Do you know where the Barents Sea is? It is located on the edge of the Arctic Ocean. Until 1853, it had a different name - the Murmansk Sea. It washes the shores of Norway and Russia. Speaking about where the Barents Sea is located, it should be noted that it is limited by archipelagos New Earth, Franz Josef Land and Spitsbergen, as well as the northern coast of Europe. Its area is 1424 thousand square meters. km. Coordinates: 71° N. latitude, 41° east. d. In some places, the depth of the Barents Sea reaches 600 m.
The reservoir we are interested in is located on the In winter, its southwestern part does not freeze, as the North Atlantic Current prevents this. Its southeastern part is called the Pechora Sea. The Barents Sea is very important for fishing and transport. There are major ports here - Varde (Norway) and Murmansk. Before World War II, Finland also had access to this sea: its only port that did not freeze in winter was Petsamo.
Today, the places where the Barents Sea is located are highly polluted. A serious problem is the radioactive waste entering it. A large role in this is played by the activities of our country’s nuclear fleet, as well as Norwegian plants involved in the processing of radioactive waste in a body of water such as the Barents Sea. The boundaries of its belonging to individual states (sea shelf) in Lately are the subject of territorial disputes between Norway and Russia, as well as some other countries.
History of sea exploration
Let us now tell you in more detail about the body of water that interests us. Let's start with historical information about him. Since ancient times, people knew where the Barents Sea was, although its name used to be different. The Sami (Lapps) - Finno-Ugric tribes - lived along its shores. The first visits by Europeans (first the Vikings, and then the Novgorodians) date back to the end of the 11th century. Gradually they became more and more frequent. The map shown in the photo below was drawn in 1614.
In 1853, the Barents Sea received its modern name in honor of the Dutch navigator. Its scientific study began with the expedition of 1821-24, led by F. P. Litke. And at the beginning of the 20th century, N.M. Knipovich compiled the first reliable and complete hydrological characteristics of it.
Geographical position
Let's tell you in more detail about where the Barents Sea is located on the map. It is located on the border of the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic. It is the outlying water area of the first. The Barents Sea on the map is located between the islands of Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya and Vaygach in the east, in the south it is limited by the northern coast of Europe, and in the west - Bear Island and Spitsbergen. The body of water we are interested in is bordered in the west by the Norwegian Sea, in the east by the Kara Sea, in the south by the White Sea, and in the north it is limited by the Arctic Ocean. The Pechora Sea is the name of its area located east of the island. Kolguev.
Coastline
Mostly the shores of the Barents Sea are fjords. They are rocky, high and heavily rugged. The largest bays of the Barents (also known as the Kola Bay, Motovsky Bay, etc. The coastal topography east of Nos changes sharply. Its shores become low and mostly slightly indented. There are 3 large shallow bays here: Khaypudyrskaya, Pechora and Cheshskaya Bay. In addition , there are several small bays.
Islands, archipelagos, rivers
The islands of the Barents Sea are few in number. The largest of them is Kolguev. The sea is limited on the east, north and west by the archipelagos of Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land and Spitsbergen. The largest rivers that flow into it are Indiga and Pechora.
Currents
The circulation formed by surface currents occurs counterclockwise. The Atlantic waters of the North Cape Current move north and east along the eastern and southern periphery. It is warm because it is one of the branches of the Gulf Stream system. Its influence can be traced all the way to Novaya Zemlya and its northern shores. The western and northern parts of the gyre are formed by Arctic and local waters that come from the Arctic Ocean and the Kara Sea. In the central part of the Barents Sea there is a system of intracircular currents. Under the influence of changes in wind directions, as well as water exchange with nearby reservoirs, water circulation changes. Tidal currents are of great importance. It is especially large near the coast. The tides of the Barents Sea are semidiurnal. Their largest value is 6.1 m and is observed off the coast of the Kola Peninsula. As for other places, the tides in them range from 0.6 m to 4.7 m.
