Many aspiring entrepreneurs consider organizing a mini dairy farm as an excellent prospect for starting their own business. The popularity of this idea is easily explained:
Ready-made small mini farm project
- A mini-farm requires a small production area.
- Family farms require smart investments.
- Maintenance of a mini-farm requires minimal costs.
Project modern farm for 50 or 100 heads will provide for all family members permanent job and stable good income.
Any investment of money must be justified. Therefore, you should start by creating a project or writing detailed business plan. Becoming a competitor to large livestock operations requires some thought.
No one is required to immediately erect huge complexes. You can start working with a small herd.
What is a mini-farm?
Mini-farms include farms that keep cattle. Livestock breeders receive and sell dairy, meat and other products.
Interior arrangement of a private mini-farm In livestock farms where they are already making a profit, the average number of livestock ranges from 50 to 100 units. The project allows us to increase production volumes and increase productivity in the future. At the same time, anyone can open their own business. Russian family, since you don’t need fabulous funds to buy cattle, erect outbuildings, or open an individual entrepreneur.
Mini-farm project: step-by-step creation
- Select a plot of land.
- Provide all necessary communications.
- Determine the number of livestock.
- Decide what type of industry you will be involved in - dairy, meat or combined.
- Choose a method of keeping cattle - with or without walking.
- Calculate how much you need to build technical premises equipped with modern equipment.
Fence for animals on a farm If it is not possible to bring communications to the site, you should carefully consider your decision: this is an unprofitable purchase when you will have to spend a lot on bringing water or generating electricity.
Nuances of choosing land
For livestock farms, the following rules must be followed. The area of the plot must be at least 1000 square meters. m. Depending on which method of keeping you prefer, you may need pastures for walking, a hangar, fields to grow forage crops and make hay.
If you don’t have your own food supply, then keeping cattle is unprofitable. Almost all the profit received from the farm will be spent on feed procurement.
Location of the mini-farm on the layout of a summer cottage When an entrepreneur does not have enough money from the district administration, he can rent it.
Connecting communications to the land plot
It is important that the land is in a convenient location. If travel is difficult, the site is low-lying or the soil is depleted, additional investment will be required. The remoteness of the farm from communications and settlements cannot be considered an advantage.
It is better to start construction on former land state farm, where cowsheds may already be built, production premises and water supply, gas, electricity, sewerage.
Number of animals and definition of activity. For a dairy farm, it is recommended to keep at least 25-50 animals at a minimum. Since cows give birth, the number of cattle on family farms can constantly increase. 
Owners of a mini-farm will also need to maintain breeding bulls. Over time, the total amount of large cattle can reach 100 heads.
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Entrepreneurs have to choose one of two options:
- Keeping animals in stalls;
- Free range of cows, bulls and young animals within the facility.
The first option is considered less expensive. Animals are constantly in their stalls. Here they are fed and milked. Construction of utility and administrative premises is required. We need workshops to process products.
Choosing the second method will require a large investment from the business owner. Need to build special places, where the animals will be fed, milked, and walked. It is important to separately equip the premises where the calves will be kept. On livestock farms Correctly selected automatic equipment must be installed.
Equipment for calf cages on a mini-farm You can build rooms cheaper if you use a wooden structure. To build metal structures you need money. However, in terms of durability, the latter option is more preferable.
Construction of a mini-farm: possible alternatives
Today there is a demand for the construction of dairy farms. This can be done in various ways:
- Restore an old facility and modernize it;
- Build a completely new complex.
Let's take a closer look at each method separately. The first of them involves the construction of livestock farms on areas where there is a building that was previously used as a cowshed. Do major renovation premises, carry out the necessary insulation work. The interior space is being modernized. Install partitions.
Construction of cattle pens on the farm If the building is well preserved and you intend to use it in the future, then the territory is developed according to the existing project. The second method for building a mini-farm involves starting from scratch. When opting for metal barns, you must remember that the cost of the project can increase significantly. There are modern building materials that are cheaper than iron. As an option, you can consider purchasing a turnkey mini-farm.
