To get acquainted with our products, we have made several original postcards.
To study the requests of potential buyers, a survey was conducted. A sample questionnaire is presented in Appendix 1.
Mostly, buyers prefer to buy standard postcards at a price of 15 to 40 rubles, 1/4 of respondents can buy at a price of 50-100 rubles. In terms of internal content, buyers prefer postcards with text, but not always poetry; 1/5 of clients choose postcards without text content. Most potential clients buy postcards 1-2 times a year or according to their mood, 1/3 of buyers can purchase postcards 3-5 times a year.
The preferred average price for individual postcards is 50-100 rubles, but 1/3 of buyers are willing to buy a postcard for 101-150 rubles. The price depends on the printing design, internal content, number of pages and additional decorations.
Fixed assets:
Table 1. Fixed assets of the enterprise
Fixed assets Quantity, in units Price, in rubles 1. Equipment1.1. Computer with Pentium 4 processor (+ accessories) 1366961.2. Canon printer iX7000 (+CISS+Photo ink set (6*130 ml))115127 + 1749 + 1194 = 18070 1.3. Booklet Maker GMP WireMac1174431.4. Roller cutter RC 260116071.5. Bookbinder OPUS Bingo13055.52. Software2.1. Microsoft Windows XP Professional 112002.2. InDesign CS5.5 Master Collection1953,072.4. Corel Draw GRAPHICS Suite X31770.69Total:RUB 79,795.26
Raw material base:
1.Matte paper Privision A4, 120 gr., 100 l. (economy packaging) - 160 rub. 2.Matte paper Privision A4, 170 gr., 50 l. - 135 rub. .Matte paper Privision 10x15, 180 g., 50 l. - 35 rub. .Matte paper Privision A4, 230 gr., 50 l. - 160 rub. .Glossy paper Privision A4, 120 g., 50 l. - 180 rub. .Glossy paper Privision A4, 170 g., 50 l. (economical packaging) - 255 rub. .Glossy paper Privision A4, 230 g., 20 l. - 120 rub. Paper can be bought at the store on the street. Engelsa, 40, TC "Preobrazhensky Passage" (right wing) "Retail and small-wholesale department RDM-Privision - Kirov, Service center RDM". Official website of the company: #"justify">Paper flowers (1 package) - 139 rub. Accessories can be bought at the Igolochka store on the street. K. Marx, 42. Costs for raw materials: 1217.2 rubles. Total costs: 81,012.46 rubles. Balance: RUB 35,987.54 4. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENTERPRISE The organizational and legal form for our enterprise is an individual entrepreneur (IP). This form has a number of advantages and disadvantages. Advantages DisadvantagesSimplicity of the registration and liquidation process. Compared to registering a company, registering an individual entrepreneur is a more cost-effective procedure. Since when registering an individual entrepreneur, the state duty is 800 rubles, and when liquidating an individual entrepreneur it is only 160 rubles. At the same time, there is no need to form an authorized capital and draw up constituent documents. The individual entrepreneur is liable for his obligations with all the property belonging to him. The exception is property that, in accordance with the law, cannot be foreclosed on. However, foreclosure on this property can only be carried out in court. IP is a full-fledged business entity. An individual entrepreneur can carry out any types of economic activity not prohibited by law. The rules of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which regulate the activities of individual entrepreneurs, apply to the activities of individual entrepreneurs. legal entities, being commercial organizations, unless otherwise follows from the law, other legal acts or the essence of the legal relationship. Simplicity of accounting and reporting. An individual entrepreneur does not keep accounting records, which significantly reduces the cost of a permanent accountant. An individual entrepreneur must only take into account the indicators necessary for the correct calculation and payment of taxes to the budgets of the Russian Federation. Legal minimization of taxation. With the right choice of taxation system, an individual entrepreneur can make the payment of taxes minimal, which can become more profitable even compared to working as an employee. In this case, an individual entrepreneur can combine the status of an individual entrepreneur and an employee. The benefits for our chosen area prevail. We considered this organizational and legal form to be the most acceptable for starting activities, since it is initially intended small production with a small staff. In accordance with current legislation, state registration of individual entrepreneurs is permitted to any legally capable and adult citizen of the Russian Federation. These two conditions are met, therefore, let us turn to the procedure for registering individual entrepreneurs. In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 23 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a citizen has the right to engage in entrepreneurial activity without forming a legal entity only from the moment state registration as an individual entrepreneur. Thus, prerequisite To obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur is his state registration. Registration of individual entrepreneurs is carried out on the basis Federal Law dated 08.08.2001 No. 129-FZ “On