Water exchange
Water exchange that occurs with neighboring seas is important in maintaining the water balance of this sea. About 76 thousand cubic meters enter the reservoir through the straits throughout the year. km of water (the same amount comes out of it). This represents about a quarter of the total water volume. The largest amount of it (approximately 59 thousand cubic km per year) is brought by the North Cape Current. It is warm and greatly influences the hydrometeorological indicators of the Barents Sea. About 200 cu.m. km per year is the total river flow.
Salinity
During the year in the open sea, surface salinity ranges from 34.7 to 35% in the southwest, from 33 to 34% in the east and from 32 to 33% in the north. In summer and spring in the coastal zone it drops to 30-32%. And towards the end of winter, salinity increases to 34-34.5%.
Geological data
The sea we are interested in is located on the Barents Sea Plate. Its age is determined as Proterozoic-Early Cambrian. Syneclises are depressions of the bottom, anteclises are its elevations. As for the shallower landforms, at depths of about 70 and 200 meters there are remnants of ancient coastlines. In addition, there are glacial-accumulative and glacial-denudation forms, as well as sand ridges formed by large tidal currents.
Bottom of the Barents Sea
This sea is located within the boundaries of the continental shallows. However, unlike similar reservoirs, in a fairly large part the depth of the Barents Sea is about 300-400 meters. The maximum is 600 meters, and the average is 229. As for the bottom topography, there are hills (Persea with a minimum depth of about 63 meters and Central), plains (Central Plateau), trenches (Western, the greatest depth of which is 600 meters, and Franz Victoria (about 430 meters), etc.), depressions (maximum depth of the Central depression is 386 meters). If we talk about the southern part of the bottom, its depth rarely exceeds 200 meters. It has a fairly leveled relief.
Soil composition
In the southern part of the sea of interest to us, the cover of bottom sediments is dominated by sand. Sometimes there is crushed stone and pebbles. On the elevations of the northern and central parts there is sandy silt, silty sand, and in depressions there is silt. There is coarse clastic admixture everywhere. This is due to the spread of ice, as well as the large distribution of glacial relict deposits. In the middle and northern parts, the thickness of sediments is less than 0.5 m. Because of this, ancient glacial deposits on some hills are located almost on the surface. Sedimentation occurs at a slow rate (less than 30 mm per thousand years). This is explained by the fact that terrigenous material is supplied in small quantities. The fact is that due to the peculiarities of the coastal topography, no large rivers flow into the Barents Sea, with the exception of the Pechora, which leaves almost all alluvium in the Pechora estuary. In addition, the shores of the land consist mainly of crystalline rocks, which are quite durable.
Climate
Let's now talk about the climate of such a body of water as the Barents Sea. The Atlantic (warm) and Arctic (cold) oceans influence its formation. The fact that weather conditions are very variable is explained by the frequent invasion of Arctic cold air and Atlantic warm cyclones. Over the sea, mainly south-west winds blow in winter, and north-east winds blow in summer and spring. Storms happen here often. In February, the air temperature averages from -25 °C (in the northern regions) to -4 °C in the southwestern regions. Cloudy weather prevails over the sea throughout the year. The amount of precipitation per year in the northern regions is 250 mm, and in the southwestern regions - up to 500 mm.
Ice cover
In the east and north of the Barents Sea, climatic conditions are quite harsh. This determines its significant ice coverage. Only the southwestern part of the sea of interest to us remains ice-free all year round. Its cover reaches its greatest extent in April. This month, approximately 75% of the entire surface of the Barents Sea is occupied by floating ice. At the end of winter in particularly unfavorable years floating ice reach the shores of the Kola Peninsula. Their smallest number is observed at the end of August. The ice boundary these days moves beyond 78° north latitude. In the northeast and northwest of the sea, ice usually remains throughout the year. Nevertheless, sometimes the sea is completely free of them.
