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Presentation on the topic: Tanya Savicheva

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Tanya Savicheva Leningrad schoolgirl Date of birth: January 23, 1930 Place of birth: Village of Dvorishchi, Pskov region Date of death: July 1, 1944 Place of death: Shatki, Gorky region Father: Nikolai Rodionovich Savichev Mother: Maria Ignatievna Savicheva (Fedorova)

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Tanya Savicheva, like her brothers and sisters, grew up in Leningrad. She was the fifth and most youngest child. Tanya had two sisters and two brothers: Zhenya, Leonid “Leka”, Nina and Misha. Many years later, Nina Savicheva recalled the appearance of a fifth child in their family as follows: “Tanyusha was the youngest. In the evenings we gathered around the large dining table. Mom put the basket in which Tanya was sleeping in the center, and we watched, afraid to take another breath and wake up the baby.” In the memory of Nina and Misha, Tanya remained as very shy and not childishly serious: “Tanya was a golden girl. Curious, with a light, even character. She knew how to listen very well. We told her everything - about work, about sports, about friends. From her mother she inherited a fairly good “angelic” voice, which predicted a good singing career for her in the future. Especially a good relationship she had with her uncle Vasily and, since he and his brother had a small library in their apartment, Tanya asked all the questions about life to him.” Together with his sister Nina, they often walked along the Neva.

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The Savichev family lived in this house. By the beginning of the war, the Savichevs lived in house No. 13/6 on the 2nd line of Vasilievsky Island. Tanya, together with her mother, Nina, Leonid, Misha and grandmother Evdokia Grigorievna Fedorova, lived on the ground floor in apartment No. 1. At the end of May 1941, Tanya Savicheva graduated from the third grade of school No. 35 on the Sezdovskaya line (now Kadetsky Lane) of Vasilievsky Island and was supposed to in September go to the fourth. On September 16, in the Savichevs’ apartment, like in many others, the telephone was turned off. On November 3, the new school year began in Leningrad with a great delay. A total of 103 schools were opened, with 30 thousand students studying. Tanya went to her school No. 35 until, with the onset of winter, classes in Leningrad schools gradually stopped.

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Before the war, the Savichev family was large and friendly. An ordinary Leningrad family. The head of the family, Nikolai Rodionovich, worked as a baker, but died early. Maria Ignatievna was left with five children: the youngest, Tanya, was barely six. Maria Ignatievna was, as they called then, a seamstress, one of the best embroiderers in the fashion studio. She was always busy with something and always sang at the same time. The mother's sonorous voice invariably stood out in the family choir. The Savichevs loved to sing and dance. The family even had its own small orchestra. Leka and Misha - Tanya's brothers - played guitar, mandolin, and banjo. The doors of this house were always open to friends. When we sat down at the table, we even put a few extra plates in case someone stopped by. They also loved to walk around the city. The Savichevs lived not far from the Academy of Arts. Nearby are the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island, the Admiralty, and the Peter and Paul Fortress. They swam in the Neva with the sphinxes, and they all loved to go to Petrodvorets on a small boat on their days off.

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The Savichevs planned to spend the summer of 1941 in a village near Lake Peipsi. The morning of June 22nd changed plans. The close-knit Savichev family decided to stay in Leningrad, stick together, and help the front. Mother sewed uniforms for soldiers. Leka, due to poor eyesight, did not get into the army and worked as a planer at the Admiralty plant, sister Zhenya sharpened casings for mines, Nina was mobilized for defense work. Vasily and Alexey Savichev, two of Tanya’s uncles, served in the air defense. Tanya also did not sit idly by. Together with other children, she helped adults put out lighters and dig trenches.

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One day Nina did not return from work. That day there was heavy shelling, people at home were worried and waiting. But when all the deadlines passed, the mother gave Tanya, in memory of her sister, her small notebook, in which the girl began to make her notes. Tanya once had a real diary. A thick general notebook with an oilcloth cover, where she wrote down the most important things that happened in her life. She burned the diary when there was nothing left to light the stove. Apparently, she couldn’t burn the notebook - after all, it was a memory of her sister! A child's hand, losing strength from hunger, wrote down unevenly, sparingly - each tragic “visit of death” to his home.

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“How I remember that one now New Year. None of us waited until midnight; we went to bed hungry and were glad that the house was warm. The neighbor lit the stove with books from his library. He then gave Tanya a huge volume of "Myths Ancient Greece". Just then, secretly from everyone, my sister took my notebook." Even Nina and Misha themselves for a long time believed that Tanya made notes with a blue chemical pencil, which Nina used to line her eyes. And only in 2009, experts from the State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg “When preparing the diary for a closed exhibition, they established with certainty that Tanya made notes not with a chemical pencil, but with an ordinary colored pencil.

