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The most ancient deities were the ones who embodied the forces of nature. From the union of Gaia - earth and Uranus - sky, the titans appeared, the eldest was Ocean, the youngest was Kronos. According to mythology, Kronos decided to take revenge on his father for imprisoning his Cyclops brothers in Tartarus. While Uranus was sleeping, Kronos dealt a heavy blow to him and became the king of all gods. The children of Kronos - the gods led by Zeus, in a fierce battle with the titans, won and shared power over the world.
Slide 2
Gods
Mount Olympus was considered the home of the twelve supreme gods, led by Zeus. The Thunderer Zeus became the king of gods and people, Poseidon - the seas, springs and waters, Hades - the dark underground kingdom. Hera - the wife of Zeus - was the patroness of marriage and family, Zeus's sister - Demeter - the goddess of fertility, another sister - Hestia - the patroness of the home. The beloved daughter of Zeus, Athena, was revered as the goddess of military wisdom and wisdom in general; she patronized knowledge and crafts.
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Heroes
In addition to myths about gods, there were legends about heroes, the most beloved of which was Hercules, who performed twelve great labors. Myths and legends about gods and heroes formed into entire cycles, which later became the source of plots for literature, drama and sculpture.
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Childhood of Hercules
Alcmene, the mother of Hercules, who descends from Perseus, and Zeus is the father - the king of the gods. Zeus tells the gods that the next baby, who belongs to the family of Perseus, will be the ruler of the Peloponnese. Hera, the wife of Zeus, realizes that her husband has deceived her. She delays the birth of Hercules and accelerates the birth of Eurystheus. Zeus cannot break his oath, and Eurystheus gains power. So Hercules remains in the service of his cowardly relative for many years. When Hercules was a baby, Hera sent two snakes to his cradle. She wanted to kill Hercules. The brother of Hercules, the son of Alcmene and Amphitryon, seeing the snakes, screamed, and Hercules grabbed and strangled the snake with his bare hands.
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12 labors of Hercules
Strangulation of the Nemean Lion Killing of the Lernaean Hydra Extermination of the Stymphalian Birds Capture of the Cerynean Hind Taming of the Erymanthian Boar and the Battle with the Centaurs Cleaning of the Augean Stables Taming of the Cretan Bull Victory over King Diomedes (who threw strangers to be devoured by his horses) Theft of the belt of Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons Theft of three-headed cows Oh the giant Geryon The theft of gold apples from the garden of the Hesperides Taming of the guardian of Hades - the dog Cerberus Strangulation of the Nemean lion Killing of the Lernaean hydra Extermination of the Stymphalian birds Capture of the Kerynean fallow Taming of the Erymanthian boar and the battle with the centaurs Cleaning of the Augean stables Taming of the Cretan bull Victory over King Diomedes (who threw strangers to be devoured by his horses ) Theft of Hippolyta's Belt , queen of the Amazons The theft of the cows of the three-headed giant Geryon The theft of golden apples from the garden of the Hesperides The taming of the guardian of Hades - the dog Cerberus
Slide 6
Strangulation of the Nemean LionHercules receives an order from Eurystheus, he must get the skin of a lion that lives near the city of Nemea. No weapon can hurt this lion.
Hercules tries to hit the lion with arrows, but to no avail. Then Hercules decides to drive the lion into his lair and stuns him with a blow of his club and strangles him with his hands. He uses the claws of the same killed lion to remove the skin. Hercules puts on the skin of the Nemean lion, and he becomes invulnerable
Slide 7
Taming of the Erymanthian Boar
The Erymanthian boar was the most terrible beast for the inhabitants of Psophis, because through the fault of this beast people lost most of their harvest. The Mycenaean king Eurystheus ordered Hercules to catch the boar. Hercules chased the boar, drove it into deep snow, tied it up and brought it to Mycenae.
Slide 8
Animal Farm of King Augius
According to legend, Augeas owned numerous herds, for which huge stables were built in the barnyard; manure was not removed from here for years; Cleaning the farmyard of Augeas in one day became one of the labors of Hercules: he blocked the Alpheus River with a dam and directed its waters to the farmyard. According to the condition, he was supposed to receive a tenth of his herds as a reward from Augeas, but Augeas did not give what he promised. The expression “Augean stables” has become a catchphrase and means “great disorder, neglect in business.”
Slide 9
Apples of the Hesperides
On the shores of the Ocean, at the very edge of the earth, there grew a wonderful tree that bore golden apples. This tree grew in the beautiful garden of the giant Atlas, who held the sky on his shoulders. This magical tree was looked after by the nymphs Hesperides, the daughters of the giant, and it was guarded by a terrible hundred-headed dragon named Ladon, whose eye could see even in a dream. After long wanderings, Hercules came to the country where the giant Atlas held the sky on his shoulders. Atlas promised Hercules to get golden apples for him if he agreed to hold the vault of heaven on his shoulders for that time. Hercules agreed and shouldered the sky on his mighty shoulders. At this time Atlas went for apples and brought them to Hercules. He invited the hero to hold the sky a little longer, and in return he promised to take the golden apples to distant Mycenae. Hercules figured out Atlas's trick and was able to deceive him. Having received the apples, the hero returned to Mycenae.
Slide 10
Dog Cerberus
The upset Eurystheus realizes that he will not be able to get rid of Hercules. The twelfth labor for Hercules: he must bring Cerberus, who guards the kingdom of Hades, Eurystheus. In the hope that Hercules will not return from the kingdom, but Hercules copes with this feat. To do this, Hercules has to strangle the dog, and then release him into the kingdom of shadows, so that he guards the kingdom. Hercules with his mighty hands strangles Cerberus, the three-headed dog guarding Hades.
