Dear colleagues! Dear veterans! Friends!
I congratulate you on this significant date – the 60th anniversary of the Military-Industrial Commission. Thank you for your great and very responsible work, for your contribution to the solution of the most important, without any exaggeration, strategic objectives.
Special words of gratitude to the veterans, to everyone who stood at the origins of the military-industrial complex and established its complex, multifaceted work. In different historical eras, you created, strengthened and preserved the domestic defense-industrial complex, the enormous potential that continues to serve Russia today.
Today the Military-Industrial Commission deals with key development issues defense industry, equipping the army and navy, ensures close interaction between the Armed Forces, enterprises in various industries, design bureaus and research centers. All this requires a deep understanding of the nature of current and future challenges in the field of defense and security, trends in the development of science and technology, a thorough knowledge of all aspects of production, the ability to find verified, justified management decisions.
And of course, you need to pay special attention working with people, with personnel, to do everything to ensure that young, well-trained specialists come to enterprises and the military-industrial complex, so that professional traditions continue.
You know that we are already entering the implementation of a new ten-year State program weapons, including taking into account the experience of using our weapons and equipment during the successful anti-terrorist operation in Syria. It is necessary to effectively build and continue this work, to ensure almost one hundred percent fulfillment of the state defense order, and these are the indicators that have been achieved in recent years.
In addition, the defense complex has been tasked with expanding the production of high-tech civilian and dual-use products aimed at exporting - I just spoke at a brief meeting with veterans and young specialists - the share of these products by 2030 will be general production should be half, 50%.
The Commission is obliged to take all these plans into account in its work, to achieve high-quality, balanced, effective development of the country’s defense-industrial complex, which, let me remind you, unites more than 1,300 enterprises and organizations employing two million specialists of various professions.
Now they were only talking about the fact that re-equipment had been carried out in recent years defense complex, defense industry enterprises, a lot of money has been invested - three trillion rubles. These are serious resources, and it is imperative to ensure that they work effectively.
Three years ago, the status of the Military-Industrial Commission was significantly increased, and, as its chairman, I expect that your work will continue to be result-oriented, will serve Russia, and will serve reliable defense national interests, life, safety of our citizens.
Of course, I wish you success, health and all the best to you and your loved ones. And of course, let me congratulate you on your upcoming New Year holidays. All the best to you. Thank you for your work!
Strictly speaking, the military-industrial complex itself did not appear 60 years ago: on March 16, 1953, the so-called “Special Committee” was created under the Council of Ministers, headed by L.P. Beria. The committee coordinated the key defense projects of that time - the work of the First and Third Main Directorates of the Council of Ministers (nuclear project and Moscow air defense project, respectively).
By the way, it did not exist for long: it was liquidated on June 26, 1953, along with the arrest of Beria. However, this committee is considered the progenitor of the structure that arose a little later, in December 1957, - the Council of Ministers Commission on Military-Industrial Issues (or Military-Industrial Commission). Operational control over the activities of the “nine”—the nine defense ministries of the USSR—was confined to the military-industrial complex. She also made decisions on the allocation of resources for defense programs.
The military-industrial complex was dissolved in 1991, recreated in 1999, and since then has been persistently seeking its place in the eclectic decision-making structure of the post-Soviet defense complex. IN at the moment The Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation is the main body for coordinating the defense industry, supervised by the relevant Deputy Prime Minister.
In government and not in business
The current state of the defense industry management vertical is characterized by increasing uncertainty and “manual mode” in management as we move from the bottom up. Decisions on key military programs or the reorganization of assets in the defense industry are made by senior political leadership "at on an individual basis" - in each specific case - in its own way, in the process of contacts with lobbyists for certain decisions.
The military-industrial complex, as an important link between industrial and political management, regularly remained extreme in this process, at best passively present in the “resolution of issues.” Therefore, under Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov (2007-2011), who was part of Vladimir Putin’s inner circle and delved quite deeply into military-industrial topics, the military-industrial complex as an institution was largely in the shadows, yielding to direct “resolution of issues” "the country's top leadership with production captains.
Even then, the functions of the commission and the list of topics actually supervised were considered unspecified, and the staff of specialists was considered insufficient. However, this problem was seriously revealed only by the monstrous failure of the state defense order (GOZ) of 2011, the starting year of the new state arms program (GPV-2020).