In this case construction work is handled by a professional company, and the entrepreneur, meanwhile, can devote more time to developing the optimal strategy for his business. Conveniently, the offer is from construction companies The construction of a turnkey farm practically does not require the participation of the customer in construction work.
The process of constructing a mini-farm for cattle You can try to find a suitable project in the catalog of the company you contacted.
The presence of the business owner is necessary when the farm has already been built. He inspects the object and accepts the work. Entrepreneurs can order the creation of individual projects family farms. Then, during the construction of the facility, all the wishes of the customer are taken into account. can be designed for a different number of cows: 25; 50; 100; 150.
One of the most promising directions small business is currently agribusiness. Now appears in this area huge amount new technologies, tools and methods. So all you need is a good business idea.
Rabbit breeding
Properly organized mini farm will allow you to achieve good profits through rabbit breeding. Compared to other farm animals, rabbits have a huge amount of important advantages. First of all, it is important to note that these cute animals are distinguished by excellent fertility. Supermarkets and restaurants are ready to buy rabbit meat. You definitely won’t have any problems with selling your products. Rabbits never accumulate poisons in their bodies. This is why their meat is so highly prized.
This production is one hundred percent profitable. If everything is organized correctly, you can turn rabbit farming into a very profitable business. The area of one cage for rabbits must be at least 1.5 square meters. m. Up to 15 such cells can be placed on one hundred square meters of land. The floor is made in the form of a lattice. The walls on the north side will need to be insulated. Sunlight and warmth should come from the south side.
For one mini farm you will need 300 kg of hay and 500 kg of combined feed per year. Very great value for starting capital has the selected breed of rabbits. Several males and twice as many females are purchased for breeding. To begin with, you can limit yourself to 16 females.
Growing greens
Today in Russia the hydroponic method of growing greens has become very widespread. With its help you all year round you can grow onions, lettuce, parsley, dill, etc. Approximate dimensions of the mini farm: height – 2.3 m, length – 4 m, width – 1.5 m. In this case, the hydroponic plantation is placed on five shelves-trays. Constant cultivation of greenery will be implemented in them.
Air temperature controls and lighting should be provided on each shelf. The shelves are divided into beds with cells. All you need to do is provide the plants with food and sow new seeds. Such mini farms are an ideal option for restaurants and other establishments catering. The only drawback of such a business is that you will have to seriously fork out for starting capital.
Quail farm
Quail farming is very popular in modern conditions. In contrast, both quail eggs and meat are in demand. A mini quail farm can consist of 500 individuals. Only two people can service such a farm. You can get your first profit in just five months.
Ideal food for quails are wheat, barley, fish meal, sunflower and corn cake. At the first stage, you will need to purchase cell batteries and an incubator. Remember that quail are very sensitive to temperature changes. They love fresh air, but drafts are dangerous for quails. On an area of 20 sq. m. can easily accommodate 700 individuals. In just a year, this number can immediately increase tenfold. The profitability of quail breeding is indeed very high. However, you should always remember that you will have to forget about vacations, weekends and holidays.
Mini goose farm
First of all, think about official registration. You will be able to open farming or register as an individual entrepreneur. It is best to check all details with local accountants or lawyers. Registration will be useful for receiving benefits, as well as for wholesale trade. If you expect to cope with a small number of geese, then the ideal option, of course, would be to register an individual entrepreneur.
To keep geese you will need aviaries for walking and insulated indoor premises. Try to find some abandoned farm and purchase it. Such territories, originally adapted for breeding geese, exist in many villages. You can buy goslings at poultry farms, at a pet market or online. One of the most popular schemes for making money by raising geese is as follows:
— Birds are raised for sale for 4 months;
— For the last 3-4 weeks they should be fed in accordance with a special method (corn should be included in the diet). Thus, the geese short terms will be able to gain maximum weight;
— Some of the geese, after intensive fattening, are slaughtered and then sold. The most viable specimens are left for the production of offspring.
In most cases, a mini goose farm pays for itself in the first year. One carcass can be sold for 500-700 rubles. At the same time, the number of geese is constantly increasing, as new goslings hatch from eggs. When investing 1000 rubles for each goose. per year (this includes payment for staff, food, etc.), it can bring you a profit of 5-10 thousand rubles.