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Hercules and DeianiraHercules completed his exploits, but his trials do not end. He chooses Princess Deianira as his wife. While traveling, they need to swim across a river that has overflowed. Dejanira sits on the back of the centaur Nessa, this centaur wants to kidnap her. Then Hercules decides to shoot an arrow at the centaur, dying, the centaur advises his wife to collect his blood in order to preserve her husband’s love. But a few years later, Hercules falls in love with another woman. Then Dejanira decides to use the centaur's magical blood. But the blood of Nessus, who died from an arrow smeared with poison, has already turned into poison. Death of a hero Writhing in pain, trying to tear off all his clothes, which are soaked in the blood of Nessus and are torn off along with the skin. Deianira realizes that she herself killed her husband and commits suicide. Hercules throws himself into a big fire to get rid of his torment. He becomes a hero, whom the gods allow to Olympus and endow him with immortality. Hercules dies in fire and gains immortality. He remains the most famous Greek hero.
Slide 12
The image of Hercules in art
Hercules is a very popular hero; films are made about him, music is created, even computer games are created.
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Myths of Ancient Greece (Hellas)Myths are stories,
created many years ago.
Many of them talk about
lives of gods and heroes.
The Greeks believed that
there are many gods.
The main one is Zeus the Thunderer.
The gods live on the mountain
Olympus.
Argos
Gods and heroes of Ancient Greece.
ZeusGrayi
Orpheus
Hercules
Athena
Charon
Achilles
Perseus
Icarus
Daedalus
Theseus
Hades
Hermes
Poseidon
Hypnos and
Thanatos
Medusa Gorgon
Atlanta
Prometheus
Odysseus
Jason
Zeus.
Zeus is the supreme god.God of sky, thunder and
lightning, supreme
guardian
justice,
patron of those who pray
and wanderers. Son
Titan Kronos and Rhea.
Throwing into Tartarus
his father Kronos,
became the lord of the gods and
people. Attributes
Zeus had the aegis
(shield), scepter, sometimes
eagle;
residence
Olympus (Zeus Olympian) was considered. Brother of Hades
Demeter and Poseidon.
Zeus corresponds
Roman Jupiter. Hypnos and
Thanatos
Hypnos is the personification of sleep,
deity of sleep. Son of Nikta-night
and the twin brother of Thanatosdeath. Father of the god of sleep Morpheus.
Athena
Athena (Pallas Athena)- goddess of just war and
victory, as well as wisdom,
knowledge, arts and crafts;
warrior, patroness
cities and states, sciences and
crafts, intelligence, dexterity,
ingenuity,
daughter of Hera and favorite daughter of Zeus.
Hades
Hades (Hades, Pluto) -god of the underworld and
kingdom of the dead. His
name means
"invisible" and
replaces another name,
inspiring people
religious horror. Hades
- also the kingdom itself
dead. To this kingdom
never penetrate
rays of the sun.
Cerberus
Charon
To the kingdom of Hades across the riverAcheron transports souls
dead old Charon. Here
sacred flows
people and gods the river Styx and
comes out of the bowels of the earth
spring of Summer, giving
oblivion to everything earthly.
The gloomy fields of Hades are overgrown
wild tulips, and above
they carry light shadows
dead, whose groans are like
the quiet rustling of leaves.
Three headed ferocious dog
Kerberus (Cerberus), on the neck
which with hissing
snakes move, let in
he doesn’t let everyone out here
no one. No one gets here
joy or sorrow of earth
life.
Charon
Daedalus and Icarus
Daedalus ("skilled") Born in Athens, wherebecame famous as a skilled architect and
inventor. Was sentenced to death for
what he killed out of envy of his more
talented student - nephew of Talas,
throwing him off the cliff of the Acropolis. The gods, however,
helped him escape to Crete, where he was
accepted by Minos. On his instructions he built
Labyrinth for containing the Minotaur. Minos
generously rewarded Daedalus and offered
stay in Crete forever, to which Daedalus
refused. Minos forbade taking
Daedalus to the ships. Then he ran away from him
through the air on wings of feathers,
sealed with wax, completed together with
son Icarus flight with Fr. Crete on
coast of M. Asia, then to Sicily. Icarus,
rising too close to the sun (from
the rays of which the wax melted) fell into the sea.
Hermes
Depicted with wingssandals and a helmet with
wings.
God of trade, profit,
intelligence, dexterity,
deception, theft and
eloquence giving
wealth and income in
trade, god of gymnastics.
Patron of heralds,
ambassadors, shepherds and
travelers; patron
magic and astrology.
Messenger of the gods and
conductor of the souls of the dead in
underground kingdom of Hades.
Invented measures, numbers,
the alphabet and taught people.
Medusa Gorgon
Gorgons - three sisters (Pheno, Euryale andMedusa), winged female monsters with
snakes instead of hair, with fangs; sight
Gorgons turned all living things into stone. From
three Gorgons, the only mortal is Medusa,
Perseus killed her. Gorgons lived in the west
the shores of the Ocean, near the Hesperides.
In the beginning the gorgons were beautiful
girls. Athena began to envy them, and
on her initiative the girls were banished to the extreme
West. There their appearance gradually changed:
the heads of the gorgons were covered with dragon scales,
they grew huge fangs, copper hands
and golden wings. However, this did not quench
Athena's envy. To kill a mortal
Medusa she chooses Perseus, who
with the help of the gods he completed the task.
Grayi
Graii - (Greek old women),two or three daughters
the stormy sea of Forkis and
abyss of Keto, sisters
Gorgon. Had
beautiful cheeks and
gray from birth
hair. Agreed
help Perseus find and
kill the gorgon Medusa
after the hero
stole from them
the only one for three
an eye and a single tooth.