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Zhenya was the first to die. By December 1941, transport completely stopped working in Leningrad, the streets were completely covered with snow. To get to the plant, Zhenya had to walk almost seven kilometers from home. Sometimes she stayed overnight at the plant to save strength and work two shifts, but she was no longer in good health. At the end of December, Zhenya did not come to the plant. Concerned about her absence, Nina on the morning of Sunday, December 28, asked for time off from the night shift and hurried to her sister on Mokhovaya. She managed to arrive just in time for Zhenya to die in her arms. She was 32 years old. They wanted to bury Zhenya at the Serafimovskoye cemetery, because it was not far from the house, but all the approaches to the gate were littered with corpses, which no one had the strength to bury at that time. Therefore, they decided to bury Zhenya at the Smolensk Lutheran cemetery. With the help of her ex-husband Yuri, they managed to get the coffin. According to Nina’s recollections, already at the cemetery, Maria Ignatievna, bending over the coffin of her eldest daughter, uttered a phrase that became fatal for their family: “Here we are burying you, Zhenechka. Who will bury us and how?”

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On January 19, 1942, a decree was issued to open canteens for children aged eight to twelve years. Tanya wore them until January 22. On January 23, 1942, she turned twelve years old, as a result of which, by the standards of the besieged city, there were “no more children” in the Savichev family and from now on Tanya received the same ration of bread as an adult. In early January, Evdokia Grigorievna was given a terrible diagnosis: third degree alimentary dystrophy. This condition required urgent hospitalization, but the grandmother refused, citing the fact that Leningrad hospitals were already overcrowded. On January 25, two days after Tanya’s birthday, she passed away. In Nina’s book, on the page with the letter “B”, Tanya writes: Grandma died on January 25th. 3 p.m. 1942 Before her death, my grandmother really asked that her card not be thrown away, because it could be used before the end of the month. Many people in Leningrad did this, and for some time this supported the life of the relatives and friends of the deceased. Nina Savicheva does not remember where exactly she was buried. Perhaps Evdokia Grigorievna was buried in a mass grave at the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery.

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Leka literally lived at the Admiralty Plant, working there day and night. In most cases, he had to spend the night at the plant, often working two shifts in a row. In the book “History of the Admiralty Plant” there is a photo of Leonid, and under it the inscription: “Leonid Savichev worked very diligently, he was never late for a shift, although he was exhausted. But one day he didn’t come to the plant.” And two days later the workshop was informed that Savichev had died... Leka died of dystrophy on March 17 in the factory hospital. He was 24 years old. Tanya opens the notebook on the letter “L” and writes, hastily combining two words into one: Leka died on March 17 at 5 o’clock in 1942. Leka, along with the factory workers who died at the same time in the hospital, was buried by the factory employees - they took him away to the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery.

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In April 1942, with the warming, the threat of death from cold disappeared from besieged Leningrad, but the threat from hunger did not recede, as a result of which a whole epidemic began in the city by that time: nutritional dystrophy, scurvy, intestinal diseases and tuberculosis claimed the lives of thousands of Leningraders. And the Savichevs were no exception. On April 13, at the age of 56, Vasily died. Tanya opens the notebook on the letter “B” and makes a corresponding entry, which is not very correct and confusing: Uncle Vasya died on April 13, 2 at night, 1942. On May 4, 1942, 137 schools opened in Leningrad. Almost 64 thousand children returned to school. Medical checkup showed that out of every hundred, only four did not suffer from scurvy and dystrophy. Tanya never returned to her school No. 35, because now she was taking care of her mother and Uncle Lyosha, who by that time had already completely undermined their health. Alexey died at the age of 71 on May 10. The page with the letter “L” was already occupied by Leka and therefore Tanya writes on the spread, on the left. But either she no longer had enough strength, or grief completely overwhelmed the soul of the suffering girl, because on this page Tanya skips the word “died”:

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Could it be imagined that three days after the death of Uncle Lyosha, Tanya would be left completely alone? Maria Ignatievna was 52 years old when on the morning of May 13 she passed away. Perhaps Tanya simply didn’t have the courage to write “mom died,” so on the sheet with the letter “M” she writes: Mom on May 13 at 7.30 am 1942. With the death of her mother, Tanya completely lost hope of victory and that that Misha and Nina will return home someday. On the letter “S” she writes: The Savichevs died. Tanya finally considers Misha and Nina dead and therefore on the letter “U” she writes: Everyone died And, finally, on “O”: Only Tanya remains