Fish farming
Relatively recently arose current issue– import substitution. Meat, vegetables, fruits - all agricultural products at the moment is urgently needed and therefore a relevant product. In this regard, aspiring entrepreneurs have increasingly begun to wonder about opening own farm.
How to open a farm? In this guide, we will take a comprehensive look at this issue.
Relevance this area I haven’t lost and will never lose. There are millions of potential consumers of final products living in Russia. Meat processing plants are more interested in quality meat suppliers than ever before. But such a large scale is not always achievable for a beginning entrepreneur.
The primary task for a potential farmer should be to provide his own region with products, and as production grows, one can begin to think about entering the federal market.
Main types of farming activities
A farm can engage in the following activities:
- Livestock breeding;
- Vegetable growing;
- Plant growing and seed production;
- Production of products from our own natural raw materials.
The undoubted advantage of this type of activity is all kinds of government benefits and subsidies, which are relatively easy for a novice entrepreneur to obtain.
How to legally register a farm?
Responsible for regulating this type of activity Federal law No. 74 “On peasant (farm) farms”. This type business is registered as a peasant farm - a peasant farm.
It involves certain social benefits and support from the state. After registration, the head of the farm receives , and information about peasant farms is entered into
Any capable person over 18 years of age can create a farm. There are no citizenship requirements. Family members of the head of the farm are accepted into it when they reach the age of 16 years. No more than 5 unrelated persons can be part of a farm.
This does not mean a ban on hiring workers or any limitation in their number!
The procedure itself peasant farm registration very simple and requires assembly minimum package of documents.
Documents for creating a peasant farm
- Agreement between members of the farm on its creation. Not required if the farm is organized by one person. The sample can be downloaded here: http://www.blankbuh.ru/blank/39
- Application for farm registration (Form 21002). See an example of filling here: http://dombiznesa.ru/files/doc2/obrazec_primer_zap…
- Passport or photocopy applicant's passport.
- Receipt for in the amount of 800 rubles. Important nuance– the receipt must be paid by the head of the farm using his own data, otherwise the tax office will simply not accept it.
- Statement on the transition to a special tax regime.
Documents for registration can be submitted in person, sent certified copies by mail, or using the registration procedure itself takes a standard 5 days, after which you will receive a ready-made package of documents for individual entrepreneurs.
Important! If the head of the household is already registered as individual entrepreneur, then it will no longer be possible to register a peasant farm in your name.
What to do to receive subsidies for starting a farm from scratch?
To receive subsidies for starting a farm at the initial stage, you will need to come to the Employment Center and register. There is no need to register an individual entrepreneur before applying.
Under the self-employment program, aspiring entrepreneurs are provided with a subsidy to start their own business. in the amount of 60 thousand rubles.
To apply for a loan (if there is such a need) You should choose banks with government support. Most optimal choice is Rosselkhozbank, which has special loans issued for development agriculture.
The only thing is that the entrepreneur must own the land plot on which the farm will be located. To receive large sums you will need to provide collateral
We'll talk more about the costs of starting your own business below.
There is also an option to attract investors - they can act as members of a farm, and based on the share of their investments (which are determined by an agreement between members of the farm) they will receive a share in the profit.
And now - about the main thing. Let's consider several areas of activity for peasant farms with numbers and calculations.
Farming: business plan with calculations
Rabbit farm business plan
Rabbits are relatively profitable farm animals. They produce skins and meat, which is considered dietary and sells well. Frequent illnesses are their greatest drawback.
If several rabbits fall ill, almost the entire population eventually dies, which is a serious problem. You can protect yourself from this by regularly vaccinating your livestock, and mandatory compliance conditions for keeping rabbits.
Basic rules
It is forbidden:
- Allow overcrowding and overcrowding of rabbits in cages;
- Buy animals from unverified breeders;
- Add new rabbits to the main stock without prior quarantine;
- Neglect mandatory vaccination;
- Keep rabbits in damp, poorly heated and ventilated areas.