Orpheus and Eurydice
Orpheus - Thracian singer, son of the muse Calliope andthe god Apollo charmed the gods with miraculous singing and
people, tamed the wild forces of nature. Orpheus
took part in the campaign of the Argonauts to Colchis, and,
although he was not a great warrior, it happened that
It was he who saved his comrades with his songs. So,
when the Argo sailed past the island of the Sirens, Orpheus
sang even more beautifully than the sirens, and the Argonauts did not
succumbed to their charms.
No less than with his art, Orpheus
became famous for his love for his young wife
Eurydice. Orpheus went down to Hades for Eurydice and
charmed the guard of Cerberus with his singing. Hades and
Persephone agreed to let Eurydice go, but with
condition that Orpheus will go ahead and not
turns around to look at his wife. Orpheus
violated this prohibition, turned to look at her, and
Eurydice disappeared forever. Coming to earth, Orpheus did not
lived for a long time without a wife.
Musey's teacher or father.
Perseus
Perseus Famous hero,son of Zeus and Danae, daughters
Argive king Acrisius.
Akrisius once was
it is predicted that he will die from
grandson's hands. To avoid
this, Acrisius concluded to Danae
into the copper tower, where there was no
access to no mortal.
To a mortal - yes, but Greece was
inhabited not only by mortals
people... Zeus was cunning
infiltrate Danae's tower
in the form of golden rain
result through due process
that time she gave birth to Perseus. Danaë is the mother of Perseus.
Perseus is depicted with his head
Gorgon Medusa.
Poseidon
Poseidon(in Roman mythology Neptune) -
in Greek mythology one of
main Olympian gods.
It can be assumed that
it was originally associated with
ancient deity
revered in the form of a horse. About
that's what the nickname says
Poseidon Hippias, mention
among the sons of Poseidon horses
and the fact that he was later revered
as a patron of horse breeding; V
his honor was arranged
Isthmian Games with Horses
run.
Who are called heroes in myths?
The hero is the son ordescendant of a deity and
mortal man. Parthenon
Atlanta
When your heart is heavy and your chest is cold,Come to the steps of the Hermitage at dusk.
Where, without drink and bread, forgotten for centuries,
Atlanteans hold the sky on stone hands...
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Ancient Greek mythology is the mythology of the ancient Greeks, closely intertwined with their religion. She had a huge influence on the development of culture and art around the world and laid the foundation for countless religious ideas about man, heroes and gods.
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Hercules (Labours of Hercules) Hercules is a national Greek hero. The great ancient Greek hero Hercules was the son of Zeus and the mortal woman Alcmene, daughter of the king of Mycenae. From the very birth, Hercules was pursued by Zeus's wife, the goddess Hera, who was angry that her husband had entered into a relationship with Alcmene. On the day before the birth of Hercules, Zeus announced that the baby who would be the first to appear on that day among the descendants of Perseus would rule over all relatives. Hera, having learned about this, accelerated the birth of Perseid's wife Sthenel, who gave birth to the weak and cowardly Eurystheus. Zeus involuntarily had to agree that Hercules, who was born after this by Alcmena, would obey Eurystheus - but not all his life, but only until he accomplished 12 great feats in his service.
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The first labor of Hercules: Hercules strangled the huge Nemean lion, which was born by the monsters Typhon and Echidna and caused devastation in Argolis. Hercules' arrows bounced off the lion's thick skin, but the hero stunned the beast with his club and strangled him with his hands. In memory of this first feat, Hercules established the Nemean Games, which were celebrated in the ancient Peloponnese every two years.
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The second labor of Hercules: Hercules killed the Lernaean hydra - a monster with the body of a snake and 9 heads of a dragon, which crawled out of a swamp near the city of Lerna, killed people and destroyed entire herds. In place of each hydra head severed by the hero, two new ones grew until Hercules’ assistant, Iolaus, began to burn the hydra’s necks with burning tree trunks. He also killed a giant crayfish that crawled out of the swamp to help the hydra. Hercules soaked his arrows in the poisonous bile of the Lernaean hydra, making them deadly.
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The third labor of Hercules Stymphalian birds attacked people and livestock, tearing them apart with copper claws and beaks. In addition, they dropped deadly bronze feathers from a height like arrows. The goddess Athena gave Hercules two tympanums, with the sounds of which he scared away the birds. When they flew up in a flock, Hercules shot some of them with a bow, and the rest flew away in horror to the shores of the Pontus Euxine (Black Sea) and never returned to Greece.
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The fourth labor of Hercules The Kerynean doe with golden horns and copper legs, sent as punishment to people by the goddess Artemis, never knowing fatigue, rushed around Arcadia and devastated the fields. Hercules chased the doe at a run for a whole year, reaching in pursuit of her the sources of the Istra (Danube) in the far north and then returning back to Hellas. Here Hercules wounded the doe in the leg with an arrow, caught her and brought her alive to Eurystheus in Mycenae.
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The fifth labor of Hercules Possessing monstrous strength, the Erymanthian boar terrified the entire surrounding area. On the way to fight him, Hercules visited his friend, the centaur Pholus. He treated the hero to wine, angering the other centaurs, since the wine belonged to all of them, and not to Fol alone. The centaurs rushed at Hercules, but with archery he forced the attackers to hide with the centaur Chiron. Pursuing the centaurs, Hercules burst into the cave of Chiron and accidentally killed this wise hero of many Greek myths with an arrow. Having found the Erymanthian boar, Hercules drove it into deep snow, and it got stuck there. The hero took the tied boar to Mycenae, where the frightened Eurystheus, at the sight of this monster, hid in a large jug.
