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Jim Camp
No: The Best Negotiation Strategy
© James R. Camp, 2007
© Edition in Russian, translation into Russian.
LLC Publishing House "Good Book", 2008
All rights reserved. No part of the electronic version of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including posting on the Internet or corporate networks, for private or public use without the written permission of the copyright owner.
© The electronic version of the book was prepared by liters
To my children
Jim and Cynthia, Scott and Meredith,
Todd, Brian and Christy
Introduction
Best word in English
The best word in English should be “yes”. You give pleasure to another person. You grant the request. You complete a task, make a deal. Everyone is happy, champagne corks are flying into the ceiling. Accordingly, the worst word should be “no” - “no”. It strokes against the grain. It implies refusal and intransigence. It stops negotiations in full swing. This is a professional killer.
This is what the whole world, built on compromises and assumptions, thinks so. In fact, this way of thinking needs to change dramatically. In the negotiation process, the worst word is “yes.” It reveals the fear of defeat, the fear of missing out on a deal, forces you to please your opponent, get ahead of yourself, instantly agree to concessions, and strive to get a deal at any cost. The best The word in such a situation is “no.” This is what you must be ready to pronounce and hear.“No” provides freedom and protection.
Take Bill, for example, a successful sales representative Midwest Widgets, which fulfills Dumont's orders. The companies have been cooperating for seven years. It would seem that nothing foreshadows serious changes. Midwest makes quality devices and sells them at a fair price. However, an almost formal commercial visit to Dumont suddenly takes a threatening turn. Steve, the new purchasing agent, stuns Bill the following statement: “Sorry, but we have decided to change device supplier. I'm tired of Midwest's arrogance, so I decided to choose one of your three competitors who have been knocking on our doors for several years to get at least some deal."
Like most sales managers, Bill immediately realizes that Dumont is simply trying to manipulate him for a discount. However, he believes that the only remedy in this situation is to immediately give up and compromise. Reduce the price and save the business. Bill does some frantic mental calculations. What is the minimum discount that can save the contract with Dumont? What is the maximum discount that could cost him his job? Almost instinctively, he asks Steve what the price of the device should be to maintain the customer relationship. Steve can hardly contain his glee at how simply everything turned out for him: Bill did exactly what they wanted him to do. Steve responds, “I appreciate your willingness to give us a better deal, but I doubt you can do business at any price. However, if you will knock 14 cents off each device, I am ready to put in a good word for you in the committee.”
Lose the contract with Dumont! It's like taking your resume out of your file again and putting your house on the market. Emotional chaos– too soft a description of Bill’s condition in at the moment. Feelings overwhelm him, his heart is ready to jump out of his chest, but he finds the strength to restrain himself and ask for a minute break. Steve agrees and Bill calls Susan, his commercial director. The only way to retain a customer is to provide a large discount, 14 cents per device. Otherwise, Dumont will go to others.
Susan immediately gets involved and dives headfirst into the pool. Bill's failure is her failure. She takes everything Bill says at face value - the same way Bill treats Steve's words. "Maybe he'll settle for 12 cents, Bill?" Both suggest that 14 cents is Bill's limit, but he will try to knock that number down a bit. Both have no idea what is really going on at Dumont. All they know is that they are in a world governed by a win-win strategy: you ask, I give - the deal is done!
I call such negotiations built on fear and compromise. Dumont's Steve manipulates Susan and Bill's fear of failure and losing their contract. He rather crudely tries to manipulate their innate tendency to say “yes” and fear of saying “no”. This trick is as old as time, but it works thousands of times a day. I teach and preach a system based on the word “no”, which helps maintain the status quo in any negotiations. If Steve wants to knock off 14 cents on each device, a "no" from Bill will simply provide a safe bet. It gives Bill the opportunity to make a decision on a full or partial discount or to refuse it based not on momentary emotions, but on an analysis of the facts obtained in the process of successful work.
The book Getting to Yes and many similar publications promoting concessions endorse the subconscious desire to say “yes.” This desire, at the very least, pulls the rug out from under you, creates vague assumptions and fear, while the willingness to say “no” frees and protects you, relieving the emotional stress of negotiations. It provides a strong framework within which the most effective course can be delivered.
To see how this happens, let's look at Bill's situation again. If Bill uses the "no" principle, Steve's stunning statement about 14 cents will not unsettle him, since Bill reacts not emotionally, but systemically. After carefully analyzing the goals and objectives of Midwest Widgets, Bill will realize that his company's management is unlikely to support an offer to make a significant concession just because someone asks for it. Then, armed with this idea, Bill will force Steve and Dumont to spin.