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Tanya spent her first terrible day with her friend Vera Afanasyevna Nikolaenko, who lived with her parents on the floor below the Savichevs. Vera was a year older than Tanya and the girls talked like neighbors. “Tanya knocked on our door this morning. She said that her mother had just died and she was left all alone. She asked me to help transport the body. She was crying and looked completely sick.”Vera’s mother Agrippina Mikhailovna Nikolaenko sewed Maria Ignatievna’s body into a gray blanket with a stripe. Vera's father Afanasy Semyonovich, who was wounded at the front, was treated in a hospital in Leningrad and had the opportunity to often come home, went to kindergarten, which was nearby, and asked for a two-wheeled cart there. On it, he and Vera together carried the body across the entire Vasilyevsky Island beyond the Smolenka River. “Tanya couldn’t come with us - she was completely weak. I remember the cart bouncing on the paving stones, especially when we walked along Maly Prospekt. The body wrapped in a blanket was leaning to one side, and I supported it. Behind the bridge over Smolenka there was a huge hangar. Corpses were brought there from all over Vasilyevsky Island. We brought the body there and left it. I remember there was a mountain of corpses there. When they entered there, a terrible groan was heard. It was air coming out of the throat of someone dead... I became very scared.”

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Evdokia Petrovna Arsenyeva arranged for Tanya to Orphanage No. 48 of the Smolninsky district, which was then preparing for evacuation to the Shatkovsky district of the Gorky region, which was 1,300 kilometers from Leningrad. The train in which Tanya was was repeatedly bombed, and only in August 1942 finally arrived in the village of Shatki. One of the founders of the Shatka museum dedicated to Tanya Savicheva, history teacher Irina Nikolaeva, later recalled: “A lot of people came out to meet this train at the station. The wounded were constantly brought to Shatki, but this time people were warned that in one of the carriages there would be children from besieged Leningrad. The train stopped, but no one came out of the opened door of the large carriage. Most of The children simply could not get out of bed. Those who decided to look inside could not come to their senses for a long time. The sight of the children was terrible - bones, skin and wild melancholy in their huge eyes. The women raised an incredible cry. “They’re still alive!” - the NKVD officers accompanying the train reassured them. Almost immediately, people began to carry food to that carriage and give away their last. As a result, the children were sent under escort to a room prepared for an orphanage. Human kindness and the smallest piece of bread could easily kill them from starvation.”

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Despite the shortage of food and medicine, Gorky residents were able to take out Leningrad children. As follows from the report on the living conditions of the orphanage residents, all 125 children were physically exhausted, but there were only five infectious patients. One baby suffered from stomatitis, three had scabies, and another had tuberculosis. This only tuberculosis patient turned out to be Tanya Savicheva. Tanya was not allowed to see other children, and the only person who communicated with her was nurse Nina Mikhailovna Seredkina. She did everything to ease Tanya’s suffering and, according to the recollections of Irina Nikolaeva, she succeeded to some extent: After some time, Tanya could walk on crutches, and later she moved around, holding onto the wall with her hands. But Tanya was still so weak that at the beginning In March 1944, she had to be sent to the Ponetaevsky Home for the Invalids, although she did not get better there either. Due to health reasons, she was the most seriously ill patient... Of all the children of orphanage No. 48 who arrived at that time, only Tanya Savicheva could not be saved. She was often tormented by headaches, and shortly before her death she became blind. Tanya Savicheva died on July 1, 1944 at the age of 14 and a half years.

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Tannin records are also carved on the gray stone of the “Flower of Life” monument, near St. Petersburg, on the third kilometer of the blockade “Road of Life”. The memorial includes the “Flower of Life” monument, the Friendship Alley and the funeral mound “Tanya Savicheva’s Diary”. the face of a smiling boy and the words “May there always be sunshine.” Nearby there is a slab with the inscription: “In the name of life and against war. To children - young heroes of Leningrad 1941-1944."

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“Zhenya died on December 28. at 12:00 am 1941" "Grandmother died on January 25. At 3 a.m. 1942." "Leka died on March 17 at 5 a.m. 1942." "Uncle Vasya died at 2 a.m. on April 14. 1942." "Uncle Lesha died on May 10 at 4 a.m. 1942." "Mom died on May 13 at 7.30 a.m. 1942." "The Savichevs died." "Everyone died." "Only Tanya remained." Tanya Savicheva's diary appeared at the Nuremberg trials as one of the indictment documents against Nazi criminals. This diary at the Nuremberg trials was a document, terrible and weighty, People cried, reading the lines. People cried, cursing fascism. Tanya’s diary is the pain of Leningrad, But everyone needs to read it. It’s as if the page behind the page is screaming: “This shouldn’t all happen again! »

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The name of Tanya Savicheva has become immortal and is inextricably linked with the tragedy of besieged Leningrad. She was an ordinary girl from an ordinary large family. I went to school, read, made friends, went to the cinema. And suddenly the war began, the enemy surrounded the city... The girl’s siege diary still worries people. The little artist depicted the moment when Tanya Savicheva was finishing her diary, trying to convey the grief and the immense suffering that this little girl experienced.