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The sixth labor of Hercules King Augeas of Elis, the son of the sun god Helios, received from his father numerous herds of white and red bulls. His huge barnyard had not been cleared for 30 years. Hercules offered Augeas to clear the stall in a day, asking in return for a tenth of his herds. Believing that the hero could not cope with the work in one day, Augeias agreed. Hercules blocked the rivers Alpheus and Peneus with a dam and diverted their water to Augeas's farmyard - all the manure was washed away from it in a day. The greedy Augeas did not give Hercules the promised payment for his work. A few years later, having already been freed from service with Eurystheus, Hercules gathered an army, defeated Augeas and killed him. After this victory, Hercules founded the famous Olympic Games in Elis, near the city of Pisa.
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The seventh labor of Hercules God Poseidon gave the Cretan king Minos a beautiful bull to sacrifice himself. But Minos left the wonderful bull in his herd, and sacrificed another to Poseidon. The angry god sent the bull into a frenzy: he began to rush all over Crete, destroying everything along the way. Hercules caught the bull, tamed it, and swam on its back across the sea from Crete to the Peloponnese. Eurystheus ordered the bull to be released. He, again enraged, rushed from Mycenae to the north, where he was killed in Attica by the Athenian hero Theseus.
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The Eighth Labor of Hercules The Thracian king Diomedes owned horses of wondrous beauty and strength, which could only be kept in a stall with iron chains. Diomedes fed the horses with human meat, killing the foreigners who came to him. Hercules led the horses away by force and defeated Diomedes, who rushed in pursuit, in battle. During this time, the horses tore to pieces Hercules' companion, Abdera, who was guarding them on the ships.
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The Ninth Labor of Hercules The Queen of the Amazons, Hippolyta, wore a belt given to her by the god Ares as a sign of her power. Eurystheus's daughter, Admeta, wanted this belt. Hercules with a detachment of heroes sailed to the kingdom of the Amazons, to the shores of the Pontus Euxine (Black Sea). Hippolyta, at the request of Hercules, wanted to give up the belt voluntarily, but other Amazons attacked the hero and killed several of his companions. Hercules defeated seven of the strongest warriors in battle and put their army to flight. Hippolyta gave him the belt as a ransom for the captured Amazon Melanippe.
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The Tenth Labor of Hercules On the westernmost edge of the earth, the giant Geryon, who had three torsos, three heads, six arms and six legs, was tending cows. By order of Eurystheus, Hercules went after these cows. The long journey to the west itself was already a feat, and in memory of it, Hercules erected two stone (Hercules) pillars on both sides of a narrow strait near the shores of the Ocean (modern Gibraltar). Geryon lived on the island of Erithia. So that Hercules could reach him, the sun god Helios gave him his horses and a golden boat, on which he himself sails across the sky every day.
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The Eleventh Labor of Hercules By order of Eurystheus, Hercules descended through the Tenar abyss into the dark kingdom of the god of the dead Hades in order to take away his guard - the three-headed dog Cerberus, whose tail ended with the head of a dragon. At the very gates of the underworld, Hercules freed the Athenian hero Theseus, rooted to the rock, who, together with his friend, Periphoes, was punished by the gods for trying to steal his wife Persephone from Hades. In the kingdom of the dead, Hercules met the shadow of the hero Meleager, to whom he promised to become the protector of his lonely sister Deianira and marry her. The ruler of the underworld, Hades, himself allowed Hercules to take Cerberus away - but only if the hero was able to tame him. Having found Cerberus, Hercules began to fight him. He half-strangled the dog, pulled him out of the ground and brought him to Mycenae. The cowardly Eurystheus, at one glance at the terrible dog, began to beg Hercules to take her back, which he did.
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The Twelfth Labor of Hercules Hercules had to find the way to the great titan Atlas (Atlas), who holds the firmament on his shoulders at the edge of the earth. Eurystheus ordered Hercules to take three golden apples from the golden tree in the garden of Atlas. To find out the way to Atlas, Hercules, on the advice of the nymphs, lay in wait for the sea god Nereus on the seashore, grabbed him and held him until he showed the right road. On the way to Atlas through Libya, Hercules had to fight the cruel giant Antaeus, who received new powers by touching his mother, Earth-Gaia. After a long fight, Hercules lifted Antaeus into the air and strangled him without lowering him to the ground. In Egypt, King Busiris wanted to sacrifice Hercules to the gods, but the angry hero killed Busiris along with his son.
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Herodotus Herodotus is an ancient Greek historian, nicknamed the "father of history." One of the first geographers and travel scientists. Based on what he saw and questioned information, he gave the first general description of the then known world. To write his famous “History”, it is assumed that he traveled to almost all the famous countries of his time: Greece, Southern Italy, Asia Minor, Egypt, Babylonia, Persia, visited most of the islands of the Mediterranean Sea, visited the Black Sea, Crimea (up to Chersonesus ) and in the country of the Scythians. The author of works devoted to the description of the Greco-Persian wars outlining the history of the Achaemenid state, Egypt, etc. gave the first description of the life and everyday life of the Scythians.