Barents Sea temperature
The relatively high salinity and temperature in the southwestern part of this reservoir determines the flow of Atlantic warm waters here. From February to March, surface water temperatures in these areas range from 3°C to 5°C. It can reach up to 7-9 °C in August. During the winter months in the southeastern part, as well as north of 74°N latitude, the surface temperature of the Barents Sea drops below -1°C. In the southeast in summer it is 4-7 °C, and in the north it is about 4 °C. In the coastal area during the summer months surface layer water can warm up at a depth of 5 to 8 meters to 11-12 °C.
Fauna and flora
The Barents Sea is home to many species of fish (there are 114 species). There is rich animal and plant plankton and benthos. Seaweed common along the southern coast. The most important commercial fish species are herring, haddock, cod, catfish, sea bass, halibut, flounder, etc. Mammals here include seal, polar bear, beluga whale, etc. Currently, the fishery is for seal. On the coasts there are many (swimming gulls, guillemots, guillemots). In the 20th century, they were brought to these territories. They managed to adapt and begin to actively reproduce. A bunch of sea urchins, various echinoderms, different types starfish are distributed along the bottom of the water body of interest to us.
Economic importance, industry and shipping
The Barents Sea is very important both for the Russian Federation and for Norway and a number of other countries. Russia is actively using its resources. It is rich in various species of fish, animal and plant plankton, as well as benthos. Thanks to this, Russia is actively extracting hydrocarbons on the Arctic shelf in the Barents Sea. Prirazlomnoye is a unique project in our country. For the first time, hydrocarbon production is being carried out from a stationary platform in this area. The platform (OIRFP Prirazlomnaya) allows all necessary technological operations to be carried out directly on site. This greatly simplifies the mining process.
The sea route connecting the European part of our country with the ports of eastern (since the 19th century) and western countries (since the 16th century), as well as Siberia (since the 15th century) is also very important. The largest and main port in Russia is Murmansk (pictured below).
Among others, the following stand out: Indiga, Teriberka, Naryan-Mar. Norwegian ports are Kirkenes, Vadso and Varde. The Barents Sea contains not only merchant navy our country, but also naval, including nuclear submarines.
I can’t believe that I found the time to sit down to report - it’s already been the third week since we drove to Teriberka as a group. Moreover, this happened immediately upon my return home from vacation (which is why I “flew” back by car - see the previous post). I only managed to unload my things, sleep a little in the morning and drive the car, always ready for travel, out of the garage.
Since the weather was forecast for the next morning (it’s generally difficult to find suitable weather for us on the coast, so we couldn’t lose this chance), we decided to go the day before, sleep in the hotel on the spot, and then get down to business the next morning. In general, the plan was normal, the only thing was that, as usual, due to some members of the company (who always and everywhere have to wait), instead of two o’clock in the afternoon, we left six hours later.
So the idea of filming a sunset at sea was a disaster. So, I jumped out of the car a couple of times along the way.
The photos are “crooked”, since going out into the tundra unprepared for a long time is simply unrealistic - the bloodsuckers will eat you.
So no tripod, no changing lenses and on the go.
Already at the entrance to Teriberka it was clear that rain was pouring on the horizon. Somehow I doubted the forecast...
We slept well at the hotel, had dinner and breakfast. This was not the first time I was there. Nice civilized place (breakfast, however, is rather weak). On the other hand, no one forbids you to bring your own food and store it in the refrigerator, or use kitchen utensils and appliances. Moreover, when we had already checked out, we were welcome throughout the day and were kindly allowed to have dinner under normal conditions.
And before that, in the morning, we finally got out to the runway (an old dirt runway from the last century) from which we had already taken off a couple of years ago. Of course, it was even more overgrown with bushes. But there was still a suitable area for takeoff. It was drizzling and there were mosquitoes and midges. However, as always, our main leader and instigator was, as they say, “positive” and believed in the forecast. They began to unfold and prepare for flight.
