Radiation The Chernobyl accident gave rise to radiophobia - increased fear of radiation, increased suspiciousness, bias in assessing one’s health, emotional breakdowns, etc. Limit level soil pollution exceeded more than 100 times. The main sources of external and internal radiation are long-lived radionuclides (cesium, strontium, iodine). Radiation enters the body through air, drinking water, but through products of plant and animal origin, especially through meat and dairy products.
How to preserve human health and nature? responsible environmental policy and practice of state and public bodies are necessary. The most important task is the formation of environmental consciousness of the population - a set of measures of environmental education and upbringing to establish in the public consciousness such elements as environmental scientific consciousness, environmental ethics, psychology, and legal consciousness.
Human ecology The term “human ecology” first appeared in 1921 in the works of American researchers R.E. Park and E.V. Burgess Human ecology is a science that studies the patterns of human interaction as a biosocial being with a complex, multicomponent environment, with a dynamic, ever-increasingly complex habitat, and the problems of preserving and promoting health.
Human ecology at all stages historical development interested in the following: 1) the number of individual communities of people and all of humanity; 2) age and gender structure of communities; 3) the level of people’s health, which can be expressed through average life expectancy, the most common diseases and common causes of death; 4) the specific nutrition of people of each era, calorie content of food, methods of its preparation; 5) type labor activity, mechanisms and tools, energy sources used in the household and everyday life; 6) settlement system; 7) cultural and hygienic skills.
Slide 1
Slide description:
Slide 2
Slide description:
Slide 3
Slide description:
Slide 4
Slide description:
Slide 5
Slide description:
Slide 6
Slide description:
Slide 7
Slide description:
Slide 8
Slide description:
Slide 9
Slide description:
Slide 10
Slide description:
5. Birth large quantity premature babies, and therefore physically immature. It is associated with a disorder in the genetic apparatus. 5. The birth of a large number of premature children, and therefore physically immature. It is associated with a disorder in the genetic apparatus. 6. “Return” of infectious agents that are able to live in the human environment and become pathogens of influenza, viral forms of cancer and other diseases. Today, for example, the incidence of tuberculosis has increased even in developed countries due to antibiotic resistance, impoverishment and high population density in cities. 7. Abiological trends, which are understood as lifestyle traits such as physical inactivity, smoking, drug addiction, etc. They are the cause of obesity, cancer, cardiac diseases, etc. Currently, all these trends are characteristic to varying degrees in all human habitats, but They appear most prominently in urban environments.
Slide 11
Slide description:
Slide 12
Slide description:
Slide 13
Slide description:
Slide 14
Slide description:
One of the significant negative risk factors affecting the health of the population is alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction. Bad habit- this is a pre-disease if it is not stopped in time. Tobacco smoking has become an epidemic. Over the past 5-10 years, the number of drug users in the country has increased 4 times, the number of deaths from drug use has increased 12 times, including 42 times among children. Alcohol addiction remains the most common in Russia. In our country, a person dies every 20 seconds from drugs and related diseases, more often a young person. Russia's share in global drug trafficking has increased to 8%. One of the significant negative risk factors affecting the health of the population is alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction. A bad habit is a pre-disease if it is not stopped in time. Tobacco smoking has become an epidemic. Over the past 5-10 years, the number of drug users in the country has increased 4 times, the number of deaths from drug use has increased 12 times, including 42 times among children. Alcohol addiction remains the most common in Russia. In our country, a person dies every 20 seconds from drugs and related diseases, more often a young person. Russia's share in global drug trafficking has increased to 8%. Any addiction is a person’s self-enslavement to his desires. If some needs (for food, water, sunlight, safety, etc.) are important or even mandatory for survival, then others are maladaptive in nature, subordinating the will of a person, leading to harmful consequences. The problem of forming a healthy lifestyle is the problem of forming a worldview and corresponding principles of behavior. Further improvement of the population's health requires an approach to health from the point of view of its broad understanding and taking into account all factors that determine health: lifestyle, social well-being, psychological climate, physical and chemical environmental factors. Drug addiction is understood as a painful attraction to substances of plant or synthetic origin that affect the central nervous system and cause feelings of euphoria, intoxication, stunning, pain relief, and hallucinations. The word drug addiction comes from the Greek words narke (numbness, sleep) and mania (madness, passion, attraction). The term "drug addiction" was first used to refer to the abuse of narcotic substances in the narrow sense (opium and its preparations, hashish, anasha, marijuana), and was later extended to a large number of substances that stimulate the central nervous system, sedatives and others.