state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs”. A package of documents is submitted to the tax authority at the place of residence - a notarized application in form P21001, a copy of an identity document, a receipt for payment of the state duty (it amounts to 800 rubles). At the same time, it is recommended to apply for the use of the simplified taxation system (STS), which is relevant for our future activities. Step-by-step instructions for registering an individual entrepreneur: step. We take the application form for registration. It can be obtained at tax office or download. step. We fill out the application. First, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the sample documents for individual entrepreneur registration; this will help to avoid mistakes when filling out the application. It must be remembered that any erasures or corrections are prohibited in the documents for registration of individual entrepreneurs; the information must be complete and accurate. step. We certify the application by a notary. The tax office accepts only certified applications. step. We fill out an application for the transition to a simplified taxation system (STS). The form can be obtained from the tax office. step. We fill out a receipt for payment of the state duty (800 rubles) and pay for it. step. Registration with the tax authority at the place of permanent registration. You can submit documents for individual entrepreneur registration yourself or by sending registered letter Russian Post step. Obtaining a certificate of registration from the tax office. This must be done in person. After this, you will be registered with the statistical authorities, and you will receive a corresponding notification by mail. Now let's turn to the problem of taxation. We, as a small business enterprise, have chosen a simplified taxation system. The simplified tax system (STS) is one of four special tax regimes operating in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (clause 2 of article 18 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The use of the simplified taxation system is voluntary. Thus, an individual entrepreneur is free to decide on the application of a simplified taxation system and the choice of an object of taxation. The use of a simplified taxation system by individual entrepreneurs provides for the payment of a single tax and exemption from the obligation to pay: 1.VAT, with the exception of VAT payable when importing goods into customs territory RF; 2.personal income tax (in relation to income received from business activities); .property tax for individuals (in relation to property used for business activities); An entrepreneur independently chooses how to pay a single tax when applying a simplified taxation system: 6% on income, that is, on turnover or on revenue (the object of taxation is income); or 15% of the difference between income and expenses, that is, of profit, but not less than 1% of turnover per year. Since printing services are associated with large expenses, it is advisable to choose the option in which a single tax is paid on the difference between income and expenses. The simplified tax system provides that individual entrepreneurs pay taxes as follows: · “salary” taxes for individual entrepreneurs are paid monthly; · IP taxes are paid quarterly to the simplified tax system; · A fixed fee is paid until December 31. In 2011, the fixed payment to the Pension Fund for individual entrepreneurs (paid once a year, until December 31) was 13,509.60 rubles, FFOMS - 1,610.76 rubles, TFOMS - 1,039.20 rubles. Total amount: 16159.56 rubles. Individual entrepreneur as an employer transfers the following deductions for the employee (base - wages): 20% PF insurance part, 6% PF savings part, 3.1% FFOMS, 2% TFOMS, 2.9% FSS, OSS. Personal income tax - 13% (withheld from employees’ salaries). This issue is discussed in more detail in financially enterprises. Thus, our enterprise is the activity of an individual entrepreneur with hired workers (1 hired worker). Activities will be carried out at home, since the necessary production equipment and a small staff allow this, which will help avoid the cost of renting a special room. 5. CHOICE OF ACTIVITY Product: greeting printing products, postcards. This product satisfies aesthetic needs, as well as the need to receive and show attention (congratulate with a postcard). The postcard remains to this day. popular way congratulations, is often attached to a gift or replaces a gift and then serves as a sign of attention to a close or distant person. Creating custom cards or even custom ones made to order for a specific person is an expression general trend modern market, where targeting a specific product to a specific consumer is encouraged. In order to find out the preferences of potential buyers, we conducted a survey, as a result of which it turned out that the majority of respondents give cards to their friends and relatives, usually doing this 1-5 times a year (to congratulate one person). Preference is given to both postcards with and without congratulatory text, which must be taken into account when manufacturing products. The majority of respondents buy themed postcards, with the desired price