At the starting position.
Our guest from St. Petersburg was the first to be launched - he is a "Carlson", he only has a wing and an engine without a "cart", it is easier and faster for him to take off.
A little later we got up. I foolishly immediately opened the lens, and we immediately flew into a cloud with real rain. So for the next ten minutes I swore, dried and cleaned the water from the lens. The camera, of course, was in trouble, but the lens glass was covered in raindrops (as were the glasses of the helmets and ourselves). It was a little sad to see this weather. The only thing was that the sun was shining in the direction where we were flying. I really wanted to overtake the rain cloud, behind which, however, there were also vast gaps of blue sky. In any case, we've already taken off, it's time to turn our heads and enjoy the flight.
We had a blast... It's good that it wasn't a thunderstorm :))
We go there, straight towards the sun. On the left you can already see our northern desert at the mouth of the Voronya River.
And by the way, the weather at sea is excellent. We are moving along the coastal strip, along rivers and coves. Flying directly from Teriberka would be closer, but not so interesting: what is there - tundra, countless hills and lakes. A very monotonous landscape, especially from a height (well, like Google maps). You wouldn't get lost there, of course. But there wouldn't be much to see either.
There are some great beaches here. It's a pity, it's a bit far from the village. But there is no rubbish from vacationers (of which there is already an indecent amount in Teriberka).
Oh, what is this? memorial place! We landed in this cove several years ago and spent an excellent three days. Our tent stood right in the dark green clearing, and there was a fire near the orange float from the net (the report is in the magazine, you can easily find it by tags). I would love to come here again, only now on the other side of the river - there are also interesting places there, as it turned out.
Well, now there is a chance to see everything from above.
Here it is, the desert in the delta of the Voronya River.
Suddenly we saw a group of beluga whales near the shore and decided to take a closer look at them. Besides, I had never seen the desert from this side before. There, in the sea in front of the beach, you can see a sandbank, washed over by waves - at low tide we walked there. You just have to keep your eyes open, otherwise you’ll get caught up and have to swim back to get there at high tide. Unfortunately, I didn’t take a telephoto lens with me, so the belugas were photographed from afar. Somehow they see what is happening in the sky above them - as soon as you descend a little lower, they immediately dive and go into the depths.
We decided to fly around the sands in a circle at a low altitude.
Flying directly over the mouth of the river. It flows out from behind the hills over there. While the sea is high tide, at low tide the water level in the river also decreases.
Southern part of the desert.
I remember how we climbed these hills. Eh, it was cool!
And this is just a magical place. I can’t imagine how all this fits together here!
I quickly surfed the Internet looking for information, but didn’t find anything useful. There is not much time to speculate about the origin of such a place, which is not entirely familiar to the north. So I leave this to the discretion of the readers, if anyone is interested. In general, the longer I look at photographs of these places, the greater the desire to return here again. Well, really, it’s very unusual. And being there you feel like you’re on another planet. And the energy there is off the charts.
And this is the beach on the other side of the river. The one from Far Zelentsy (12 km from the road in a straight line or 15 km by sea around the coast).
This is the place I want to hit with my feet next time.
We specially looked at it from above - the purest yellow sand, even in the desert where we were, it was not like that.
And there are beaches too. I'll wait for a warm summer :)) Although...
However, we are almost there...
Meet Distant Zelentsy.
There is a road here, they say it’s quite passable. I've never been here. The situation is exactly the opposite of the desert: first I visited it in the usual earthly way, then flew around and looked at it from above. And then for the first time I examined the area from above and already wanted to wander around the surrounding area on foot (or sail on a boat). Moreover, there is something to see here: a beautiful bay with azure water, hidden from the winds; the building of the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, the insides of which have been preserved much better than the Teriber school; abandoned site of the Northern Corrosion Station with samples of metals and alloys... And nature itself, of course. By the way, the places shown above are also relatively close.
Again, visit the diving center.