Bill asks Steve several questions, each of which is aimed at making Steve submissions about what switching suppliers really means for Dumont. What did we do wrong, Steve? How many times has Dumont experienced Midwest device failures on the line? Is Dumont willing to take the risk of adopting a new, untested device? Bill asks these questions in a certain way, listens carefully to the answers, makes notes in his notebook. Of course, he knows the real answers: how often Midwest units malfunction, the amount of risk Dumont can take, the quality and price of competitors' units.
In other words, Bill is not agreeing to a large price discount, but he is also putting the negotiation on a solid footing. Like many businessmen, he is afraid that, upon hearing a refusal, Steve will simply slam the door, but believe me, he will not do this. After all, Midwest remained Dumont's supplier for seven years for good reason. Bill and Midwest may or may not make price concessions as a result. In any case, the decision will be based not on emotions and assumptions, but on verified information and Steve's new understanding of all the real consequences of changing suppliers for his company. It is quite possible that such understanding will provide not a discount, but promotion prices. I have repeatedly witnessed such metamorphoses.
Thus, the principle of "no" guides Bill's actions and protects him. The same thing will happen to you. At every step - in your personal life and at work - you enter into all kinds of agreements. This means that you carry out negotiations. And any agreements affect your life no less than anything else. In fact, they control it. With all my life. But how many of us enter into such negotiations fully aware of what we are doing? Almost no one. We often get away with such a frivolous attitude, or so it seems to us. Sometimes we don't even realize we're in the middle of a negotiation, let alone prepare for it. Until it's too late. How many times have you panicked after making a rash decision or entering into an agreement that you hadn’t even thought about and the consequences of which you couldn’t assess? Show me a person who would be able to remain calm when negotiations completely get out of hand: what's going on here, what should I do now?
For example, my friend Ralph. He is a real estate developer who has invested his entire fortune in a project in California. In this region, the public attaches great importance to conservation environment. Ralph had problems with the local council, which was very difficult to resist, and seemed impossible to Ralph. As we enjoyed cocktails and sunset on the veranda, he vented to me his concerns about a group of people trying to put him out of business.
“So what do they want from you, Ralph?”
- Ruin my life. They want to drive me out of the valley.
- No, really, what do they want?
-What do you mean, Jim?
- Negotiation. What do they want to achieve as a result? What motivates them?
My friend silently digested the question, suddenly realizing that he had no idea what they wanted. He began to make ridiculous assumptions one after another. I listened to him for a few minutes, then went into the house and brought out a sheet of paper. We began to draw up an action plan. What were the long-term goals, current goals, and commitments of Ralph's project? What problems need to be considered and overcome? What hopes local community could lay on this development? What were their demands?
Ralph knew what he personally needed from these negotiations. But he had no idea what they wanted They- local council. He had no scheme for getting out of a difficult situation, no idea to guide his work, or a plan for making and ensuring his decisions. He never imagined negotiations as a series of decisions. On the contrary, the whole process was driven by his emotions - apprehensions and some fear. Ralph's head was overloaded with unfounded assumptions. His "crystal ball" was clouded, which was even worse than not having a ball. No wonder he was immediately confused and dreaded his next meeting with this council.
Ralph realized that he was able to negotiate on the basis decisions made and use the word “no” to his advantage, and carried them out with a great deal of self-confidence and skill. As a result, its construction was completed on time to everyone's satisfaction. The purpose of my book is to present my concept, the same one that I demonstrated to Ralph 20 years ago. And I still continue to share my conclusions with clients. Negotiations are always negotiations, regardless of their subject:
Concluding a billion-dollar deal that decides the fate of a business;
Submitting an application to your boss for a promotion;
Admission to university;
Resolving a dispute with the pool contractor (or homeowner);
Trying to put the child to sleep;
Obtaining a summer seasonal job or first employment;
Child's behavior at school.
My system allows you to discuss any issues. No more unreasonable hopes and hopes. No fear or panic. You will always understand what your true position is and what to do next. No guesswork or unnecessary concessions. No meaningless answers or suggestions that you will immediately regret. You will learn to view any conflict or discussion with another person as a negotiation that you can manage through planning and informed decision making.
Chaos Not should be neither at work nor at home. There is a more comfortable way of existence. My No System is a set of clear principles and practical steps that you will follow step by step. It is intended for parents and children, entrepreneurs, professional corporate negotiators, company executives, teachers, realtors, bankers, politicians, diplomats, carpenters.
