Presentation on the topic "chemistry and everyday human life." Chemistry and everyday human life Means for controlling household insects

Slide 6

Any detergent must have a dual function: the ability to interact with a pollutant (most often fat) and convert it into water or an aqueous solution. Abundant foam is not necessary for successful washing and washing. When using washing machines, excessive foam is not even desirable, but for cleaning carpets and upholstered furniture it is necessary. Therefore, there are different foaming agents: stabilizers, enhancers, foam destroyers.

Slide 7

Every item, be it a shirt, coat, suit or raincoat, always has symbols. They indicate how to properly wash, iron or dry products, which washing powders can be used and which cannot.

Slide 8

Slide 9

Products for controlling household insects

Regularly cleaning the room, keeping the dishes, stove, floors, and linen perfectly clean, you are still not guaranteed against the appearance of harmful household insects in the house. If they appear, then insecticides come to the rescue - means to combat insects. Insecticides are used in the form of solutions, emulsions, suspensions, and aerosols.

Slide 10

While processing the premises, you must not eat, drink water, or smoke. Windows should be open to avoid creating a high concentration of toxic substances in the air. All food and utensils must be removed. To avoid fire, do not spray the contents of aerosol cans over an open fire. It should be remembered that everything wooden items absorb pesticides well, and varnished surfaces can deteriorate. Many insecticides have an allergenic effect. Weakness, headache, nausea, itchy skin, rash, asthmatic attacks are signs of an allergic reaction. After treatment with drugs, the room must be well ventilated, since many insecticides are odorless.

Slide 11

Chemical hygiene and cosmetic products

Cosmetics and hygiene are closely related, since there are cosmetics (lotions, creams, shampoos, shower gels, etc.) that also perform a hygienic function. The most important hygiene products include, first of all, soaps and detergents (see above). Here we will pay attention to some other means that are most often used in everyday life.

Slide 12

Cosmetical tools

In men, this was especially manifested in a penchant for tattooing, and women tinted their eyelids, eyebrows, lips, and cheeks. Naturally, in the distant past, only natural substances were used as cosmetics. For example, eyelids were tinted blue with the finest pollen from crushed turquoise - a mineral, and eyebrows were painted with soft natural minerals - antimony shine.

Slide 13

Slide 14

Cosmetics for nails are varnishes. The base of nail polishes is a solution of nitrocellulose in organic solvents. Nitrocellulose is obtained by nitration of cellulose (cotton or wood) with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids. Amyl ester of acetic acid, acetone, various alcohols, and mixtures thereof are used as solvents. In addition to the dye, plasticizers (for example, castor oil) are added to the varnish, which prevent the nails from degreasing and prevent their fragility.

Slide 15

Powder is an excellent moisture adsorbent (mainly due to kaolin). A thin layer of it is quite enough to absorb the secretions of sweat glands working as usual. On a hot day, powder clogs all pores and causes harm. Talc gives the powder flowability and a sliding effect.

Slide 16

Chemistry and food

Slide 17

Slide 18

Questions!

Question 1. Why is beetroot borscht red? ...This is explained by the fact that the coloring matter of beets, like litmus, retains its red color only in an acidic environment. Question 2. Why do potatoes “float”? ...usually potatoes drown in water, but when a saturated salt solution is added, specific gravity which is higher than the specific gravity of the potato, the tuber floats up. When clean water is added, the solution is diluted and its specific gravity changes again, so the potatoes sink to the bottom.

Slide 19

Question 3. How to light a sugar cube? ….If you sprinkle some cigarette ash on a piece of sugar and bring the sugar to the flame, it will light up and burn with a bluish-yellow flame. Here the ash serves as a catalyst. Question 4. How to prepare a “fizzy drink” that quenches thirst well on a hot day? ...Take half a glass of cold boiled water, add a quarter teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of granulated sugar into it, add a little (on the tip of a knife) of solid citric acid or lemon juice.

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Abstract for the presentation

A presentation on the topic “Substances in everyday life” in chemistry will help the teacher in teaching the lesson. Introduces students to the main problems of food safety, household chemicals, and contains interesting facts. Showing slides will help you better understand the material.

1. The main problems facing modern man
2. Shortage healthy eating
3. Detergents
4. Experience No. 1
5. Composition of sausage
6. Experience No. 2
7. Interesting Facts about Coca-Cola
8. Experience No. 3

Format

pptx (powerpoint)

Number of slides

Gerasimenko E.V.

Audience

Words

Abstract

Present

Purpose

• To conduct a lesson by a teacher

Slide 1

"Substances in Your Life"

Chemistry lesson in 9th grade

Teacher: Gerasimenko E.V.

Slide 2

“If the father of a disease is not always known, then its mother is always food.” Hippocrates

Purpose of the lesson:

Slide 3

The main problems that modern people face:

• food quality

Slide 4

Why does a person eat food? What do we know about food and nutrition?

Slide 5

Healthy diet deficiency

• Chips
• "Mars - Snickers"
• "Chupa - chups"
• "Kirieshki", pizza,
• hot dogs

Slide 6

Detergents

Slide 7

Experience No. 1

• Determining the nature of the detergent environment and identifying a product that has less adverse effects on the skin.
  • 1.. Stir with a stick until the soap dissolves.
  • 3. Then carefully lower this paper into the glass with the soap solution.
  • 4.You can do similar actions with solutions:

A) liquid soap; b) shampoo.