The same bay. Something is visible there in the center...
Again we “dropped” the height and walked over the bay, examining the details and details of life here.
Wow, the divers even have a swimming pool. Hopefully heated.
A bay with a functioning pier and boats. They look like they are about to go somewhere.
Local residential area. According to information from the Internet, it has not been residential for a long time at all.
Main building of MMBI. Our friend, who took off before us, flew to the village, landed (he needs very tiny platforms for landing and takeoff, not like us) and walked around here, visiting both the diving center and the institute buildings. I'm envious :)) Well, oh well - when the time comes, I'll try to visit here too. The main thing is to get here, and I haven’t decided yet: to destroy my car or somehow contact the locals for delivery. I’ll think about it after choosing the time of my trip there.
We chose the right place at the right time, it was beautiful.
For dachas it seems a bit far, for plots with vegetable gardens - so there are no vegetable gardens... Just residential houses?
We looked at the village again...
And, by the way, here is our “Carlson”.
We had nowhere to sit here at all. And we couldn’t find the places on the map when we were planning the flight. Yes, and now we’ve seen it with our own eyes. Although, in principle, we would not have landed: there was still enough gasoline, so we decided to fly further - to Porchnikha Bay (all the roads in this direction end there - in case we suddenly have to be pulled out). But it’s always interesting: you fly to some place and look “beyond the horizon” to see what’s next interesting. Fly so much and not try to move a little further?
The bay turned out to be just like a bay. Traces of the military are all around, as is “usual” here. On the edge of the road, at a dead end, there are cars and tents: crab fishermen or just travelers? And a little further beyond the bay there is a lighthouse on an island - well, how can you not fly to it?
Well, turn around and go home through the lighthouse.
Porchnikha Bay.
We go back again over Far Zelentsy. In general, even after carefully selecting and discarding similar photographs, more than half a thousand frames remained. Well, there is no way to cram them all into the report, excuse me. And so I was exhausted until I selected a hundred for display.
Here below us is the former weather station and the site of the Northern Corrosion Station. I'd really like to take a walk there and take a closer look at the samples (while it's still alive).
Coast of the Barents Sea.
We gained altitude back under the road. The weather has cleared up, great!
Both deserts in one frame. Amazing place!
The Voronya River before its mouth.
Bottom. Just the bottom. Rivers.
The mouth of the Voronya River and the Barents Sea.
Perhaps the most best beach Barents Sea. 1200 meters of sand.
Once again, I couldn’t resist :))
While we were spinning over the desert, our fellow traveler caught up with us. Let's fly further together.
On the way to the "base".
Oops, I turned the polarizing filter 90 degrees. The picture is completely different. Otherwise, in bright sunshine, the bluish atmosphere, haze and cloudy surface are very annoying. Basically, this is how my sunglasses show the world. So “sleight of hand and no fraud” :))
And on the horizon the bay and Teriberka itself already appeared. There is very little left. Otherwise I’ve already served my ass.
"Unfinished" road in the hills. This is where the development of Shtokman ended for now.
And this is the famous bay and Teriberka beach on the edge of old Teriberka.
The beauty of civilization. We are developing tourism, however.
Along the way we flew over hills with traces of trenches and machine gun nests from the war. Looking ahead, I’ll say that the guys later flew to the coastal battery and waterfall: we showed the area to those who had not yet been here. In the “new” Teriberka they also circled a little over the beach with “dinosaur eggs”.
Still, Teriberka is a very attractive place. And at any time of the year. True, last winter I wanted to come specifically for the storm, but work didn’t allow it. Otherwise I would have been stuck here for a couple of weeks - the road conditions were terrible this season.
We flew along the beach shore. Everything is the same as in the “wilderness” of the coast, only the garbage shows that this is a “civilized” place.