If these simple rules are followed and feeding is correct, problems with breeding should not arise. Rabbits should be selected directly for breeding meat breeds(not mixed and not fur). These include: white giants, Californian breed, New Zealand - white and red.
These breeds are characterized high speed growth, as a result of which young animals can be slaughtered by 4-5 months. Rabbits of these breeds reach a weight of 4-5 kg by 5 months.
Costs for equipment for a rabbit farm (business plan) with a productivity of up to 1000 animals per year
| Purchase of breeding stock | 30 females + 2 males | 15,000 for 3-month young animals |
| Purchase of feed | Feed, hay, mineral supplements | 150,000 per year |
| Vaccination | Veterinary drugs | 10,000 rubles per year |
| Veterinary service | Preventive inspection of livestock | 5,000 rubles per year |
| Shed or barn structure | Materials + work | From 10 to 25 thousand rubles |
| Purchasing cells | Based on 60 cells | From 30 to 60 thousand rubles |
| Hiring staff | 1 person (as needed) | 180,000 rubles per year |
| Equipment for slaughtering and waste disposal | From 20 to 50 thousand rubles | |
| Refrigeration equipment | For storing carcasses | From 20 to 40 thousand rubles |
| Other expenses | 50,000 rubles per year |
Profits from a rabbit farm
Calculation of net profit: 1,300,000 – 345,000 = 955,000 rubles per year. You can reduce costs without hiring staff, then the net profit will be 1,135,000 rubles per year from a small herd of 30 females.
The advantage of rabbit breeding is that the number of livestock can be increased very quickly, due to which profits will also begin to grow. It should also be taken into account that tanned rabbit skins are purchased in large volumes at a higher price.
Dairy Farm Business Plan
Consider the plan for a small dairy farm with 10 cows. Milk sales have been and will continue to be relevant area In addition, cows and calves are also meat. Average cost of fresh veal – 200-300 rubles per kg (wholesale prices), beef - 200-250 rubles.
How much attention today private entrepreneurs pay to farming and everything connected with it. Almost everything in the city profitable industries They have been busy with someone for a long time, but everyone wants to work and, most importantly, earn money. And to open your own business in the city you will need colossal cash.
How to become a farmer
Everyone unanimously argues that it is necessary to develop a correct and rational business plan, or as it is also called a business network. It calculates all costs for this business, options for making money, as well as tactics during failures. For all beginners, a business plan is the start of a farming business. As practice shows, the main thing is to start, and then solve problems as they arise.
How to form a farm
Many people ask the question - how to open a farm? Beginners are interested in all aspects this issue. First of all, you must select a suitable plot of land. Next, focus on the amount of free funds you have. If you have a large initial capital, then you can safely raise cattle, pigs, turkeys, ducks or chickens. And if there is not so much money, then stop at growing various melons.
After a few years, you will have saved up enough money and will be able to afford to purchase equipment and land, and accordingly your activities will expand. To maintain the farm, you will have to hire workers. They can be the residents of this village or village, because people always need work.
How to register a farming business
The plot is distributed by local governments, which is why local residents have a better chance of getting this piece of soil than you. This is the first problem that a new farmer faces. But the state can help you, because it is interested in protecting local manufacturer what you will be in the future.
To register a farm, you need the following documents:
1. Receipt for payment of state duty.
2. A copy of the birth certificate.
3. Copy of passport.
4. Application for registration.
Pay attention! If you do not have enough money to open a full-fledged farm, then you can apply to competitions at the regional and state level of your country. They are aimed at financing businesses.
A small farm that works for the benefit of your family alone does not have to go through any formalities. But even in this case, you can sell your excess products. Large production will not be able to evade official registration and payment of taxes.
Which site to choose
Today, all collective farms have collapsed; few young people want to work with the land, and especially in the villages. Therefore, the state is trying to help beginning farmers by any means possible. Because of this, we advise you to purchase or rent an unkempt area that needs to be restored. Also pay attention to the fact that the highway and populated areas are located near the farm. Naturally, the cost of 1 hectare of land will vary depending on these indicators; this is approximately 100-500 thousand rubles per hectare.
What will you be doing?