for one regular postcard ranging from 15 to 40 rubles, and for an individual postcard from 50 to 100 rubles. The demand for postcards is elastic, significantly dependent on price. Greatest demand is expected on the eve of holidays, for which it is advisable to issue themed cards. The goods are sold by retail sales in small retail outlets(for example, kiosks, bookstores) on the territory of the city of Kirov. Individual cards are created upon pre-order using social networks. The advantage of postcards is that they have great potential for development: you can attract buyers by selecting images and texts, combining them in various ways, etc. If we are talking about individual postcards, then their advantage lies in their focus on a specific person, and it's always more pleasant than receiving a standard, mass-produced postcard. The possibilities for upgrading the product are quite wide. As the material base of production improves, the printing of postcards can be improved and their shape made more complex. In addition, the product is promising for reorienting production to other types of goods: calendars, color photo, booklets, business cards and other small printed products. 6. MARKETING PLAN The replicated products will be produced by ordering, for example, on social networks, where photographs of postcards and contact information. But we will also provide finished printed products in 1-3 copies (each type of postcard) and a ready-made postcard layout, which can be modified at the client’s request and printed immediately. It is also possible to attract the attention of potential customers through a publicity stunt such as rumors. 7. PRODUCTION PLAN Required equipment: Type of raw materials and materials: Description of product manufacturing technology: 1.Determining the postcard format and searching for a backing (if needed). 2.Select a background or background color. .Selecting fonts for text. .External design (text, font size, font color, size, style). .Internal design (text, if needed; font size, color, size, style; insertion of additional illustrations). .Translation into pdf or jpeg format. .Seal. .Folding and trimming (if necessary). .Additional decoration with fittings (if necessary). Time to complete each operation: Total time: 4 hours 30 minutes. - minimum, 8 hours 22 minutes - maximum. Total costs for the entire operation and the entire product: Total costs (per month) = The cost of materials is 2250.35 rubles. per month (fixed assets and raw material base) + Electricity (minimum 531.48 rub./month, maximum 1015.99 rub./month) + Work on a postcard (50 rubles for 1 ordinary postcard (7x50=350 rubles), 100 rubles for 1 individual postcard (1x100=100 rubles)) = Minimum (regular postcard): RUB 3,131.83. Maximum (regular postcard): RUB 3,616.34. Minimum (individual postcard): RUB 2881.83. Maximum (individual postcard): RUB 3,366.34. Minimum postcards per month: ordinary (7 x 30 = 210 pcs.) + individual (1 x 30 = 30 pcs.) = 240 pcs. Cost of 1 postcard: Table 2. Cost of postcards Type of postcardCost price, rub.MinimumMaximumOrdinary13.0515.07Individual96.06112.21 Cost of 1 postcard (ordinary) = all costs / number of postcards per month = 3131.83 / 240 = 13.05 rubles; 3616.34 / 240 = 15.07 rubles. Cost of 1 postcard (individual) = 2881.83 / 30 = 96.06 rubles; 3366.34 / 30 = 112.21 rubles. Thus, the selling prices of postcards will be the same as we planned them. Standard postcards cost from 15 to 40 rubles, the price of individual postcards ranges from 100 to 150 rubles. Depreciation charges: Pay back the production of postcards in 3 years. Costs of 81,012.46 rubles. (equipment, raw materials, fittings). 46 / 36 months = 2250.35 rub. 35 / 30 days = 75.01 rub. On the day of the postcard you need to make 75.01 rubles. (preferably 105-150-300 rubles) to pay for equipment, fittings, and raw materials. You need to make at least 1-2 individual postcards per day (150-300 rubles) or up to 7 postcards at a price of 15 rubles. (105 rub.). Art director, editor. Editor. The company has two full-time employees who share all the necessary positions among themselves. Table 3. Staffing Positions Number of workers placesPayment - piecework, rub.Art director1Editor2 Freelance worker - accountant who is invited at the end of the month. Having previously concluded a contract for the provision accounting services. The one-time payment upon completion of the work is 6,000 rubles. The art director is also appointed as the general director of our company. The general director is responsible for organizing all the activities of the company. He carries out economic and financial activities, develops regulations, job descriptions, accounting and control systems, is responsible for the safety of material assets, selection and placement of personnel, compliance with labor legislation, orders and instructions of higher organizations. In this regard, the general director has the right to encourage employees, impose disciplinary action. Working day - 5 days a week for 8 hours. The editor carries out computer layout, technical editing (choice of font, size, typeface, style, etc.), design, layout and illustration of the publication (postcards). She also searches for clients. Hired as an art director (general director). Working day - 5 days a week for 8 hours. An accountant carries out accounting in accordance with current legislation, monitors the deadlines for paying taxes and the financial condition of the company. Invited to work as an art director (general director). Working day - 1 time at the end of the month depending on the volume of work. The work of employees is based on the implementation of relevant job descriptions. Principles of remuneration: All employees of the company work on the principle of piecework wages. Possible processing is paid separately in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Job Descriptions: Editor Job responsibilities Editor: 1. Leads the development of projects, long-term and annual thematic plans for the publication of postcards and editorial and schedules production processes publications 2. Communicates with clients to assist them in choosing a postcard. 3.Accepts orders for the publication of postcards. 4. Develops projects for artistic and technical design of postcards. 5. Determines the quality of incoming materials and in case of non-compliance technical requirements returns to the supplier for exchange. 6. Implements measures aimed at reducing the production time of postcards, economical spending of funds when publishing postcards, and improving the quality of printing. The editor has the right: 2.1. Get acquainted with the draft decisions of the art director (general director) relating to his activities. 2.2.Submit proposals for improvement of the company’s activities and work process for consideration by the head of the company. 3. Demand that the head of the company provide assistance in fulfilling his job responsibilities and right. Responsibility 1.The editor is responsible: for failure to perform (improper performance) of their official duties provided for by this job description, within the limits defined labor legislation Russian Federation. for offenses committed in the course of carrying out their activities - within the limits determined by the administrative, criminal and civil legislation of the Russian Federation. for causing material damage - within the limits determined by the labor and civil legislation of the Russian Federation. 2.The editor is personally responsible for the materials and illustrations placed in the postcards. Art director 1.Job responsibilities Art director 1.1.Carries out the economic and financial activities of the company. 1.2.Develops regulations, job descriptions, accounting and control systems. 3.Knows the principles of organizing art events and advertising campaigns. 4.Develops original layouts of postcards. 5.Carries out pre-press preparation of original layouts in accordance with technological requirements printing production. 6.Studying the requirements of customers for designed postcards, the technical capabilities of the organization for their production. 2.Rights The art director has the right: 2.1.Involve all specialists in solving the tasks assigned to him. 2.2.Within the allocated budget, independently purchase the necessary literature and specialized software. 3.Encourage employees and impose disciplinary sanctions. 3.Responsibility The art director is responsible for: 1.Safety of material assets. 2. Selection and placement of personnel. 3. Compliance with labor legislation, orders and instructions of higher organizations. 4. The quality of implementation of a creative idea, its ethical, semantic load, for the influence of the creative side of advertising on the consumer. Accountant Job responsibilities Accountant 1.1.Carries out accounting in accordance with current legislation. 1.2.Monitors tax payment deadlines and the financial condition of the company. 2.Rights The accountant has the right: 2.1.Get acquainted with the decisions of the enterprise management regarding its activities. 2.2.Receive information and documents from the head of the company on issues within his competence. 3.Responsibility The accountant is responsible for: 3.1.Failure to perform (improper performance) of one’s job duties as provided for in this job description, within the limits determined by the labor legislation of the Russian Federation. 3.2.For offenses committed in the course of carrying out their activities - within the limits determined by the administrative, criminal and civil legislation of the Russian Federation. 3.For causing material damage - within the limits determined by labor, criminal and civil legislation of the Russian Federation. 