I want you to look at negotiations from a different point of view - a fundamentally different one - and see this process not as a chore or a nightmare, but as a task, the process of solving which will give you pleasure. The “no” system allows you to largely control the outcome. You will no longer be amazed: what is happening, what should I do now? This will forever remain in the past. You are now safe. Your rear is protected.
* * *
To understand the power of the word “no,” you must understand that “no” rejects the “concession-assumption” paradigm that dominates negotiation processes today. If this made you wince (after all, who doesn't want to find themselves on the "path to agreement"), read at least a few more pages. The “no” system is not a method of total denial. It gives rise to a completely different paradigm of negotiations, which gives your life and work common sense and introduces an intellectual component.
If you're a stickler for compulsory compromise and endless guesswork, many business people(I am among them) will be happy to invite you to lunch every day. All of them have strategies developed at the highest level, sole purpose which - use weak points your thinking, i.e., constant readiness for compromise and assumptions. I want you to know that with these tactics and strategies, they easily achieve their goal, making mincemeat of their negotiating opponents and their businesses every day. Think about Steve and Dumont. I want you to switch roles with these people. The "no" system will give you a decisive advantage over Steve's tactics and any other negotiation strategies. In the book I give real stories my clients who have used my system and achieved great success. You'll learn first-hand about the dramatic, daily impact of saying "no."
For a change, I sometimes explain my “no” system using the example of how my granddaughter Lily negotiates bedtime with her mother every night. I witnessed a three-year-old girl tell her mother “no” five times in a row and eventually get what she wanted. Of course, Lily was not afraid to say or hear “no”, she simply continued the negotiation process. Persistence is very important for the success of denial.
If you have children, you know that every child hears "no" at the beginning. , but not in end of negotiations. An adult is accustomed and brought up to be afraid of this word, therefore, working with clients and audiences, I have to gradually and carefully prove that in practice a polite “no”, spoken, calmly listened to, and also provoking, has great value in the process of negotiations. In fact, by encouraging the other party to say “no,” any barriers can be broken down and a mutually beneficial dialogue can begin. By allowing someone to say “no,” we let off steam and reduce the intensity of emotions. But since we're talking about children, let's assume that you are a parent and you've been called into school to report your child's lack of self-control and respect for elders. Storm clouds are gathering, the conversation promises to be difficult. You've already talked to Johnny and come up with a plan to solve the problem and help the boy get back on track. the right way. You came to school, hoping for sympathy from the teacher. This negotiation is simple and straightforward, so you need to start the conversation by saying that you have your own plan of action, but you do not mind if the teacher does not agree with some of your ideas. You want the teacher to be able to say “no” easily. It is best to explain at the first opportunity: “Mrs. Jones, I have noticed that Johnny has become restless, so I have made a plan to overcome the problems that his behavior may create. If you disagree with me on something, I will be happy to listen to your objections and ideas. So, I have the opinion that...”
Such an unambiguous request to object and disagree allows the teacher to relax, feel more natural and, if necessary, present you with a real picture of what is happening. But you must make such a proposal consciously and informally, since it is likely that you do not know at all what is really going on at school.
If you are a teacher, you can start the conversation like this: “Mr. Smith, I don’t know you very well personally. But I know Johnny. He is a good boy, but some of his actions puzzle me. Can I ask you a few questions in this regard? Please correct me if I'm wrong." This is a slightly more subtle invitation to say no, but the teacher must also be honest about it. For both the parent and the teacher, a simple “no” can be liberating. Barriers immediately disappear, allowing you to join forces to solve the problem.
But let's get back to business. Suppose your company is stuck in an enslaving contract, in which you were drawn into by a negotiator who has not worked for you for a long time. Under this contract, you lose money on every delivery. Something needs to be sacrificed. A likely strategy is to call “the very top” of the partner company and frankly say: “We made a huge mistake in those negotiations. You probably understood this already then. I realized only now. We cannot continue to work under the same conditions. How can we resolve this situation? When can we meet to discuss everything?”
Many will be embarrassed to make such a call, some will be astonished by the idea, but in fact it is the safest thing to do in such a situation. This is simply an honest statement of fact. We cannot go further along the disastrous road that has led us down. former employee, but we can solve the problem. Let's discuss this. And guess what? The partner company will be happy to meet you halfway. Why? The most effective solution on their part would be to keep you as a partner.
I emphasize the power of the word “no” to point out that effective negotiation is first and foremost acceptance effective solutions. “No” defines a new way of thinking that generates such decisions in any negotiation. Armed with this principle, you will be prepared both to talk with your teacher and to discuss the supplies on which you are losing money.