“Zhenya died on December 28. at one o'clock. morning 1941 Grandmother died on January 25th. at 3 o'clock in the afternoon 1942. Leka died on March 17 at 5 o'clock. morning 1942 Uncle Vasya died on April 13. at 2 a.m. 1942 Uncle Lesha May 10 at 4 p.m. 1942 Mom May 13 at 7.30 a.m. 1942 The Savichevs died. Everyone died. Tanya is the only one left." In such simple, such terrible words, a little Leningrad girl told about what the war brought to her family, to all Leningrad families! From November 20, 1941, the norm for the distribution of bread to Leningraders reached its lowest level of 250 grams. per day for workers, 125 gr. other groups of the population. People who survived the siege will never forget this siege bread, consisting of 30% rye flour, 15% cellulose, 10% malt, the rest cake, rice flour, bran and wallpaper dust.

Tanya Savicheva () p. Shatki, Gorky region. Monument to the young heroes of the siege of Leningrad in the village. Kovalevo

For 900 days of unprecedented strict blockade. “A person was killed and wounded from bombing and artillery shelling.” Tanya's diary was witnessed on. At the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery in Leningrad - only at Piskarevskoye! – victims of the siege are buried. Tanya's name became eternal. In the spring of 1980, the International Planetary Center approved the names of the new planets. The Leningrad girl was also awarded a high heavenly honor. One of the minor planets is named Tanya. In the village of Kovalevo, in the place where the Road of Life once passed, a stone flower grew in 1968. To young heroes This monument was erected during the siege of Leningrad. "May there always be sunshine!" - inscribed on its petals. We remember you, the memory of the courage and courage of the little Leningraders will live forever!

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Siege diary of Tanya Savicheva Completed by: Danilova Olga Anatolyevna Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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“Don’t argue, I ask you... - For God’s sake! It’s so scary - every sound is minted by your soul - No one told us about the blockade, Like the girl whose name is Tanya Savicheva...” Vladimir Panfilov Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Tanya was eleven years old, or more precisely, eleven and a half. She was born on January 23, 1930. At the end of May 1941, she graduated from the third grade of school No. 35 on the Syezdovskaya line of Vasilyevsky Island and was supposed to go to the fourth in September. She was the daughter of a baker and a seamstress, the youngest in the family, loved by everyone. Large gray eyes under light brown bangs, a sailor blouse, a clear, ringing “angelic” voice that promised a singing future. Tanya Savicheva Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Twelve-year-old Leningrad resident Tanya Savicheva began keeping her diary a little earlier than Anne Frank, a victim of the Holocaust. They were almost the same age and wrote about the same thing - about the horror of fascism. And these two girls died without waiting for Victory: Tanya - in July 1944, Anna - in March 1945. “The Diary of Tanya Savicheva” was not published; it contains only 9 terrible entries about the death of her large family in besieged Leningrad. This small notebook was presented at the Nuremberg trials as a document indicting fascism. Diary of Tanya Savicheva Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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His wife, Tanya’s eldest sister, is 32 years old (born in 1909). After marriage, she moved from Vasilyevsky Island to Mokhovaya Street and, despite divorcing her husband, continued to live there. She worked with her sister Nina on Nevsky machine-building plant named after Lenin (Zhenya - in the archive, and Nina - in the design bureau), donated blood to save soldiers wounded at the front. But health was no longer enough. Elder sister Zhenya Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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And in a small notebook, which later became a blockade diary, the first tragic entry appeared in alphabetical order starting with the letter “F”, made by Tanya: “Zhenya died on December 28 at 12.30 in the morning 1941.” Writing with the letter “F” Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Grandmother Evdokia Grandmother Evdokia Grigorievna Fedorova (nee Arsenyeva) turned 74 years old in 1941, on June 22, the day the war began. Siege starvation overcame her on the coldest, frostiest January days. Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Entry with the letter “B” In the notebook on the page with the letter “B” Tanya writes: “Grandmother died on January 25, 3 p.m. 1942” Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Brother Leonid (Leka) was 24 years old (born in 1917). He worked as a planer at the Ship Mechanical (Admiralty) Plant. In the very first days of the war, I rushed with my friends to the military registration and enlistment office, but were not accepted into the army because of my eyesight - I was very short-sighted. He was left at the factory - urgent military orders need to be fulfilled, specialists are needed. He lived there for weeks, working day and night. Brother Leonid (Leka) I rarely had to visit my relatives, although the plant was not far from home - on the opposite bank of the Neva, across the Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge. Here, in the factory hospital, he died of dystrophy. Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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With the letter “L” Tanya writes: “Leka died on March 17 at 5 o’clock in 1942,” combining two words into one. She hides it in a box decorated with Palekh paintings, in which family heirlooms are stored - her mother’s veil and wedding candles. Along with them are the death certificates of dad, Zhenya, grandmother, and now Leka. Writing with the letter “L” Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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But hunger continues its vile work: nutritional dystrophy, scurvy, intestinal diseases, tuberculosis claim the lives of thousands of Leningraders. And grief bursts into the Savichevs again. In the notebook starting with the letter “B”, confused lines appear: “Uncle Vasya died on April 13, 2 a.m. 1942.” Writing with the letter “B” Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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And almost a month later: “Uncle Lesha May 10 at 4 p.m. 1942.” The page in the notebook for the letter “L” is already taken, and you have to write on the left side of the page. But either she didn’t have enough strength, or grief filled the soul of the suffering child - Tanya missed the word “died” on this page. Writing with the letter “L” Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Mother Maria Ignatievna Savicheva turned 52 years old in 1941. The entire household after the death of her husband, a large family (five children) is on her shoulders. She worked as a home worker at garment factory, was one of the best embroiderers, had a wonderful voice and an ear for music. And during the war, Maria Ignatievna sews mittens for the “trenchmen” and uniforms for front-line soldiers. Goes on duty with local air defense volunteers. Mom Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Mom is a cheerful, kind and hospitable person. Strong and resilient. Everything always works out for her, everything works out. And now she's gone. How difficult, how scary it is to write the word “died” - “Mom on May 13 at 7.30 am 1942.” Writing with the letter “M” Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Mom died, everything collapsed. Grief constrained the body, I didn’t want to move, I didn’t want to move. “The Savichevs died,” “Everyone died,” “Only Tanya remained.” The pencil scratches - it's already covered in writing. The fingers don’t obey, as if they were made of wood, but they clearly sum it up. Tanya seems to mint each entry on separate pieces of paper with the corresponding letter - “M”, “S”, “U”, “O”. “Only Tanya remains” Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Left alone, barely moving her legs, she went to her grandmother’s niece, Aunt Dusya. The path ahead was quite long, to the Smolninsky district. The dystrophy progressed, and it was necessary to urgently admit Tanya to the hospital. Tanya's fate And at the beginning of July 1942, Aunt Dusya, having relinquished guardianship, placed her in orphanage No. 48 of the Smolninsky district. Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Tanya was so weak that she had to be sent to the Ponetaevsky Home for the Invalids, although she did not get better there either. For health reasons, she was the most seriously ill patient. Tanya was transferred to Shatkovskaya district hospital, but progressive dystrophy, scurvy, nervous shock, and even bone tuberculosis, which she suffered from in early childhood, did their job. Of all the children evacuated from Leningrad to the Gorky region, only Tanya Savicheva could not be saved. She died at the age of 14 and a half years old with a diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. Danilova Olga Anatolyevna