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The Legend of Arion This story is told in Corinth and on the island of Lesbos. In former times, Arion lived in the city of Methymna, famous for his incomparable playing of the cithara. For many years he served under Periander, the ruler of Corinth. But the time came when he wanted to go to Italy and Sicelia. Having earned great wealth there, Arion prepared to return. He hired a ship from Corinthian sailors, who turned out to be dishonest people. They envied Arion's wealth and decided to throw him overboard on the open sea. No matter how much Arion begged the shipmen, they could not soften their hearts. They ordered the poor fellow to either take his own life or immediately throw himself into the sea. Then Arion asked for his last wish: to be allowed to sing in full singer’s attire, standing on the rowers’ bench. Having finished the song, “he, in all his finery, rushed into the sea.” The ship has sailed. Despair gripped Arion's heart, but he was not destined to drown. The dolphin picked him up on his back and carried him to Tenar. Rejoicing at his unexpected rescue, Arion went ashore and headed straight to Corinth. In his homeland, he told Periander everything that had happened to him, but the tyrant (ruler) did not believe the story. He took Arion into custody, and then ordered the shipmen to be brought to him. At first, the shipbuilders wanted to deceive Periander. They said that Arion lives and lives somewhere in Italy. But suddenly Arion suddenly appeared in front of the shipbuilders in the very clothes in which he threw himself into the sea. “The stricken shipmen could no longer deny their guilt, since they had been exposed.” The greedy shipbuilders were punished, and Arion returned his wealth. Since then, Tenar has had a sacrificial gift from Arion - a copper statue depicting a man on a dolphin.
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Homer "Odyssey" In "Odyssey" Homer tells how the Greeks quarreled with the Trojans and went to war against them (all their kings). Odysseus did not want to go, but he was forced for company. When the Greeks won the war, Odysseus went home by sea, but because of the god Poseidon’s resentment towards him, he constantly got into trouble (Scylla and Charybdis ate the ships, the witch turned the companions into pigs, some were killed by the Cyclops). Finally, Odysseus was left alone for some time to live on the island with a nymph, but he really wanted to go home and she gave him a raft. Returning home, Odysseus realized that he was considered dead and a crowd of admirers was following his wife. He changed clothes, put on makeup, entered his house and killed them all. And then he lived happily ever after with his wife Penelope.
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Religious ideas of the ancient Greeks about the world of the gods The religious ideas and religious life of the ancient Greeks were in close connection with their entire historical life. The gods lived on Mount Olympus. There was a hierarchy between them, like between people: there were main Gods, minor ones, demigods (heroes in Greek mythology, for example Hercules). The gods were present in the life of the Greeks as naturally as all Greek nature. They often interfered in people's lives and competed with each other for influence on people.
THE BIRTH OF ZEUS Cronus was not sure that power would forever remain in his hands. He was afraid that his children would rebel against him and would subject him to the same fate to which he doomed his father Uranus. He was afraid of his children. And Kron ordered his wife Rhea to bring him the children that were born and mercilessly swallowed them. Rhea was horrified when she saw the fate of her children. Cronus has already swallowed five: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades (Hades) and Poseidon.
Rhea did not want to lose her last child. On the advice of her parents, Uranus - Heaven and Gaia - Earth, she retired to the island of Crete, and there, in a deep cave, her youngest son Zeus was born. In this cave, Rhea hid her son from her cruel father, and instead of her son she gave him a long stone wrapped in swaddling clothes to swallow. Krohn had no idea that he had been deceived by his wife.
Zeus, meanwhile, grew up in Crete. The nymphs Adrastea and Idea cherished little Zeus; they fed him with the milk of the divine goat Amalthea. The bees brought honey to little Zeus from the slopes of the high mountain Dikta. At the entrance to the cave, the young Kuretes struck their shields with their swords every time little Zeus cried, so that Kronos would not hear him cry, and Zeus would not suffer the fate of his brothers and sisters.
ZEUS OVERTHROWS THE CROWN. THE STRUGGLE OF THE OLYMPIAN GODS WITH THE TITANS The beautiful and powerful god Zeus grew up and matured. He rebelled against his father and forced him to bring back into the world the children he had absorbed. One after another, Kron spewed out his children from the mouth - the gods, beautiful and bright. They began to fight with Kron and the Titans for power over the world.
Finally, Zeus decided to free the hundred-armed giants - the Hecatoncheires - from the bowels of the earth; he called them to help. Terrible, huge as mountains, they emerged from the bowels of the earth and rushed into battle. They tore entire rocks from the mountains and threw them at the titans. Hundreds of rocks flew towards the titans when they approached Olympus. The earth groaned, a roar filled the air, everything around was shaking. Even Tartarus shuddered from this struggle.
Zeus threw fiery lightning and deafeningly roaring thunder one after another. Fire engulfed the entire earth, the seas boiled, smoke and stench covered everything with a thick veil. Finally, the mighty titans wavered. Their strength was broken, they were defeated. The Olympians chained them and cast them into gloomy Tartarus, into eternal darkness. At the copper indestructible gates of Tartarus, the hundred-armed hecatoncheires stood guard, and they guard so that the mighty titans do not break free from Tartarus again. The power of the titans in the world has passed.
THE FIGHT OF ZEUS WITH TYPHON But the struggle did not end there. Gaia - The Earth was angry with the Olympian Zeus for treating her defeated children - the Titans - so harshly. She married the gloomy Tartarus and gave birth to the terrible hundred-headed monster Typhon. Huge, with a hundred dragon heads, Typhon rose from the bowels of the earth.
He shook the air with a wild howl. The barking of dogs, human voices, the roar of an angry bull, the roar of a lion were heard in this howl. Turbulent flames swirled around Typhon, and the earth shook under his heavy steps. The gods shuddered with horror, but Zeus, the thunderer, boldly rushed at him, and the battle broke out.
Hundreds of fiery arrows rained down - the lightning of the thunderer Zeus; it seemed as if their fire was making the very air burn and the dark thunderclouds were burning. Zeus incinerated all of Typhon's hundred heads. Typhon collapsed to the ground; such heat emanated from his body that everything around him melted.