I want you to understand right away that “no” has nothing to do with intransigence. Quite the opposite. Everything is based on openness and honesty. An invitation to say “no” demonstrates to those around the negotiating table that these are adults who can think rationally. Let's slow down the process a little. Let's get rid of the fear of failure. “No” allows everyone involved to forget about the need to always be right, the smartest, the strongest, the most decisive. This word protects you from hasty and, even worse, bad decisions made out of a desire to feel safe and liked by the other party. The word “no” tells everyone: let's break away from the consent mindset; relax, I'm not going to rob you, and you're not going to rob me.
If you find it hard to believe that the “no” system breaks down barriers and lowers emotional levels, do me a favor and check it out for yourself. Bookmark this page and do not read further until you have received or created the opportunity to subject “no” to the simplest test - at home, in the office, at school, in church, wherever. Someone will ask you to do something or agree on something, or you yourself will ask someone to do something or agree with you on something. Create the most harmless everyday situation, for example, in a backstage conversation with a colleague: “Oh, Jane, I can’t do this, tell me...” or “Jane, if you don’t like my proposal, just say “no.” I won't be offended. Is it true. I can handle it myself. Just say no."
You immediately you will feel result. Such a polite “no” cannot offend a person. On the contrary, it relieves embarrassment. It assumes adult behavior (even on the part of children). It opens the way to effective solutions. After so many years of teaching clients all sorts of negotiation strategies, I am continually amazed at the almost magical power of the word “no.” The word you were taught to fear can change your negotiation practice forever.
“No” requires a single and unbreakable purpose and mission. This is a common idea in the business world, but in a “no” system, purpose and mission take on a different meaning. They relate not to you, but to him– the other side.
Additionally, the “no” system makes you aware of the dangers of feeling needy. In other words, you Not you need this deal, because the thought of having to get anything invariably leads to a wasted concession. “No” can change you for the better as a negotiator overnight.
What do you like more: effective decisions or seething emotions? the right questions or vague assumptions and expectations, focusing on controlled actions or chasing unpredictable results?
Getting what you want is as simple as saying no.
* * *
Long before I became a professional negotiation coach, I was a pilot, first in the military and then as a civilian. It was this profession that taught me to use a systematic approach. Especially when it comes to implementing and controlling complex actions. Without a system, safe flight is impossible - this is an irrefutable fact. You've probably ever looked into the cockpit of a commercial aircraft (who hasn't?) and seen pilots checking mandatory checklists printed on plastic cards. This is how they control and maintain the system. (If you ever board a private jet and the pilot before starting the engines Not The checklist will pass, you can unload immediately. Seriously. It's better to move on your own two feet.)
Several years ago, a Cleveland lawyer, a self-study of negotiation strategy and tactics, read my first book, Start with No, and sent it to his daughter, a student at Notre Dame Law School. She liked the book and signed up for one of my programs, where our coach worked with her to argue her points and prepare her to negotiate an internship at the White House. A key component of the preparation was a test plan for the all-important interview in Washington. On the decisive day, she arrived on site, used the control plan and immediately got the job. I wasn't surprised. This and hundreds of similar stories explain why I still use checklists as carefully as I did when I was a pilot.
Negotiations are a complex process. There are a lot of events going on there. Thanks to checklists, the situation can be controlled. They provide many benefits, such as freedom of thought. I will use such sheets in my book and teach you how to use them in negotiations. In the last chapter I will introduce you to short form checklist and journal that my clients use to manage negotiations around the world.
Another key element of this book is practical testing, test driving the basic principles and actions. I have already suggested that you try the word “no” in the simplest situation informal communication in the office. This was a practical test. There will be others - quick, elementary methods of action in fairly safe situations. I am not afraid that you will become a victim of a negotiation disaster. You may get a dent in your bumper, but you will realize that the word “no” works for you in the same way as certain types of questions and special plans actions.
As a result, I will not only be able to change your attitude towards the negotiation process (no to the word “yes”, yes to the word “no”), but also equip you with technology, methods and specific tools for practical implementation everything you have learned. This system is effective for everyone: students, businessmen, professionals, parents, children, homeowners, landowners, tenants, employees, employers, debtors, creditors, buyers, sellers - anyone negotiating any issue.
JIMKEMP
author bestseller"At first Tell "No "»
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NO *
[best strategy conducting negotiations]
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a unique system of preparation, planning and negotiations,through which transactions totaling more than $100 billion are concluded annuallyContent