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Leningrad schoolgirl
Date of Birth:
January 23, 1930
Place of Birth:
Village of Dvorishchi, Pskov region
Date of death: July 1, 1944
A place of death:
Shatki, Gorky region Father:
Nikolai Rodionovich Savichev
Mother:
Maria Ignatievna Savicheva (Fedorova)
Tanya at 6 years old, 1936

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Biography

Tanya Savicheva, like her brothers and sisters, grew up in Leningrad. She was the fifth and youngest child. Tanya had two sisters and two brothers: Zhenya, Leonid “Leka”, Nina and Misha. Many years later, Nina Savicheva recalled the appearance of a fifth child in their family as follows:
“Tanyusha was the youngest. In the evenings we gathered around the large dining table. Mom put the basket in which Tanya was sleeping in the center, and we watched, afraid to take another breath and wake up the baby.”
In the memory of Nina and Misha, Tanya remained as very shy and not childishly serious:
“Tanya was a golden girl. Curious, with a light, even character. She knew how to listen very well. We told her everything -
about work, about sports, about friends. From her mother she inherited a fairly good “angelic” voice, which predicted a good singing career for her in the future. She had a particularly good relationship with her uncle Vasily, and since he and his brother had a small library in their apartment, Tanya asked him all the questions about life.”
Together with his sister Nina, they often walked along the Neva.

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The Savichev family lived in this house

By the beginning of the war, the Savichevs lived in house No. 13/6 on the 2nd line of Vasilyevsky Island. Tanya, together with her mother, Nina, Leonid, Misha and grandmother Evdokia Grigorievna Fedorova, lived on the ground floor in apartment No. 1. At the end of May 1941, Tanya Savicheva graduated from the third grade of school No. 35 on the Sezdovskaya line (now Kadetsky Lane) of Vasilievsky Island and was supposed to in September go to the fourth. On September 16, in the Savichevs’ apartment, like in many others, the telephone was turned off. On November 3, the new school year began in Leningrad with a great delay. A total of 103 schools were opened, with 30 thousand students studying. Tanya went to her school No. 35 until, with the onset of winter, classes in Leningrad schools gradually stopped.