If the choice was made on the number of livestock, then buy about 400-800 heads, and if crop production is your goal, then calculate how much you can plant on your territory, and how much you can get from it. From everything it is clear that desire alone is not enough, you need to have some skills to become an entrepreneur, and then you will not be bothered by the question - how to become a farmer?
Initial capital
Many farmers dream that the state will give them money for their business... And these are not empty dreams, it is only necessary that your business meets all the requirements and criteria, but it is very difficult for a beginning farmer to do this. If you are lucky enough to participate in a government program, you still shouldn’t rely on it entirely; always be confident in your abilities and your capital.
Pay attention! Banks practically do not issue funds for this matter. Therefore, you don’t need to rely on them; collect your starting capital.
What kind of personnel should work on the farm?
Once your farming business has begun to generate income, it’s time to think about expanding it. Not a single person is able to work independently; he needs employees. They all had to be professionals in their field.
Who to sell your products to
First of all, you must find distribution channels. And this should be done as soon as possible, since all types of products spoil instantly. If you do not find a buyer in time, farming can bring you considerable expenses. Selling your products is not easy, because this market high competition.
Benefits of farming
1. Decent profit.
2. Accommodation at fresh air.
3. Always have natural products on your table.
Disadvantages of farming:
1. Considerable starting capital is required.
2. Hard work.
3. Special skills and abilities are required.
Thanks to the information in the article, you know how to learn how to make money from farming, as well as what skills you need to have, now you will not think about how to become a farmer and what first steps to take. Farming is not easy good way earning money is a hobby that some people can no longer live without.
Farming is a popular type of business in rural areas. Nowadays there are farms in many populated areas. But the demand in the country for their products has not yet been satisfied. So the farm from scratch is still a promising business idea where you can make good money. But on one condition - that farming business will be well planned and well organized. This article will tell you how to do this.
Chickens, bees, milk...? Choosing the type of farm
To become a successful farmer, you first need to master the intricacies of farming and marketing farm products. And, of course, collect decent start-up capital. If you already have all this, it’s time to create a business plan called “How to open your own farm from scratch.”
And the starting point is to determine the type of activity. There are several directions in which modern farms operate. This:
- Animal husbandry.
- Poultry farming.
- Beekeeping.
- Dairy products.
- Growing vegetables, herbs and fruits.
There are many examples of very profitable businesses in every industry. That is, you can earn decent money in any of these areas. Often the choice of farm type is based on the personal preferences of the entrepreneur. Some things turn out to be closer and clearer, more to your liking, but some types of farming you immediately want to give up.
Having decided what you will produce, think about the scale on which it will be. Focus on 2 factors:
- Possibilities of your starting capital.
- Sales opportunities.
After all, the larger the volume finished products, the more problems may arise with its implementation. Especially at first. Immediately identify potential distribution points and methods available in your region.
Popular destinations
Cows are the most popular destination Many peasant families today keep several heads of cattle. This is an affordable option for them. additional income for the sale of dairy products and meat. For some families this is the only source of income in rural areas.
The demand for these types of livestock products is consistently high. Perhaps you should also pay attention to this direction.
According to statistics, farm owners most often choose meat or dairy direction for your enterprise. There are more government requirements for milk production. And the costs for the dairy business will be higher than for the meat business.
The choice of cow breeds has many nuances. You need to carefully prepare for their purchase by studying as much information as possible. Learn more about the popular breeds in your area, carefully weighing the pros and cons of each. Keep in mind that there are meat breeds and there are dairy breeds. If funds are limited, you can buy heifers and keep them for 1-2 years. If there are 10 or more cows, a bull will be needed to fertilize them. For smaller quantities, artificial insemination is suitable.
We legalize your business: state registration
Officially, a farm from scratch begins with state registration of the enterprise.
Every farm owner is required to legitimize his business by opening an individual entrepreneur or LLC. Most often, the first option is chosen as it is simpler and more profitable in terms of taxation.
If you plan to supply products to retail chains, first get the go-ahead from Rospotrebnadzor and firefighters. You will also need a land lease agreement.