9. FINANCIAL PLAN AND BUDGET OF THE ENTERPRISE There are no sources of funding because initial capital enough to start the project. Product payback period = ( total costs+ salary + PFR + FFOMS + TFOMS + FSS + tax on UNS) / profit. Total contributions for individual entrepreneurs (PFR, FFOMS, TFOMS) = 16159.56 rubles. (fixed amount) for 1 year. Contributions per 1 employee (PFR, FFOMS, TFOMS) = this is 34% of the salary. Deductions per 1 employee are shown in brackets. Salary for ordinary postcards (minimum) = 13.05x240 = 3132 rubles. (RUB 1,064.88). Salary for ordinary postcards (maximum) = 15.07x240 = 3616.8 rubles. (RUB 1,229.71) Salary for individual postcards (minimum) = 96.06x30 = 2881.8 rubles. (979.81 rub.). Salary for individual postcards (maximum) = 112.21x30 = 3366.3 rubles. (RUB 1,144.54). Deductions for 1 employee (not an individual entrepreneur) will be given in average form, since each employee can do different work (make different postcards, and not just a specific type). Minimum payback period for goods (postcards): Expenses = depreciation (81012.46) + salary (accountant 72000 + 1st employee 37584 + 2nd employee 34581.6) + el./en. (6377.76) + work on postcards (4200 + 2400) + deductions for individual entrepreneurs (16159.56) + deductions for the 1st employee (1022.34) + Social Insurance Fund (174.4) = 255512.12 rubles. Income - expenses = 145800 - 255512.12 = - 109712.12 rub. Then we get 255512.12 + 1458 = 256970.12 rubles. expenses (expenses per day 713.81 rub.) Minimum payback period = expenses / profit = 256970.12 / 145800 = 1.8 years. Thus, we need at least 1.8 years to recoup the production of postcards and start making a profit. Maximum payback period for goods (postcards): Digital data is given for 1 year. Expenses = depreciation (81012.46) + salary (accountant 72000 + 1st employee 43401.6 + 2nd employee 40395.6) + el./en. (12191.88) + work on postcards (4200 + 2400) + deductions for individual entrepreneurs (16159.56) + deductions for 1st employee (3491.55) + Social Insurance Fund (174.4) = 275427.05 rubles. Income = 145800 rub. (sales of postcards, 105 (7 ordinary) + 300 (2 individual) = 405 rubles per day, 405x30 = 12,150 rubles per month). Income - expenses = 145800 - 275427.05 = - 128427.05 rub. The income is negative, so we pay 1% of the amount of income = 145800x0.01 = 1458 rubles. Then we get 275427.05 + 1458 = 276885.05 rubles. expenses (expenses per day 769.12 rub.) Minimum payback period = expenses / profit = 276885.05 / 145800 = 1.9 years. Thus, we need a maximum of 1.9 years to recoup the production of postcards and start making a profit. 10. RISK ANALYSIS The following risks are possible at our enterprise: In the event of equipment failure: ñ It’s worth knowing the repair services that can repair the equipment; ñ find out where we can do the work we need (printing, binding, binding, trimming, etc.); ñ purchase supported (cheaper equipment) in case of failure. In case of employee illness: ñ take on part of the work yourself (while increasing the length of the working day and payment for services); ñ hire a temporary worker who understands the specifics of the job; ñ have a so-called a freelancer who comes in as needed. In case of a problem with the supply/purchase of materials: ñ find out several points of distribution of goods so that you can purchase from different places, if necessary; ñ make a pre-order through the online store when it is already possible to predict that there will not be enough materials (for example, in the middle of the month, so that by the end of the month we already have the materials). 11. APPENDIX 1 Questionnaire to identify requests from potential buyers Do you give postcards to your friends and family? a) yes; b) no How often do you buy postcards for one person: a) 1-2 times a year; b) 3-5 times a year; c) more than 5; d) according to my mood. Do you prefer cards with or without text? a) with text; b) without text Do you more often buy themed cards (March 8, D.R., etc.) or neutral ones (“Congratulations”)? a) thematic; b) neutral
Even 100 years ago, when telephone communications and social networks did not exist, handwritten letters were the only way to communicate and notify. Nowadays, every person can send messages of varying content and size every day at any time of day and place in the world via email, but this has not forced some people to completely abandon paper correspondence.
"How nice it would be to receive beautiful postcard with warm words...", the Portuguese Paulo Magalhesa once thought and created a postcrossing project that provides an opportunity for millions of people with different countries world to communicate and exchange postcards.
The creative movement arose in 2005 under the influence of bookcrossing - a social movement whose goal is the free exchange of books, which, after reading by their owners, can be left in a cafe, in a park, at a train station and bridge, etc. Over the 12 years of its existence, 676,000 people from 208 countries have become postcrossers. During the same time, more than 40,000,000 postcards were sent.
The success can be explained by the simplicity and accessibility of the project. To become a postcrosser, you first need to register on the official website. To do this, you must indicate not only your name, email and password, but also all the necessary email data.
Before sending your first postcard, you need to write at least 5 messages, which confirms the account of a real person. The site determines addressees randomly, so when sending a postcard, the recipient does not even know who. When the card reaches its destination, its owner registers receipt, and the sender is sure that someone received it.
There are other ways of sharing, where several people join in the process or the postcard travels around the world many times. The most active participating countries are Russia, China, USA, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Finland, and the Czech Republic.