It was at this moment that the administrative reform of the Ministry of Defense, carried out by Anatoly Serdyukov, reached its apogee, expressed in the direct subordination of two federal services, directly working with military procurement: Rosoboronpostavka and Rosoboronzakaz. The ministry itself started a drastic restructuring of the order system, taking away all rights from the main commands of the armed forces and dramatically loading the relevant department of the military department with work.
In parallel with this, the volume of placement of contracts under the GPV 2020 has sharply increased. However, the tough “ordinary” position of the Serdyukov team, which demanded a sharp reduction in the price tag offered by the industry for what was purchased against the backdrop of a total rush, led to the fact that the 2011 state defense order was actually a failure.
The military-industrial complex of Sergei Ivanov was unable to do anything about this. Whether she had such an opportunity is an open question. The conflict between industry and the military from Znamenka was at least partially resolved only by involving heavy artillery in the persons of Igor Sechin and Vladimir Putin in arbitration.
At the end of 2011, Sergei Ivanov was promoted (he headed the presidential administration), and was replaced by Dmitry Rogozin, who from the very beginning developed vigorous activity in protecting the interests of industry from the encroachments of the military department. Ultimately, Rogozin received the right to expand the powers of the military-industrial complex and control over Rosoboronzakaz, the key structure ensuring monitoring of the implementation of the State Defense Order.
The question is purely political
The problem of the current military-industrial complex is not even that until recently it had a small staff and unspecified powers. Even if the commission works as it should and becomes what it was in Soviet times (and what Rogozin is now seeking from it), this will simply delegate the problem to a higher level.
Let us repeat once again: the military-industrial complex in its current form, with great difficulty, can become a “tip” of the joint interests of the defense industry and applied specialized science. But it will not be able to become a platform for strategic moderation of the relationship between government officials and the military with the defense industry directors, with the exception of minor technical issues that are already resolved in working order. Conceptual clashes between the customer and the contractor are much more difficult to unravel.
The Soviet scheme for managing the defense industry with the military-industrial complex under the Council of Ministers required an additional platform for authoritative political arbitration to stabilize. Party structures at the appropriate level have always been such a balancing element for all economic management bodies in the USSR. The pressure of the most powerful defense complex had to be balanced with something, because... The influence of industry in the Council of Ministers only grew, often drowning out even the voice of military customers.
The balancing element for all economic management bodies in the USSR has always been party structures at the appropriate level. The work of the military-industrial complex was closely supervised by the defense industry department of the CPSU Central Committee, which was headed by Ivan Serbin from 1958 to 1981. The functions of the military-industrial complex and the defense department partially overlapped, which sometimes gave rise to conflicts, but the authority of the highest party structure and the administrative rigidity of Serbin, nicknamed “Ivan the Terrible” behind his back, made it possible to influence the decisions of the Council of Ministers commission, which was always closer to the interests of the final production.
But above this department there was another level - the position of the Secretary of the Central Committee for Defense Issues. IN different years this post was occupied, for example, by L.I. Brezhnev, D.F. Ustinov, G.V. Romanov are people of the first echelon of the collective leadership of the times of “developed socialism.”
There are currently no functional analogues to this superstructure, authorized and capable of making strategic decisions on defense issues, in Russia.
Is the defense department shining a light on the presidential administration?
It can be carefully noted that the presidential administration is now a distant analogue of a control system close to the party system. But in her staffing table, designed to work with personnel of the federal executive branch and control over the regions, there is neither a corresponding specialized apparatus (analogous to the defense department of the Central Committee), nor a high-ranking leader (with a rank not lower than the deputy head of the Administration) responsible directly to the head of state.
Meanwhile, the head of the Administration, Sergei Ivanov, noted in his recent interview that, having left the government and the military-industrial complex, he continues to closely monitor key defense programs. That is, we are faced with a continuation of the situation" manual control" with opaque responsibility.
Decisions are made and carried out on the basis of the personal or tacit guarantee of the highest echelon of political leadership, and somewhere one or two steps from the clouds in the void, a middle level of management of the “defense industry” (MIC) suddenly appears, from which the usual hierarchies of the bureaucracy begin to stretch down. But the military-industrial complex itself is open from above to the emanations of the dignitary cosmos, incomprehensible by rational means.
