Option 1.
in descending order
a) underground b) fountain
b) open d) pump
B) Ural; d) Far East.
B) Pechora d) Podmoskovny
Test "Fuel industry"
Option 2.
in ascending ordertheir shares in the total volume of coal production in Russia:
a) Pechora b) Kansko-Achinsky c) Kuzbass
A) 1st place; b) 2nd place; c) 3rd place.
5. The cheapest, environmentally friendly type of fuel is:
a) coal; b) natural gas; c) oil.
A) South Yakut c) Kuznetsk
B) Pechora d) Podmoskovny
A) Samotlor b) Tuymazy c) Surgut d) Romashkinskoye
Test "Fuel industry"
Option 1.
1. In terms of oil reserves, Russia ranks:
A) 1st place; b) 2nd place; c) 3rd place.
2. Distribute the main coal basinsin descending ordertheir shares in the total volume of coal production in Russia:
a) Pechora b) Kansko-Achinsk c) Kuzbass
3. The most cheap way coal mining:
a) underground b) fountain
b) open d) pump
4. The main area of oil, gas and coal production in Russia is:
A) North Caucasus; c) Western Siberia;
B) Ural; d) Far East.
5. The cheapest, environmentally friendly type of fuel is:
a) coal; b) natural gas; c) oil.
6. The basin, a significant part of whose coal is exported, is
A) South Yakut c) Kuznetsk
B) Pechora d) Podmoskovny
7. The main method of transporting oil in Russia:
A) by railway B) through pipelines C) in tanker ships
8. Most oil processing plants are located in places:
A) consumption of petroleum products b) oil production
9. Identify oil fields located in Western Siberia
A) Samotlor b) Tuymazy c) Surgut d) Romashkinskoye
Test "Fuel industry"
Option 2.
1. The bulk of Russian oil is produced:
a) in European Center c) in the Volga region
b) on Far East d) in Western Siberia
2. Refineries are located in the areas:
A) consumption of its processed products b) in oil production areas
3. Distribute the main coal basinsin ascending ordertheir shares in the total volume of coal production in Russia:
a) Pechora b) Kansko-Achinsk c) Kuzbass
4. In terms of gas production, Russia ranks:
A) 1st place; b) 2nd place; c) 3rd place.
5. The cheapest, environmentally friendly type of fuel is:
a) coal; b) natural gas; c) oil.
6. Most of the reserves and production of natural gas in Russia are located:
A) in the Urals c) in the north of Western Siberia
B) in the Lower Volga region d) on Sakhalin.
7. The basin ranks first in Russia in coal production:
A) South Yakut c) Kuznetsk
B) Pechora d) Podmoskovny
8. Coals from the Kansk-Achinsk brown coal basin are of low quality, but the production volumes here are the largest in the country because:
A) open method production will significantly reduce its cost
B) the availability of transport routes for its transportation
C) the pool is advantageously located in relation to consumers
9. Identify the oil fields located within the Volga-Ural oil base.
A) Samotlor b) Tuymazy c) Surgut d) Romashkinskoye
The fuel industry includes several industries, but the main ones are:_______________________________________________________________________________
Oil industry
In terms of oil reserves, Russia ranks ________________________ in the world, and in terms of production ______________
Problems of the oil industry________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The main oil base of Russia is ______________________________. The second largest oil production base is ___________________________________.
Large oil reserves have been discovered on ______________________________.
Factors for locating oil refineries _____________________________________________
Problems of oil refining 1. _____________________________, 2.___________________________, 3.______________________________.
Gas industry.
In terms of gas reserves and production, Russia ranks _____________.
Most of the gas production comes from the fields of ___________________________________________________________________. The second most important gas production base is ________________________________________________.
In the future, the formation of a gas production base _____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________ was created to transport gas to consumers.
Coal industry.
Use of coal: 1. _____________________________________,
2. _____________________________________________________.
Cost is
Russia ranks ____________________________ in the world in coal mining.
1. 2. 3.
Independent work on the topic "Fuel industry" 9th grade.
Fuel and energy complex is a group of industries that deals withextraction, processing and transportation of fuel, as well as the processing of electricity and its transmission to the consumer.
The fuel industry includes several industries, but the main ones are:oil, gas, coal industry .
Oil industry. In terms of oil reserves, Russia ranksfourth place in the world, and in terms of productionfirst place in the world.
Problems of the oil industry:1. Due to lack of funds, oil development is not well developed. 2. Half of the drilled wells are not in operation. 3. Without modern equipment Some of the oil reserves are lost in the depths and are not recovered to the surface.
Russia's main oil baseWest Siberian . Second largest oil production baseVolgo - Ural. Large oil reserves discoveredon the shelf of the seas washing Russia .
Factors for locating oil refineriesthey are located in areas consuming petroleum products.
Oil refining problems1. Wear and tear of equipment. 2. Large factories have a strong impact on environment, 3. Main part (refinery) in major cities, which poses a threat to people's lives. Gas industry.
In terms of gas reserves and production, Russia ranks in the worldfirst place .
Most of the gas production comes from fieldsWestern Siberia . The second most important gas production base isOrenburg - Astrakhan .
In the future, the formation of a gas production basenorth of the Irkutsk region, Yakutia, Sakhalin.
Created to transport gas to consumersunified gas pipeline system .
Coal industry.
Coal use:1. Fuel in industry and thermal power plants, 2. Raw materials for ferrous metallurgy and chemical industry.
Cost –the cost of obtaining a unit of production, expressed in monetary terms .
What determines the cost of coal?From the method of its extraction, the quality of coal, the depth and thickness of the seams, the quality of equipment, the availability modern technologies production .
In terms of coal production, Russia rankssixth place in the world.