The largest number of postcards were sent from Germany, Russia, the USA, the Netherlands and China. Thus, the popularity of postcards has increased, and they have become a sought-after product in many countries around the world.
Postcrossing is a creative activity that gives a special experience, but it can also become profitable business, outgrown from a hobby. This movement turned out to be interesting and exciting not only for amateurs, but also for professionals - philocartists who collect a variety of postcards. They collect both exclusive old and original new postcards.
This business niche remains unknown to many novice entrepreneurs, who have no idea how much money an active postcrosser can spend on purchasing postcards per month. Such people can become regular customers of a company that produces unique postcards in small quantities.
Target audience and business development options
The business of producing postal and greeting cards can be developed in three directions, which depends on target audience And starting capital. The first option – opening your own printing house – is the most labor-intensive and costly option. Implement such a project for less than 2,500,000 rubles even in small town it won't work because most budget will be used to purchase expensive and high-quality equipment.
You will also need a room of impressive size where you can place the equipment. A lot of time and effort will also be spent on finding highly qualified workers, of whom at least 50 people will be needed in order to put the production of postcards on stream and not incur additional losses.
Basic expenses are covered by profits in 1-2 years, but during this time the company may already go bankrupt. Of course, it is much easier to make money on postcrossing if you have your own printing house, since then you can set your own quality standards, control the supply of raw materials and avoid losses due to the fault of another enterprise.
People can come to the printing house to purchase a postcard different ages And social status, therefore this business development option covers a wide range of target audiences.
Attention! If you can buy a postcard in a store for 15 rubles, then its cost is approximately 8 rubles, and if it was printed in a personal printing house, then the price drops to 5 rubles per piece.
Opening an online store
The second direction for the postcrossing business is opening an online store. This method is simpler and less troublesome; it is suitable for beginning entrepreneurs who do not have large financial investments or they don’t understand printing standards, so they would like to simply sell products that have already been created by someone.
In the future, the online store can expand its scope of activity and not only sell postcards, but also look for original artists, create postcard layouts and send them to print.
An online store can be managed by one person, who will create the website himself, but in the future, with an increase in sales volume and the development of the company, it will be necessary to expand the staff.
Ideally, an online greeting card store needs 6 people to thrive:
- a programmer who will create an electronic resource, support and modernize it;
- an artist who will produce ideas for unique postcard designs;
- a copywriter who will write about store news, create product descriptions, etc.;
- a translator who adapts website content for buyers from other countries;
- an accountant who will professionally maintain the necessary documentation;
- content manager who will administer the store’s pages on social networks.
Selecting qualified and experienced personnel, as well as providing an original assortment, are the main stages on which the success of a postcard store depends. As a rule, people aged 18 to 35 make purchases via the Internet because they are not as suspicious of electronic resources as older generations.
Work to order
The third business option at postcrossing is the search for rare postcards to order for philocartists. This area of business requires not only a lot of time and acquaintances in certain circles, but also the ability to distinguish fakes from originals.
You need to be an expert to engage in such an industry. Those who are not knowledgeable about vintage postcards can work for collectors of modern postcards. They “hunt” for exclusive postcards, which are produced in small editions (100-200 pieces). Competition in this segment is insignificant, and the costs of finding and selling postcards are low.
Legal subtleties
Beginning entrepreneurs most often choose the second option for developing a postcrossing business, namely creating an online store, since, in addition to the above advantages, it is also easy to register legally. First you need to register as an individual entrepreneur.
There are four ways to do this:
- self-registration, after paying a state fee of 800 rubles;
- registration via mail is a lengthy process, but mandatory if the business is opened in a city other than the one where the entrepreneur is registered;
- registration via law firm– an expensive pleasure that allows you to save your time and nerves;
- registration of individual entrepreneurs by power of attorney.
The last three options relieve the novice businessman of the obligation to collect necessary documents, but knowing the list of required papers, everyone can easily do this themselves.
To register an individual entrepreneur you will need:
- a copy of all completed passport pages
- receipt of payment of state duty;
- application for transition to a simplified taxation system;
- application for state registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur.
For ease of reference accounting the owner of an online store can sell postcards, receive a profit for it and pay taxes according to a simplified system or a general one (STS or OSN).