It is difficult to understand what should be done here. It is almost impossible to make the military-industrial complex the de facto top moderation structure. Firstly, it is not structurally adapted to this, being the center of coordination of state military industry. This means it has lobbying potential that is loyal to production workers. Secondly, this will be against all the administrative rules of the era, when the upper levels of strategic decision-making are confined to the president and his staff.
Not to mention the fact that it is almost impossible to manage such a complex sector as the defense industry, saturated with heavyweight lobbyists, from the current level of accountability. Here you need to be not just a deputy prime minister by position, but be included in the short list of influential decision-making associates of the president. (This, by the way, is the case of Sergei Ivanov before leaving for Old Square - in the 2000s he oversaw the military-industrial complex both as Minister of Defense and as Deputy Prime Minister.)
Thus, this does not solve the problem of “manual mode” and does not bring the state closer to creating a transparent system of institutions for regulating the defense complex. What's the alternative?
Create a defense department in the Presidential Administration - for example, improvising on the basis of expanding the office of a specialized assistant to the president? That is, to legitimize the current “manual regime”, at least in some way pushing it from the category of informal “concepts” towards the institutionalization of management and responsibility.
This, firstly, multiplies the bureaucracy and increases control levels (not a key, but significant objection), and, secondly, again goes against the rules of the era.
After all, how many times has it been emphasized that the Presidential Administration does not interfere in government affairs, but only participates in the preparation of the president’s instructions. If, within the framework of these rules, a control structure is established as part of the Administration, then the military-industrial complex will have to be transferred to Staraya Square, bring together the military, interested ministries and top management of defense monopolies, and formalize decisions with the same instructions from the president to the White House.
These long, tedious discussions are intended to outline the main minefield in which the military-industrial complex can explode in its seventh decade. The issues of debugging the state defense order and pricing in industry are vitally important, but with painstaking work they can be resolved. This was done throughout 2011 and continues to be done now, which has had a positive effect on the current rate of placement of state defense orders.
But in matters of subordination, supervision, resolution of conflicts and balance of interests and powers, there may be a lot of pitfalls. Especially in Russia, where formal titles sometimes mean less than the last name of the person bearing them.
December 2017 marks the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Military-Industrial Commission.
On December 6, 1957, a resolution was issued by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the creation of a state commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on military-industrial issues, the first chairman of which was Dmitry Fedorovich Ustinov. The commission united under its leadership defense enterprises. The commission was entrusted with the tasks of organizing and monitoring work on the creation of all types of weapons and military equipment. The result of the creation of the commission was the flourishing of the Russian defense industry: under its leadership, missile and space defense and missile attack warning systems, space control and anti-space defense systems were created. The newest ones have been created submarines, surface ships all classes, strategic aviation and ground forces complexes. Also, military-industrial complex enterprises produced complex technology civil purpose: equipment for power engineering and nuclear fleet, agricultural machinery, cars, motorcycles, refrigerators, televisions and much more.
In 1999, the military-industrial complex became the Commission on Military-Industrial Issues of the Government Russian Federation, in 2006 it was renamed the Military Industrial Commission.
Russian President Vladimir Putin congratulated veterans and workers of the military-industrial complex at a gala evening in the Kremlin dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the military-industrial complex.
“Thank you for your very large and very responsible work, for your contribution to solving the most important strategic tasks. Special words of gratitude to the veterans, to all those who stood at the origins of the military-industrial complex and established its complex structure. multifaceted work. In different historical eras, you created, strengthened and preserved the domestic defense-industrial complex - that enormous potential that continues to serve Russia today. Today, the Military-Industrial Commission deals with key issues of the military industry, equipping the army and navy, and ensures close interaction between the armed forces, enterprises in various industries, design bureaus and research centers. All this requires a deep understanding of the nature of current and future challenges in the field of defense and security, trends in the development of science and technology, a thorough knowledge of all aspects of production, and the ability to find verified, informed management decisions,” the president said.
The magazine "Rare Earths" congratulates everyone involved in this holiday, and wishes prosperity and good luck in all endeavors.
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