Zeus raised Typhon's body and threw it into the gloomy Tartarus, which gave birth to him. But even in Tartarus, Typhon also threatens the gods and all living things. It causes storms and eruptions; he gave birth to Echidna, a half-woman - half-snake, the terrible two-headed dog Orff, the hellish dog Kerberus, the Lernaean hydra and the Chimera; Typhon often shakes the earth.
The great thunderer Zeus saw her, fell in love and kidnapped her from Thetis. The gods celebrated the wedding of Zeus and Hera magnificently. Iris and the Charites clothed Hera in luxurious clothes, and she shone with her youthful, majestic beauty among the host of gods of Olympus, sitting on a golden throne next to the great king of gods and people, Zeus.
All the gods presented gifts to the queen Hera, and the Earth goddess Gaia grew from her bowels a wondrous apple tree with golden fruits as a gift to Hera. Everything in nature glorified Queen Hera and King Zeus. Hera reigns on high Olympus. She, like her husband Zeus, commands thunder and lightning, at her word the sky is covered with dark rain clouds, and with a wave of her hand she raises menacing storms.
The great Hera is beautiful, hair-eyed, lily-armed, wondrous curls fall from under her crown in a wave, her eyes glow with power and calm majesty. The gods honor Hera, and her husband, the cloud suppressor Zeus, honors her, and often consults with her. But quarrels between Zeus and Hera are also common. Hera often objects to Zeus and argues with him at the councils of the gods. Then the Thunderer gets angry and threatens his wife with punishment. Then Hera falls silent and restrains her anger. She remembers how Zeus subjected her to scourging, how he bound her with golden chains and hung her between the earth and the sky, tying two heavy anvils to her feet.
Hera is powerful, there is no goddess equal to her in power. Majestic, in long luxurious clothes woven by Athena herself, in a chariot drawn by two immortal horses, she rides down from Olympus. The chariot is all made of silver, the wheels are made of pure gold, and their spokes sparkle with copper. Fragrance spreads across the ground where Hera passes. All living things bow before her, the great queen of Olympus.
APHRODITE Aphrodite was originally the goddess of the sky, sending rain, and also, apparently, the goddess of the sea. The myth of Aphrodite and her cult were strongly influenced by Eastern influence, mainly by the cult of the Phoenician goddess Astarte. Gradually Aphrodite becomes the goddess of love. The god of love Eros (Cupid) is her son. It is not for the pampered, flighty goddess Aphrodite to interfere in bloody battles. She awakens love in the hearts of gods and mortals. Thanks to this power, she reigns over the whole world.
No one can escape her power, not even the gods. Only the warrior Athena, Hestia and Artemis are not subject to her power. Tall, slender, with delicate features, with a soft wave of golden hair lying like a crown on her beautiful head, Aphrodite is the personification of divine beauty and unfading youth. When she walks, in the radiance of her beauty, in fragrant clothes, then the sun shines brighter, the flowers bloom more luxuriantly.
Wild forest animals run towards her from the thicket of the forest; Birds flock to her as she walks through the forest. Lions, panthers, leopards and bears meekly caress her. Aphrodite walks calmly among the wild animals, proud of her radiant beauty. Her companions Ora and Harita, goddesses of beauty and grace, serve her. They dress the goddess in luxurious clothes, comb her golden hair, and crown her head with a sparkling diadem.
Near the island of Cythera, Aphrodite, daughter of Uranus, was born from the snow-white foam of sea waves. A light, caressing breeze brought her to the island of Cyprus. There the young Oras surrounded the goddess of love who emerged from the sea waves. They clothed her in gold-woven clothing and crowned her with a wreath of fragrant flowers.
Wherever Aphrodite stepped, flowers grew magnificently. The whole air was full of fragrance. Eros and Himerot led the wondrous goddess to Olympus. The gods greeted her loudly. Since then, golden Aphrodite, forever young, the most beautiful of goddesses, has always lived among the gods of Olympus.
APOLLO God of light, golden-haired Apollo, was born on the island of Delos. His mother Latona, driven by the wrath of the goddess Hera, could not find shelter for herself anywhere. Pursued by the dragon Python sent by Hera, she wandered all over the world and finally took refuge in Delos, which at that time was rushing along the waves of a stormy sea. As soon as Latona entered Delos, huge pillars rose from the depths of the sea and stopped this deserted island.
But then the god of light Apollo was born, and streams of bright light spread everywhere. They covered the rocks of Delos like gold. Everything around blossomed and sparkled: the coastal cliffs, Mount Kint, the valley, and the sea. The goddesses gathered on Delos loudly praised the born god, offering him ambrosia and nectar. All nature around rejoiced along with the goddesses.
THE FIGHT OF APOLLO WITH PYTHON AND THE FOUNDATION OF THE DELPHIC ORACLE Young, luminous Apollo rushed across the azure sky with a cithara in his hands, with a silver bow over his shoulders; golden arrows rang loudly in his quiver. Proud, jubilant, Apollo rushed high above the earth, threatening everything evil, everything born of darkness. He strove to where the formidable Python lived, pursuing his mother Latona; he wanted to take revenge on him for all the evil that he caused her.
Apollo quickly reached the gloomy gorge, the home of Python. Rocks rose all around, reaching high into the sky. Darkness reigned in the gorge. A mountain stream, gray with foam, rushed rapidly along its bottom, and mists swirled above the stream. The terrible Python crawled out of his lair. His huge body, covered with scales, twisted between the rocks in countless rings. Rocks and mountains trembled from the weight of his body and moved from place.