Detailed depth map of the Barents Sea
What is a geographic map
A geographic map is an image of the Earth's surface with a plotted coordinate grid and symbols, the proportions of which directly depend on the scale. A geography map is a landmark by which you can identify the location of an array, object, or place of residence of a person. These are indispensable assistants for geologists, tourists, pilots and military personnel, whose professions are directly related to travel and trips over long distances.
Types of cards
Geographic maps can be roughly divided into 4 types:
- in terms of territory coverage and these are maps of continents and countries;
- by purpose and these are tourist, educational, road, navigation, scientific and reference, technical, tourist maps;
- content - thematic, general geographical, general political maps;
- by scale – small-scale, medium-scale and large-scale maps.
Each of the maps is dedicated to a particular topic, thematically reflecting islands, seas, vegetation, settlements, weather, soil, taking into account the coverage of the territory. A map can only represent countries, continents or individual states plotted on a certain scale. Taking into account how much a particular territory has been reduced, the scale of the map is 1x1000.1500, which means a decrease in distance by 20,000 times. Of course, it’s easy to guess what larger scale, the more detailed the map is drawn. And yet, individual parts of the earth's surface on the map are distorted, unlike a globe, which is capable of conveying the appearance of the surface without changes. The Earth is spherical and distortions occur, such as: area, angles, length of objects.
The sailing directions have been adjusted according to notifications to mariners of the Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense according to issue No. 41 of September 30, 2000.
Information about changes that have occurred since specified date, are published in subsequent editions of notices to seafarers of the Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense and additions to the directions.
With the publication of this navigational guide, the Barents Sea Pilot is considered unsuitable for navigation purposes. Part I (No. 1111) GUNIO MO, 1991
1. Information clearly presented on nautical charts or set out in detail in other navigation manuals is not given in detail in the sailing directions. Due to this:
Information about navigational aids is limited to indications of their presence and position;
- information about navigational hazards located away from fairways, anchorages and the usual routes of ships is given in general characteristics no detail;
- coordinates of the routes of submarine cables and pipelines, as well as the boundaries of mine-hazardous areas and sensitive areas are not given (only information about the presence of such objects and areas is provided);
- no description is given of fairways specifically designed for the passage of ships through mine-hazardous areas.
2. The reliability of the location of poles and buoys, as well as the strict constancy of the nature of the lights of floating warning signs cannot be completely relied upon.
3. Aeronautical radio beacons may temporarily stop their operation or change its mode, about which no messages are given to mariners.
On May 2019 year, a correction was made to the pilot according to
1. Page 84. Lines 5-8. Cross it out. Do not include the correction and place instead:
“The Capp Martin (Carr Magyp) air beacon (77°43.2’M, 13°56.9’E) is installed at Cape Martin.” (IM 2512/19(1), V. Uo1. b
2. Page 234. Line 8. Cross it out. (IM 2512/19(2), N. 20/56178/16
3. Page 234. Lines 19-20. Cross out from “radio beacon” through “and also.” (IM 2512/19(3), N. 20/56178/16
District diagram
GENERAL REVIEW
Navigational-geographical sketch
Hydrometeorological essay
Swimming rules
NAVIGATION DESCRIPTION
Chapter 1.
Chapter 2. Western coast of the island of Western Spitsbergen
From Sørkappøya to Isfjord
Isfjord Bay
From Isfjord to Kongsfjord
From Kongsfjord to Fuglepunten
Chapter 3. Northern shores of the islands of Western Spitsbergen and Northeastern
Earth
Northern coast of the island of Western Spitsbergen
Northern coast of the island of North-East Land
Chapter 4. Storfjord Strait and approaches to it from the south
Approaches to the Storfjord from the south
Storfjord
Chapter 5. Hinlopen Strait and approaches to it from the south and east
Approaches to the Hinlopen Strait from the south and east
Hinlopen Strait
Recommendations for sailing along the main routes
Tips for swimming in ice
Help Desk
Information about depths at anchor sites
Distance tables
Alphabetical index
Notes on proofreading
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