You can also work according to UTII (taxation system individual species entrepreneurial activity), if payment for goods occurs at the point of delivery, and not on the website. This form of interaction with the buyer falls under the definition of retail trade under Art. 346.27 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Taxes
The simplified tax system is best suited if the company has a small number of employees. With the simplified tax system, the amounts of taxes paid will be significantly less than with the simplified tax system, and reporting is simplified, so small and medium business chooses the simplified tax system.
Under the simplified tax system, there are two rates for taxes: 6% deducted from income, or 15% from “income minus expenses.” Rates are selected individually.
The first option is convenient if the costs of running a business are significantly less than income, and the entrepreneur does not want such information to go through the tax service. For trading, a more acceptable rate is considered to be 15%, which must be paid to the individual entrepreneur, after deducting the amount of expenses from income. In this case, documentary recording of all expenses is mandatory.
If an entrepreneur chooses the simplified tax system, he needs to submit an application in duplicate within 30 days after registration, and ideally during it. You can draw up such a document by filling out form No. 26.2-1 (KND 1150001) manually or free of charge on a special electronic resource.
Important! The transition to the simplified tax system can only be carried out at the beginning of the calendar year. If you are late, then throughout the current year the entrepreneur will have to maintain complex accounting and pay large amounts of taxes.
To register a business, you must indicate the OKVED code, which more precisely defines the scope of activity of the new enterprise. You can specify several of them so that in the future there will be an opportunity to expand the scope of your business without financial and time losses on re-registration of documents. The universal code for all online stores is 52.61.2 " Retail carried out directly using television, radio, telephone and the Internet.”
In addition to this, you can indicate in the papers:
- 52.6 Retail trade outside stores;
- 52.61 Retail trade by order;
- 52.61.1 Retail postal (parcel) trade;
- 52.63 Other retail trade outside stores;
- 72.6 Other activities related to the use computer technology and information technology.
If the assortment of an online store consists not only of postcards, but also of related products, then the entrepreneur needs to indicate other OKVED codes:
- 52.47.3 Retail trade of stationery and stationery;
- 52.48.36 Retail trade in philatelic and numismatic goods;
- 64.11.14 Other postal activities.
To produce postcards that you later plan to sell, the following codes are suitable:
- 21.23 Production of stationery and paper products;
- 22.15 Other types of publishing activities;
- 22.22 Printing activities not included in other categories.
Postcrossing business promotion
It’s easy to tell about a company that makes unique postcards and sells them. potential buyers, since the advertised product is simple and clear, attracts attention with its originality and may interest even those who are not post-crossers.
The best way to promote handmade products is social networks and contextual advertising in search engines.
We promote on social networks
To photograph a product in style, to tell an interesting story about it, to organize a promotion or giveaway, to invite a respected blogger to recommend it to their subscribers - these are free opportunities on Instagram, Telegram, Facebook and Vkontakte, with which you can short terms tell a large number people about manufactured and sold products.
Those who search on Google or Yandex about how and where to buy unique postcards or other products for postcrossing will definitely become your customers if you use the services contextual advertising. A person in the background on various sites will be asked to go to the site of your online store and get acquainted with the assortment. This fashionable and convenient way of promotion does not require much time or money.
Stores
When the company becomes recognizable at the city level, local bookstores and stationery stores will gladly accept the original product for sale. You can talk about unique postcards at specialized fairs of handmade products. They are regularly held in almost every city, or at exhibitions dedicated to public holidays.
Instead of a conclusion
In order to finally decide whether it is worth running a postcrossing business, how profitable it is, and whether it is difficult to achieve success, it is enough to weigh all the pros and cons.
The advantages of creating a business selling postcards for a novice entrepreneur include:
- low cost of goods;
- its relevance among postcrossers and phylocartists;
- demand exceeding supply;
- simplicity of legal registration of business;
- the opportunity to advertise a company in a short time;
- low initial investment;
- a hobby that has grown into a business;
- work from home;
- low level of risks;
- the opportunity to realize your own creative aspirations.
Negative factors can be called:
- long-term payback;
- low income;
- narrow segment of the target audience;
- the difficulty of creating unique postcards;
- cooperation with third-party printing houses that do not always comply with the terms of the contract;
- the difficulty of selecting an artist whose style will glorify the enterprise;
- the need to constantly replenish the assortment and make it original;
- the uncertainty of predicting demand for a certain type of postcard;
- some seasonality of the product.
The disadvantages of a postcrossing business are not so significant and can only discourage an entrepreneur who places too high hopes on this area and primarily wants to make money, and not create something unique and beautiful.
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