The furious Python brought devastation to everything, he spread death all around. The nymphs and all living things fled in horror. Python rose, powerful, furious, opened his terrible mouth and was ready to devour the golden-haired Apollo. Then the ringing of the string of a silver bow was heard, as a spark flashed in the air of a golden arrow that could not miss, followed by another, a third; arrows rained down on Python, and he fell lifeless to the ground.
The triumphant victory song (paean) of the golden-haired Apollo, the conqueror of Python, sounded loudly, and the golden strings of the god’s cithara echoed it. Apollo buried the body of Python in the ground where the sacred Delphi stands, and founded a sanctuary and an oracle in Delphi in order to prophesy the will of his father Zeus to people in it.
From a high shore far out to sea, Apollo saw a ship of Cretan sailors. In the guise of a dolphin, he rushed into the blue sea, overtook the ship and flew up from the sea waves to its stern like a radiant star. Apollo brought the ship to the pier of the city of Chris and led the Cretan sailors through a fertile valley, playing the golden cithara, to Delphi. He made them the first priests of his sanctuary.
ARES God of war, frantic Ares, is the son of the thunderer Zeus and Hera. Zeus doesn't like him. He often tells his son that he is the most hated among the gods of Olympus. Zeus does not like his son for his bloodthirstiness. If Ares had not been his son, he would have long ago cast him into the gloomy Tartarus, where the titans languish. The heart of the ferocious Ares is pleased only by brutal battles. Furious, he rushes among the roar of weapons, screams and groans of battle between the combatants, in sparkling weapons, with a huge shield. Following him rush his sons, Deimos and Phobos - horror and fear, and next to them is the goddess of discord Eris and the murderous goddess Enyuo.
The battle is boiling and roaring; Ares rejoices; The warriors fall with a groan. Ares triumphs when he slays a warrior with his terrible sword and hot blood flows to the ground. He strikes indiscriminately both right and left; a pile of bodies around a cruel god. Ares is fierce, furious, and formidable, but victory does not always accompany him. Ares often has to give way on the battlefield to the warlike daughter of Zeus, Athena - Pallas. She defeats Ares with wisdom and a calm consciousness of strength.
Often, mortal heroes defeat Ares, especially if they are helped by the bright-eyed Athena - Pallas. This is how the hero Diomedes struck Ares with a copper spear under the walls of Troy. Athena herself directed the blow. The terrible cry of the wounded god echoed far across the army of the Trojans and Greeks. As if ten thousand warriors screamed at once, entering into a fierce battle, Ares, covered in copper armor, screamed in pain. The Greeks and Trojans shuddered in horror, and the frantic Ares rushed, shrouded in a dark cloud, covered in blood, complaining about Athena to his father Zeus. But Father Zeus did not listen to his complaints. He does not love his son, who only enjoys strife, battles and murder.
POSEIDON AND THE DEITIES OF THE SEA Deep in the depths of the sea stands the wonderful palace of the great brother of the thunderer Zeus, the earth shaker Poseidon. Poseidon rules over the seas, and the waves of the sea are obedient to the slightest movement of his hand, armed with a formidable trident. There, in the depths of the sea, lives with Poseidon and his beautiful wife Amphitrite, the daughter of the prophetic sea elder Nereus, who was kidnapped by the great ruler of the sea depths Poseidon from her father. He once saw her dancing in a circle with her Nereid sisters on the shore of the island of Naxos. Deep in the depths of the sea stands the wonderful palace of the great brother of the thunderer Zeus, the earth shaker Poseidon. Poseidon rules over the seas, and the waves of the sea are obedient to the slightest movement of his hand, armed with a formidable trident. There, in the depths of the sea, lives with Poseidon and his beautiful wife Amphitrite, the daughter of the prophetic sea elder Nereus, who was kidnapped by the great ruler of the sea depths Poseidon from her father. He once saw her dancing in a circle with her Nereid sisters on the shore of the island of Naxos.
The god of the sea was captivated by the beautiful Amphitrite and wanted to take her away in his chariot. But Amphitrite took refuge with the titan Atlas, who holds the vault of heaven on his mighty shoulders. For a long time Poseidon could not find the beautiful daughter of Nereus. Finally, a dolphin opened her hiding place to him; For this service, Poseidon placed the dolphin among the celestial constellations. Poseidon stole the beautiful daughter Nereus from Atlas and married her.
Since then, Amphitrite has lived with her husband Poseidon in an underwater palace. Sea waves roar high above the palace. Hundreds of sea deities surround Poseidon, obedient to his will. Among them is Poseidon's son Triton, who with the thunderous sound of his shell trumpet causes menacing storms. Among the deities are Amphitrite’s beautiful sisters, the Nereids. Poseidon rules over the sea. When he rushes across the sea in his chariot drawn by wondrous horses, then the ever-noisy waves part and make way for the ruler Poseidon.
Equal in beauty to Zeus himself, he quickly rushes across the boundless sea, and dolphins play around him, fish swim out of the depths of the sea and crowd around his chariot. When Poseidon waves his formidable trident, then sea waves, covered with white crests of foam, rise like mountains, and a fierce storm rages on the sea. Then the sea waves crash noisily against the coastal rocks and shake the earth. But Poseidon extends his trident over the waves, and they calm down. The storm subsides, the sea is calm again, smooth as a mirror, and barely audibly splashes along the shore - blue, boundless. Equal in beauty to Zeus himself, he quickly rushes across the boundless sea, and dolphins play around him, fish swim out of the depths of the sea and crowd around his chariot. When Poseidon waves his formidable trident, then sea waves, covered with white crests of foam, rise like mountains, and a fierce storm rages on the sea. Then the sea waves crash noisily against the coastal rocks and shake the earth. But Poseidon extends his trident over the waves, and they calm down. The storm subsides, the sea is calm again, smooth as a mirror, and barely audibly splashes along the shore - blue, boundless.