Since food is produced on farms, the owners must have documents confirming its decent quality. If we are talking about meat production, it is necessary to obtain a veterinary examination.
Farm space
Choosing a location for a farm requires a careful and unhurried approach. It is worth searching for it in advance. Many offers today can be viewed without leaving home via the Internet. Specialized agencies are ready to provide assistance in this matter.
But there is no need to rush into concluding an agreement. It is important to obtain more information about the land itself. There are moments that sellers or landlords are silent about. But local residents will willingly share what they know. So, if possible, visit the places you like in person and ask the local population.
When choosing a site, you should pay attention to such parameters as soil characteristics, pasture capacity, vegetation, availability and cost of storage.
You can buy land with everything you need to operate a farm. There are plots that are sold with sheds, fences and under.
Room
The size of the room needed is different in each case. It depends on the scale of the young enterprise and the direction of its activities. There are several general requirements:
- Warmth and cleanliness in the room
In winter, you need to especially monitor the temperature. It is important that the room is at least 17 degrees Celsius and maintains normal humidity. And no drafts. This is not only inhumane to the animals, but also leads to loss of profit. The room also needs access to fresh air.
- Correct layout
On the farms different types she is different. For example, if you are raising poultry, you will need to install cages. In the case of cattle, stalls and feeders will be needed. Devices for cleaning manure will differ when raising different animals.
- Water
To raise animals you will need a lot of water every day. The premises should be provided with it in abundance.
Equipment
This item of expenditure usually turns out to be the most expensive. It will require substantial investments - at least 2 million rubles. You can’t open a farm right away by purchasing everything you need. You will have to wait and allocate time for installation. It happens that this process takes several months.
For a cattle farm, you need to purchase fencing, drinking bowls, feeders, materials for stalls and mechanisms for removing manure. Immediately consider the need to prepare food for the winter. Of course, it’s easier to buy it, but it will cost more. To harvest on your own, you will need equipment (tractor, mower, trailers, loading and unloading devices, etc.).
For a dairy business, it is necessary to purchase milking equipment and select more spacious premises. After all, you will have to keep the calves somewhere, do the milking, supply the milk, and place the cows that are not being milked.
You shouldn’t buy everything at once, the best and the most expensive. It would be wiser to buy only what you need at first, and not what you want. Over time, you will gain experience and better understand what your farm is missing. Farms are often developed in stages over 5-10 years. To save money, farm equipment can be purchased at auctions.
Sales options
Before you open a farm from scratch, think about possible options sales
The farm can sell its products in two directions:
- Local markets.
- Trading networks.
Constantly think about the question: how to reduce the cost of production while maintaining the same quality of products? Inexpensive food products significantly increase the chances of gaining a strong foothold in the market.
Personnel: how to provide work for the whole family and neighbors
Farming - most often family business
Often, the farm is run not only by its owner and organizer, but also by his entire family. Food production in our country is traditionally a family business, in which several generations are employed, as well as close and distant relatives of the family.
If you have a family, discuss this issue with them in advance. Of course, a family farm is more profitable than hired labor. Each employee has a personal interest in the success of the business and will work conscientiously. Yes and on wages savings for staff. At first, after opening, this will be very useful.
If the farming business becomes a family affair, there is a greater chance of receiving preferential conditions from the state. Now there is government programs specifically for creating family farms. For example, to open such a farm, you can get a loan on preferential terms.
Expenses, investments, profits
Those who are just interested in how to open a farm should know one significant advantage of this business. It is promising because it constantly receives support from the state. Much is being done to increase the number domestic producers food products. They receive good incentives for development in the form of benefits, subsidies, free land, financial resources to start. Find out more about these programs. You may also be able to get help from the government.
In general, the initial costs will be something like this:
Table. Capital investments
On average, the farm receives income from 200 thousand to 2 million rubles per year. The payback period for the farm is from 1.5 to 3 years.
Nowadays food prices are rising. What benefits farmers? And those who pay due attention to this issue have no problems with sales. Moreover, there are no restrictions on access to the sales market for a national manufacturer. Domestic food products are in demand and are in constant demand. So the farming business is a great chance to earn money and contribute to the domestic economy.
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