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Before the war, the Savichev family was large
and friendly. Common Leningrad
family. Head of the family - Nikolai Rodionovich
- worked as a baker, but died early. Left
Maria Ignatievna has five children in her arms:
the youngest, Tanya, was barely six.
Maria Ignatievna was, as they called then,
seamstress, one of the best embroiderers
in a fashion studio She was always busy with something
and always sang at the same time. Mother's sonorous voice
invariably stood out in the family choir. The Savichevs loved to sing and dance. The family even had its own small orchestra. Leka and Misha - Tanya's brothers - played guitar, mandolin, and banjo. The doors of this house were always open to friends. When we sat down at the table, we even put a few extra plates in case someone stopped by. They also loved to walk around the city. The Savichevs lived not far from the Academy of Arts. Nearby are the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island, the Admiralty, and the Peter and Paul Fortress. They swam in the Neva with the sphinxes, and they all loved to go to Petrodvorets on a small boat on their days off.

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The Savichevs planned to spend the summer of 1941 in a village near Lake Peipsi. The morning of June 22nd changed plans. The close-knit Savichev family decided to stay in Leningrad, stick together, and help the front. Mother sewed uniforms for soldiers. Leka, due to poor eyesight, did not get into the army and worked as a planer at the Admiralty plant, sister Zhenya sharpened casings for mines, Nina was mobilized for defense work. Vasily and Alexey Savichev, two of Tanya’s uncles, served in the air defense. Tanya also did not sit idly by. Together with other children, she helped adults put out lighters and dig trenches.

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One day I didn't come back from work
Nina. There was heavy shelling that day, people were worried at home
and waited. But when everything has passed
deadlines, mother gave to Tanya, in memory
about her sister, her small notebook, in which the girl began to make her notes. At Tanya's
was
once a real diary.
A thick general notebook with an oilcloth cover, where she wrote down the most important things that happened in her life. She burned the diary when there was nothing left to light the stove. Apparently, she couldn’t burn the notebook - after all, it was a memory of her sister! A child's hand, losing strength from hunger, wrote down unevenly, sparingly - each tragic “visit of death” to his home.

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“I still remember that New Year. None of us waited until midnight; we went to bed hungry and were glad that the house was warm. The neighbor lit the stove with books from his library. He then gave Tanya a huge volume of “Myths of Ancient Greece”. Just then, secretly from everyone, my sister took my notebook.”
Even Nina and Misha themselves believed for a long time that Tanya made notes with a blue chemical pencil, which Nina used to line her eyes. And only in 2009, experts from the State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg, preparing the diary for a closed exhibition, established with certainty that Tanya made notes not with a chemical pencil, but with an ordinary colored pencil.

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Death

Zhenya was the first to die. By December 1941, transport completely stopped working in Leningrad, the streets were completely covered with snow. To get to the plant, Zhenya had to walk almost seven kilometers from home. Sometimes she stayed overnight at the plant to save strength and work two shifts, but she was no longer in good health. At the end of December, Zhenya did not come to the plant. Concerned about her absence, Nina on the morning of Sunday, December 28, asked for time off from the night shift and hurried to her sister on Mokhovaya. She managed to arrive just in time for Zhenya to die in her arms. She was 32 years old.
On the letter “F” Tanya writes:
Zhenya died on December 28 at 12.30 am, 1941.
They wanted to bury Zhenya at the Serafimovskoye cemetery, because it was not far from the house, but all the approaches to the gate were littered with corpses, which no one had the strength to bury at that time. Therefore, they decided to bury Zhenya at the Smolensk Lutheran cemetery. With the help of her ex-husband Yuri, they managed to get the coffin. According to Nina’s recollections, already at the cemetery, Maria Ignatievna, bending over the coffin of her eldest daughter, uttered a phrase that became fatal for their family: “Here we are burying you, Zhenechka. Who will bury us and how?”

Slide 9


On January 19, 1942, a decree was issued to open canteens for children aged eight to twelve years. Tanya wore them until January 22. On January 23, 1942, she turned twelve years old, as a result of which, by the standards of the besieged city, there were “no more children” in the Savichev family and from now on Tanya received the same ration of bread as an adult.
At the beginning of January, Evdokia Grigorievna was given a terrible diagnosis: third degree of nutritional dystrophy. This condition required urgent hospitalization, but the grandmother refused, citing the fact that Leningrad hospitals were already overcrowded. On January 25, two days after Tanya’s birthday, she passed away. In Nina’s book, on the page with the letter “B”, Tanya writes:
Grandmother died on January 25th. 3 p.m. 1942
Before her death, my grandmother asked very much not to throw away her card, because it could be used before the end of the month. Many people in Leningrad did this, and for some time this supported the life of the relatives and friends of the deceased. Nina Savicheva does not remember where exactly she was buried. Perhaps Evdokia Grigorievna was buried in a mass grave at the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery.