Slide 15
Slide description:
Slide 16
Slide description:
1 slide
The presentation was made by a student of grade 11 “A” of State Educational Institution Secondary School No. 186 in St. Petersburg Maria Estrina *
2 slide
Human ecology is the science of the relationship between man and his environment in various aspects (economic, technical, physical-technical, socio-psychological) and is intended to determine the optimal conditions for human existence, including the permissible limits of his impact on the environment. The relationship with the environment of a person as an organism is studied by autecology, the ecology of human communities - synecology. F. Bacon
3 slide
chemical atmospheric pollution and human health; biological pollution and human diseases; the influence of sounds on humans; weather and human well-being; nutrition and human health; landscape as a health factor; problems of human adaptation to the environment; list of references.
4 slide
Chemical pollution of the atmosphere industry household boiler houses transport The main source of pyrogenic pollution: thermal power plants, metallurgical and chemical plants, boiler plants, Main harmful impurities of pyrogenic origin: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and sulfuric anhydride, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide, fluorine compounds, chlorine compounds
5 slide
Human exposure to carbon monoxide Concentration Mg/m3 Duration of exposure Symptoms of poisoning 6 20 min Reduced color and light sensitivity of the eyes, decreased accuracy of visual perception of space and night vision 80-111 3.5 hours Reduced speed of visual perception, deterioration in performance of psychological and psychomotor tests, coordination of small precise movements and analytical thinking 460 4-5 hours Severe headache, weakness, dizziness, fog before the eyes, nausea and vomiting, collapse. Headache, general muscle weakness, nausea. 1760 20 min Loss of consciousness, collapse 3500 5-10 min Headache, dizziness, vomiting, loss of consciousness 3400 20-30 min Weak pulse, slowing and stopping of breathing. Death 14000 1-3 min Loss of consciousness, vomiting, death
6 slide
Human exposure to sulfur dioxide and sulfuric anhydride. Symptoms of poisoning: runny nose, cough, hoarseness, sore throat. Inhalation of high concentrations may result in suffocation, speech impairment, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, and possible acute pulmonary edema. Human exposure to nitrogen oxides quantity symptoms Small amounts dulling of pain sensitivity. Small amounts of feeling of intoxication. Inhalation of pure gas causes narcotic state and suffocation
7 slide
Human exposure to hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide Concentration Mg/l exposure time Symptoms of poisoning 0.006 4 hours headache, lacrimation, photophobia, runny nose, pain in the eyes, decreased air and bone sound conductivity. 0.2-0.28 4 hours burning in the eyes, photophobia, lacrimation, congestion of the conjunctiva, irritation in the nose, metallic taste in the mouth, fatigue, headaches, chest tightness, nausea. 0.7 15-30 min painful irritation of the conjunctiva, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, colic, sometimes diarrhea, pain when urinating, shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, palpitations, headache, feeling of squeezing of the head, weakness, dizziness, sometimes fainting or agitation with confusion. 1.0 and above, convulsions and loss of consciousness end in rapid death from respiratory arrest, and sometimes from cardiac paralysis.
8 slide
Human exposure to fluorine compounds Leads to the development of chronic poisoning (fluorosis). Symptoms: weight loss, anemia, weakness, joint stiffness, brittle bones, discoloration. Human exposure to chlorine compounds is severe. Short-term cessation of breathing, then shallow, convulsive breathing is restored. The man loses consciousness. Death occurs within 5-25 minutes. medium form Reflexive cessation of breathing is short-lived, burning and pain in the eyes, lacrimation, pain behind the sternum, attacks of painful dry cough, toxic pulmonary edema develops after 2-4 hours. mild form of signs of irritation of the upper respiratory tract, which persist for several days.