Name the main coal basins:
1. Kuznetsky. 2. Kansko – Achinsky . 3. Pechorsky.
The fuel industry is a system that includes a set of industries and processes that produce, transform, transport and consume various types of fuel.
Active development energy complex is closely related to the environment, due to the adverse impact of production on the atmosphere and surface waters. In our article we will look at the main sectors of the fuel industry and environmental problems in the form of a table.
Main industries:
- oil industry;
- coal industry;
- gas industry;
Oil is not used in its natural form; after its processing it is obtained various types fuels: gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, diesel fuel, and are also used as raw materials used in the production of chemical products.
The birth of the oil industry in Russia occurred in the first half 19th century, during the period when the Baku Khanate became part of the country (in 1813). The first oil in Russia was produced in the Baku field; soon a factory was built for oil refining and kerosene production; the length of the oil pipeline was only 12 km, from the field to Baku.
But in those days there was no particular need for a new type of fuel due to the development of industry at a low level.
Only at the beginning XX century with development railway transport and ships, Russia is developing the topic of oil production and takes the lead, leaving the United States behind.
Over time, new deposits were discovered, today Russian industry Oil refining is represented by 28 enterprises, the largest of which are: Surgut, Megion, Samotlor. Oil reserves have also been explored on the shelf of the Okhotsk and Caribbean Seas, where oil production is expected in the near future.
Most oil refining plants are concentrated in the European part of Russia, therefore, for ease of transportation, an oil pipeline network was built through which oil from western Siberia. Through the Druzhba oil pipeline, part of the produced oil is transported to many European countries.
Problems
- Wear and obsolescence of oil production equipment.
- Most of the pipeline has been completed about 30–50 years ago, due to this, frequent gusts occur, the annual loss of oil is from 10 to 15 million tons, most difficult situation in western Siberia, harsh natural conditions significantly shorten the service life of the tr. In this region most water bodies are polluted. The level of harmful substances in rivers and lakes has increased tenfold. Along the oil pipeline, thousands of hectares of land are literally saturated with oil.
- Oil reserves are located in remote places (Arkhangelsk region, Yakutia, Nenets Autonomous Okrug), in connection with this there is an increase in production costs.
- Taking into account the environmental problems of Russia, the fuel industry, its active development V this region could cause irreparable harm to the Arctic Ocean.
Oil remains the main source in the energy industry and petrochemicals today. It is not for nothing that it is called “black gold”, but humanity continues to search for new and cheaper energy sources, and natural gas is ideal in this sense.
It is considered a cheaper type of fuel (compared to oil - half the price) and gas is also less destructive to the atmosphere.
Gas is used as fuel and as a valuable chemical raw material. Russia ranks first in gas reserves and production. Currently, more than 700 gas fields have been explored in Russia, including 47% of which are under development. The main production volumes come from the West Siberian base (Yamburg, Urengoy) - 92% , Orenburg-Astrakhan base - 6% (this field differs in gas composition, it contains such valuable components as helium, sulfur, ethane).
In the future, gas production is planned in Yakutia, the Irkutsk region, and Sakhalin. Five fields have been explored in Yakutia, gas produced in this territory is characterized by high thermal conductivity (1 ton of gas replaces 2.3 tons of coal). For the purpose of transporting gas, a unified gas pipeline system was built, the length of which reaches 150 thousand km.
The largest gas pipeline is the Soyuz, which is used to export gas to the Baltic countries, Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, Western and Eastern Europe.
Industry problems
- Enterprises engaged in gas production and processing significantly pollute the atmosphere with hydrocarbons, especially when drilling wells during the exploration of gas fields.
- Despite the fact that gas is considered an environmentally friendly fuel, its development causes pollution of open water bodies and soil.
- Along road routes along the entire length main gas pipeline There is a violation of the vegetation cover, an increase in the depth of soil freezing, erosion processes are actively developing, and the relief and landscape are irreversibly changing.
- Further development of deposits in the northern region requires large financial costs.
- To maintain the balance of ecology and the natural environment, land transport in this area can only move in winter period. In summer, movement is prohibited due to the preservation of the vegetation cover of the reindeer pastures.
Coal is a fuel of plant origin, found in nature in two varieties:
- brown;
- stone (coking is more valued);
Coal is used as fuel and as a raw material for the chemical industry and metallurgy. Compared to oil and gas reserves, gas reserves are much larger. However, the extraction process is more expensive, for this reason the share of coal in the fuel industry has sharply decreased.
The most economical method is open-pit mining of coal (in quarries), 59% production is concentrated in the east of Russia. At the same time, the open method is the most destructive for the environment.
The second method, coal mining, is more expensive. Today, many mines are unprofitable due to worn-out machinery and equipment.
On the territory of our country more than 200 deposits and coal basins, which is about 23% world coal reserves.
Largest coal basins
Let's consider the main coal deposits and the problems of this industry in the form of a table:
Problems
- equipment requires modernization, the introduction of technologies that provide maximum safety both for people and for maintaining the environmental balance;
- coal mining has negative influence on the state of ecology: deep quarries, large number dumps require reclamation, the mining method is unsafe for humans, collapses and explosions often occur;
- The coal industry makes a huge contribution to air pollution, for example, in the Neryungri coal mine, dust pollution exceeds standards 300 times, soot – 1.5–2 times, which cannot but affect the rivers Chulman, Neryungri, Timpton;
Impact on the environment due to changes in the engineering and geological situation during oil, gas or coal production occurs everywhere and always. Even with modern methods mastering it is not possible to completely avoid them. That's why main task is to minimize the negative impact on the environment, as well as to make the most rational use of natural resources.
Watch the video: The main environmental problems of the fuel industry
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