Slide 10


Leka literally lived on Admiralteysky
factory, working there day and night.
In most cases, he had to spend the night at the enterprise, often working
two shifts in a row. There is a photo in the book “History of the Admiralty Plant”
Leonida, and under it the inscription:
“Leonid Savichev worked very diligently, and was never late for a shift, although he was exhausted. But
One day he didn’t come to the factory.” And two days later the workshop was informed that Savichev had died...
Leka died of dystrophy on March 17 in a factory hospital. He was 24 years old. Tanya reveals
notepad on the letter “L” and writes, hastily combining two words into one:
Leka died on March 17 at 5 o'clock in 1942.
Leka, along with the factory workers who died at the same time in the hospital, was buried by the factory employees - they were taken to the Piskarevskoye memorial cemetery.

Slide 11


In April 1942, with the warming, the threat of death from cold disappeared from besieged Leningrad, but the threat from hunger did not recede, as a result of which a whole epidemic began in the city by that time: nutritional dystrophy, scurvy, intestinal diseases and tuberculosis claimed the lives of thousands of Leningraders. And the Savichevs were no exception. On April 13, at the age of 56, Vasily died. Tanya opens her notebook to the letter “B” and makes a corresponding entry, which is not very correct and confusing:
Uncle Vasya died on April 13, 2 a.m. 1942.
On May 4, 1942, 137 schools opened in Leningrad.
Almost 64 thousand children returned to school. A medical examination showed that out of every hundred, only four did not suffer from scurvy and dystrophy. Tanya never returned to her school No. 35, because now she was taking care of her mother and Uncle Lyosha, who by that time had already completely undermined their health. Alexey died at the age of 71 on May 10. The page with the letter “L” was already occupied by Leka and therefore Tanya writes on the spread, on the left. But either the strength was no longer enough, or grief completely overwhelmed the soul of the suffering girl, because on this page the word “died” Tanya
skips:
Uncle Lesha May 10 at 4 pm 1942

Slide 12


Could it be imagined that three days after the death of Uncle Lyosha, Tanya would be left completely alone? Maria Ignatievna was 52 years old when on the morning of May 13 she passed away. Perhaps Tanya simply didn’t have the courage to write “mom died,” so on the sheet of paper with the letter “M” she writes:
Mom on May 13 at 7.30 a.m. 1942
With the death of her mother, Tanya completely lost hope of victory and that Misha and Nina would ever return home. On the letter "C" she writes:
The Savichevs died
Tanya finally considers Misha and Nina dead and therefore writes on the letter “U”:
Everyone died
And finally, on “O”:
Tanya is the only one left

Slide 13


Tanya spent her first terrible day with her friend Vera Afanasyevna Nikolaenko, who lived with her parents on the floor below the Savichevs. Vera was a year older than Tanya and the girls talked like neighbors. “Tanya knocked on our door this morning. She said that her mother had just died and she was left all alone. She asked me to help transport the body. She was crying and looked very sick."
Vera's mother Agrippina Mikhailovna Nikolaenko sewed Maria Ignatievna's body into a gray blanket with a stripe. Vera's father Afanasy Semyonovich, who was wounded at the front, was treated in a hospital in Leningrad and had the opportunity to come home often, went to the kindergarten that was nearby and asked there
two-wheeled cart. On it, he and Vera together carried the body across the entire Vasilyevsky Island beyond the Smolenka River. “Tanya couldn’t come with us - she was completely weak. I remember the cart bouncing on the paving stones, especially when we walked along Maly Prospekt. The body wrapped in a blanket was leaning to one side, and I supported it. Behind the bridge over Smolenka there was a huge hangar. Corpses were brought there from all over Vasilyevsky Island. We brought the body there and left it. I remember there was a mountain of corpses there. When they entered there, a terrible groan was heard. It was air coming out of the throat of someone dead... I became very scared.”

Slide 14


Evdokia Petrovna Arsenyeva registered Tanya in orphanage No. 48 of the Smolninsky district, which was then preparing for evacuation to the Shatkovsky district of the Gorky region, which was 1,300 kilometers from Leningrad. The train in which Tanya was was repeatedly bombed, and only in August 1942 finally arrived in the village of Shatki. One of the founders of the Shatka museum dedicated to Tanya Savicheva, history teacher Irina Nikolaeva, later recalled:
“A lot of people came out to meet this train at the station. The wounded were constantly brought to Shatki, but this time people were warned that in one of the carriages there would be children from besieged Leningrad. The train stopped, but no one came out of the opened door of the large carriage. Most of the children simply could not get out of bed. Those who decided to look inside could not come to their senses for a long time. The sight of the children was terrible - bones, skin and wild melancholy in their huge eyes. The women raised an incredible cry. “They’re still alive!” - the NKVD officers accompanying the train reassured them. Almost immediately, people began to carry food to that carriage and give away their last.
As a result, the children were sent under escort to a room prepared for an orphanage. Human kindness and the smallest piece of bread could easily kill them from starvation.”