Many deities surround Zeus's great brother, Poseidon; among them is the prophetic sea elder, Nereus, who knows all the innermost secrets of the future. Nereus is alien to lies and deception; He reveals only the truth to gods and mortals. The advice given by the prophetic elder is wise. Nereus has fifty beautiful daughters. Young Nereids splash merrily in the waves of the sea, sparkling among them with their divine beauty. Holding hands, a line of them swim out of the depths of the sea and dance in a circle on the shore under the gentle splash of the waves of the calm sea quietly rushing onto the shore. The echo of the coastal rocks then repeats the sounds of their gentle singing, like the quiet roar of the sea. The Nereids patronize the sailor and give him a happy voyage.
Among the deities of the sea is the old man Proteus, who, like the sea, changes his image and turns, at will, into various animals and monsters. He is also a prophetic god, you just need to be able to catch him unexpectedly, master him and force him to reveal the secret of the future. Among the companions of the earth shaker Poseidon is the god Glaucus, the patron saint of sailors and fishermen, and he has the gift of divination. Often, emerging from the depths of the sea, he revealed the future and gave wise advice to mortals. The gods of the sea are mighty, their power is great, but the great brother of Zeus, Poseidon, rules over them all.
All seas and all lands flow around the gray Ocean - God is a titan, equal to Zeus himself in honor and glory. He lives far on the borders of the world, and the affairs of the earth do not disturb his heart. Three thousand sons - river gods and three thousand daughters - Oceanids, goddesses of streams and springs, near the Ocean. The sons and daughters of the great god Ocean give prosperity and joy to mortals with their ever-rolling life-giving water; they water the whole earth and all living things with it.
THE KINGDOM OF DARK HADES (PLUTO) Deep underground reigns the inexorable, gloomy brother of Zeus, Hades. His kingdom is full of darkness and horror. The joyful rays of the bright sun never penetrate there. Bottomless abysses lead from the surface of the earth to the sad kingdom of Hades. Dark rivers flow through it. The chilling sacred river Styx flows there, the gods themselves swear by its waters.
Cocytus and Acheron roll their waves there; the souls of the dead resound with their groaning, full of sadness, on their gloomy shores. In the underground kingdom the waters of the spring of Lethe flow and give oblivion to all earthly things. Across the gloomy fields of the kingdom of Hades, overgrown with pale asphodel flowers, ethereal light shadows of the dead rush. They complain about their joyless life without light and without desires. Their moans are heard quietly, barely perceptible, like the rustling of withered leaves driven by the autumn wind. There is no return for anyone from this kingdom of sadness. The three-headed hellish dog Kerber, on whose neck snakes move with a menacing hiss, guards the exit. The stern, old Charon, the carrier of the souls of the dead, will not carry a single soul through the gloomy waters of Acheron back to where the sun of life shines brightly. The souls of the dead in the dark kingdom of Hades are doomed to an eternal, joyless existence.
In this kingdom, to which neither the light, nor the joy, nor the sorrows of earthly life reach, Zeus’s brother, Hades, rules. He sits on a golden throne with his wife Persephone. He is served by the inexorable goddesses of vengeance, Erinyes. Formidable, with whips and snakes, they pursue the criminal; they do not give him a minute of peace and torment him with remorse; You can’t hide from them anywhere, they find their prey everywhere. At the throne of Hades sit the judges of the kingdom of the dead - Minos and Rhadamanthus. Here, at the throne, is the god of death Tanat with a sword in his hands, in a black cloak, with huge black wings.
These wings blow with grave cold when Tanat flies to the bed of a dying man to cut off a strand of hair from his head with her sword and tear out his soul. Next to Tanat are the gloomy Kera. On their wings they rush, frantic, across the battlefield. The Kers rejoice as they see the slain heroes fall one after another; With their bloody red lips they fall to the wounds, greedily drink the hot blood of the slain and tear out their souls from the body.
Here, at the throne of Hades, is the beautiful, young god of sleep Hypnos. He silently flies on his wings above the ground with poppy heads in his hands and pours a sleeping pill from the horn. He gently touches people's eyes with his wonderful rod, quietly closes his eyelids and plunges mortals into a sweet sleep. The god Hypnos is powerful, neither mortals, nor gods, nor even the thunderer Zeus himself can resist him: and Hypnos closes his menacing eyes and plunges him into deep sleep.
The gods of dreams also rush about in the dark kingdom of Hades. Among them there are gods who give prophetic and joyful dreams, but there are also gods who give terrible, depressing dreams that frighten and torment people. There are gods of false dreams, they mislead a person and often lead him to death. The kingdom of the inexorable Hades is full of darkness and horror. There the terrible ghost of Empus with donkey legs wanders in the darkness; it, having lured people into a secluded place in the darkness of the night by cunning, drinks all the blood and devours their still trembling bodies.
The monstrous Lamia also wanders there; she sneaks into the bedrooms of happy mothers at night and steals their children to drink their blood. The great goddess Hecate rules over all ghosts and monsters. She has three bodies and three heads. On a moonless night she wanders in deep darkness along the roads and at the graves with all her terrible retinue, surrounded by Stygian dogs. She sends horrors and painful dreams to the earth and destroys people. Hecate is called upon as an assistant in witchcraft, but she is also the only assistant against witchcraft for those who honor her and sacrifice dogs to her at the crossroads, where three roads diverge. The kingdom of Hades is terrible, and people hate it.
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