Slide 9
Biological pollution of the environment - contamination by pathogenic organisms Main sources waste water industrial production agriculture utilities cities and towns, domestic and industrial landfills, cemeteries, etc. Biological pollution and human diseases
10 slide
Causative agents of tetanus, botulism, gas gangrene, and some fungal diseases. They can enter the human body if the skin is damaged, with unwashed food, or if hygiene rules are violated. Contaminated water sources caused epidemics of cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery. infection occurs through the respiratory tract by inhaling air. Diseases: influenza, whooping cough, mumps, diphtheria, measles and others. Pathogens get into the air when sick people cough, sneeze, and even talk. Soil Water: rivers, lakes, ponds. Air
11 slide
The influence of sounds on humans Sound - mechanical vibrations external environment, which are perceived by the human hearing aid (from 16 to 20,000 vibrations per second). Noise is loud sounds merged into a discordant sound. Noise level dB Impact 20-30 practically harmless to humans 80 permissible limit 130 causes pain in a person 150 becomes unbearable for him
12 slide
weather and human well-being Biorhythm - many rhythmic processes in the body (rhythms of the heart, breathing, bioelectrical activity of the brain). Circadian rhythms and biorhythms The study of changes in circadian rhythms makes it possible to identify the occurrence of some diseases at the earliest stages Climate and health 17th century - the foundations of the scientific direction in medicine about the influence of climatic factors on human health 1725 - the beginning of the study of the influence of climate, seasons and weather on humans in Russia
Slide 14
nutrition and human health Doctors say that good balanced nutrition is an important condition for maintaining health and high performance in adults, and for children also necessary condition growth and development. Many food products have bactericidal effects, inhibiting the growth and development of various microorganisms. 16 slide
Problems of human adaptation to the environment Types of human adaptation: Sprinter Stayer high resistance to short-term extreme factors and poor tolerance to long-term loads. Reverse type (in the northern regions of the country, people of the “stayer” type predominate among the population) Adaptation is a dynamic process through which the mobile systems of living organisms, despite the variability of conditions, maintain the stability necessary for existence, development and procreation.
Slide 17
Adapting to unfavorable environmental conditions, the human body experiences a state of tension and fatigue. Any disturbance in the person-environment balance is a source of anxiety. Anxiety, defined as a feeling of an uncertain threat; a feeling of diffuse apprehension and anxious anticipation; vague anxiety is the most powerful mechanism of mental stress. The main features of mental stress: 1) stress is a state of the body, its occurrence involves interaction between the body and the environment; 2) stress is a more intense state than the usual motivational one; it requires the perception of threat to occur; 3) stress phenomena occur when the normal adaptive reaction is insufficient.
18 slide
References http://ru.wikipedia.org/ http://www.5ka.ru/ http://revolution.allbest.ru/ http://www.ecologyplanet.ru/ http://www.ecosystema. ru/ http://www.chromdet.com/ http://otvety.mail.ru/ http://base.safework.ru/ http://www.ecostandard.ru/ http://www.chemport. ru/ http://www.medkursor.ru/ http://www.rian.ru/ http://otherreferats.allbest.ru/ http://www.100let.net/ http://www.biogweb. ru/ http://www.psylive.ru/
To use preview presentations create yourself an account ( account) Google and log in: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Place of the course “Human Ecology. Culture of Health" in the group of natural science disciplines. "The only beauty I know is health." G. Heine Presentation by Polovnikova O.V., Ecology Teacher, MBOU-Secondary School No. 1 R.p. Stepnoe Sovetsky district Saratov region
IN modern world play the largest role in the occurrence of diseases the following factors: Physical inactivity Overeating Information abundance Psycho-emotional stress
Diseases of civilization Cardiovascular Oncological Allergic Mental
Human ecology (anthropoecology) This is a complex science that studies the patterns of interaction between humans and the cosmoplanetary environment surrounding them. R. Park, E. Burgess - 1921
The goal of human ecology is to determine the nature and direction of processes arising as a result of the impact of the environment on human communities, and to assess their consequences on people’s livelihoods.
Health (WHO) is the absence of disease, a state of physical and social well-being.
Social factors influencing health: GNP allocation for healthcare Availability of primary health care Immunization level of the population Nutritional status of children Infant mortality rate Average life expectancy Hygienic literacy of the population
Factors affecting health
Factors negatively affecting health ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……..
Public health criteria Medical and hygienic Morbidity Primary disability Indicators of physical development Indicators of mental health
Homework Propose a plan of measures to fight for public health and to increase life expectancy. What should each of us do to be healthy? Page textbook
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
TEST on human ecology "Human Races" for 8th grade
TEST on human ecology “Human Races” in pictures with answers, for grade 8. Can be used both to reinforce the material and for questioning....
Work program on ecology 8th grade. "Human ecology. Landscape ecology"
Loading...