Slide 15


Despite the shortage of food and medicine, Gorky residents were able to take out Leningrad children. As follows from the report on the living conditions of the orphanage residents, all 125 children were physically exhausted, but there were only five infectious patients. One baby suffered from stomatitis, three had scabies, and another had tuberculosis. This only tuberculosis patient turned out to be Tanya Savicheva.
Tanya was not allowed to see other children, and the only one
the person who communicated with her was nurse Nina
Mikhailovna Seredkina. She did everything to make it easier
Tanya suffered and, according to the recollections of Irina Nikolaeva, she succeeded to some extent: After some time, Tanya could walk on crutches, and later she moved around, holding onto the wall with her hands.
But Tanya was still so weak that at the beginning of March 1944 she had to be sent to the Ponetaevsky Home for the Invalids, although she did not get better there either. Due to health reasons, she was the most seriously ill patient... Of all the children of orphanage No. 48 who arrived at that time, only Tanya Savicheva could not be saved. She was often tormented by headaches, and shortly before her death she became blind. Tanya Savicheva died on July 1, 1944 at the age of 14 and a half years.




“Zhenya died on December 28. at 12:00 am 1941.”
“Grandmother died on January 25th. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon 1942."
“Leka died on March 17 at 5 a.m. 1942.”
“Uncle Vasya died at 2 am on April 14. 1942"
“Uncle Lesha died on May 10 at 4:00 pm 1942.”
“Mom died on May 13 at 7.30 am 1942.”
“The Savichevs are dead.”
"Everyone died."
“There’s only Tanya left.”
This diary from the Nuremberg trials
It was a document, terrible and weighty,
People cried while reading the lines.
People cried, cursing fascism.
Tanya's diary is the pain of Leningrad,
But everyone needs to read it.
It’s as if the page behind the page is screaming:
“This shouldn’t happen again!”
Diary of Tanya Savicheva
appeared at the Nuremberg trials as one of the indictment documents against Nazi criminals.

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summary of other presentations

“Leningrad during the war years” - People were buried in mass graves. Yesterday's schoolchildren, students, workers - everyone went to the front. Millions of people rushed to the front to fight their enemies. All Leningraders rose to defend the city. They tried to leave even a small piece of bread for a long time. Two fingers did not meet on the counter: the guys kept a line. Lake Ladoga remained the only route of communication with besieged Leningrad. Every year, former blockade survivors receive postcards with congratulations from the President of Russia.

“The Diary of Tanya Savicheva” - Entry with the letter “v”. Diary of Tanya Savicheva. Well, what about Tanya? Older sister Zhenya. Writing with the letter "m". Tanya Savicheva. Grandmother Evdokia. Original document. Writing with the letter "l". Writing with the letter "zh". Granite monument with bronze bas-relief. A monument was built. Notebook. Mother. Tanya Savicheva's grave. Entry starting with the letter "b". Brother Leonid (Leka). Tanya is the only one left. Siege diary of Tanya Savicheva.

“Leningrad 1941-1944” - Horse-drawn convoys took to the ice... Encirclement of Leningrad. Removing the blockade. Words cannot express how we felt then. K.E. Voroshilov. "City - Hero". In Yaroslavl there is a monument to the victims of the siege of Leningrad. Monument to the children of besieged Leningrad (Yaroslavl). Monuments. By November 17, the ice thickness reached 100 mm, which was not enough to open traffic. Monument in honor of breaking the siege of Leningrad! Monument to the heroic defenders of besieged Leningrad.

“The time of the siege of Leningrad” - Piskarevskoye cemetery. Air raid warning cleared. The city lived and fought. Leningrad blockade. Welcome the vibrant spring, people of the Earth. Starvation. Your homeland is proud of you. About those who will never come again, I conjure, remember. Carry your dream through the years and fill it with life. The worst siege of a city in military history humanity. 2 million 544 thousand people. Breaking the blockade. Operation. In January 1943, the blockade was broken by Soviet troops.

“Petersburg is a hero city” - Fierce battles on the outskirts of Leningrad. Piskarevskoe cemetery. Leningrad poetess Olga Berggolts. Heroic defense of Leningrad. Numerous memorial signs. The inhabitants of this city must, had to die. Leningrad as one of the first targets of attack. Inscriptions. They worked in different ways. Why was Leningrad awarded the title of hero city? Leningrad not only withstood the siege, but also won. High rank of Hero Soviet Union 226 people were awarded.

“Children during the siege of Leningrad” - The most precious thing on earth. Today, on the road of life there is a monument “Flower of Life”. The Savichevs planned to spend the summer of 1941 in a village near Gdov. All the defenders of Leningrad swore not to surrender. Twelve-year-old Leningrad resident Tanya Savicheva began keeping her diary. Children of besieged Leningrad. The children were taken away from Leningrad on boats. People of Leningrad. Diary of Tatyana Savicheva. On January 27, 1944, Leningrad saluted with 24 salvos from 324 guns.