Slide 8

Fill out the table in the instruction card

Slide 9

Composition of sausage

• 30% - poultry meat. 25% - emulsion 25% - soy protein. 10% - just meat. 8% - flour/starch. 2% - flavoring additives
• Emulsion - leather, meat production waste - all this is ground and boiled to a light gray pulp.
• Soy is a regular white powder.

Slide 10

• When purchasing, carefully look at the packaging, labeling, production date and expiration date;
• pay attention to how the product is stored in the store display. The optimal storage temperature for sausages and meat is from 0° to 6°C;
• the surface of the sausage must be clean, dry, without damage, punctures, or minced meat deposits;
• the shell - artificial or natural - should not leave the product.

Slide 11

Experience No. 2

Determining the presence of impurities in meat products using an example sausages.

Slide 12

• Today Cola is made from Armenian insects

Slide 13

Experience No. 3

• Determination of acidity of soft drinks.

Slide 14

Using Coca-Cola in everyday life

1. If you pour Coke into the toilet, it will make it noticeably cleaner.

Slide 15

• Toothpaste contains calcium and antibacterial agents that inhibit the growth of sodium fluoride and bacteria.
• In case of burns, herpes or scratches, you can apply a little toothpaste to the affected area and you will quickly get rid of the problems.
• Toothpaste can kill the smell of garlic or onions.
• Toothpaste can remove stains from clothes.
• Silver jewelry can be whitened well with toothpaste.

Slide 16

Homework

• Prepare a message about chips, lollipops, hot dogs, etc. (optional)

Slide 17

Thank you for the lesson

View all slides

Abstract

Slide No. 2 Purpose of the lesson:

learn to use the knowledge gained in chemistry lessons in your practical activities.

analyze samples of sausage products, samples of household chemicals, and drinks.

Object of study:

sausage samples

food quality

safety of household chemicals

Nutrition is the process of consuming food, as a result of which the body receives chemical energy and substances necessary for life.

Nutrition has physiological, psychological, cultural and environmental significance.

The science of nutrition is nutritionology.

Dietetics is the science of nutrition indicated for various diseases.

Nutrients are substances contained in foods or food substances.

"Mars - Snickers"

"Chupa - chups"

“Kirieshki”, pizza, hot dogs

“Pepsi”, “Cola”, “Fanta”, “Sprite”, colored sweet carbonated drinks.

1.Pour some soap powder into a glass and add a little water to lightly cover the soap .

2. Wet the phenolphthalein paper and touch the skin of your hand with it.

Conclude how detergent would you recommend using it and why?

Boiled sausage:

30% - poultry meat.

25% - emulsion

25% - soy protein.

10% is just meat.

8% - flour/starch.

2% - flavoring additives.

Explanations:

1. Apply a few drops of an alcohol solution of iodine to a fresh cut of sausage using a cotton swab

2.Note the color change and compare with the tabular data.

Conclude which meat products you would recommend eating and why?

Slide No. 12

1.Put 2-3 pieces of chalk in 2 cups (a “dummy” of our teeth).

2.Pour some mineral water into the first glass, and Coca-Cola into the second.

3. Observe the progress of the reaction in each of the cups.

Draw a conclusion about the effect of soft drinks on the human body.

(Kuryshkin D) Interesting facts about teeth.

5. Message

Slide number 15

2. If you dyed your hair and it turned out to be too rich in color, then Cola will help you make it a little lighter.

3. Pour Coca-Cola into your kettle and leave it there all day. It will remove all the scale and the kettle will be like new inside.

4. If you soak old coins in Cola, it will make them more shiny.

5. Coca-Cola is a good hair conditioner. Pour it onto your hair, rinse and dry

Summarizing.

Reflection (filled out at the end of the lesson)

Chemistry lesson in 9th grade "Substances in your life"

“If the father of a disease is not always known, then its mother is always food.” Hippocrates

Slide No. 2 Purpose of the lesson:

learn to use the knowledge gained in chemistry lessons in your practical activities.

analyze samples of sausage products, samples of household chemicals, and drinks.

Object of study:

sausage samples

SMS, liquid and solid soaps, shampoos and gels

Pepsi, Fanta, Cola, mineral water, sparkling water.

Subject of study: chemical analysis proposed samples.

Equipment and reagents: beaker, Petri dishes, phenolphthalein paper, phenolphthalein solution, cotton swabs, iodine solution, pieces of chalk.

Slide No. 3 The main problems that modern people face:

food quality

safety of household chemicals

Slide No. 4 Why do people eat food? What do we know about food and nutrition?

Nutrition is the process of consuming food, as a result of which the body receives chemical energy and substances necessary for life.

Nutrition has physiological, psychological, cultural and environmental significance.

The science of nutrition is nutritionology.

Dietetics is the science of nutrition indicated for various diseases.

Nutrients are substances contained in foods or food substances.

Slide No. 5 Deficiency of healthy nutrition

"Mars - Snickers"

"Chupa - chups"

“Kirieshki”, pizza, hot dogs

“Pepsi”, “Cola”, “Fanta”, “Sprite”, colored sweet carbonated drinks.

The work is carried out according to the card - instructions. (Appendix No. 1)

Slide No. 6 1. Student’s message (Berezina L) Historical reference. At first, people washed with plain water. Sometimes oils and abrasives such as wet sand and wet clay were used. The oldest known detergent for washing wool is stale (rotting) urine. Soap appeared in ancient times as a result of boiling animal fat with water and wood ash. Other detergents are ox bile.

Synthetic detergents were not always available. First came soap, it was invented back in Ancient Greece. Soap was made by heating the internal fat of animals with a solution of ash (lye). According to the composition, such soaps, when washed in hard water, formed insoluble calcium salts, which became clogged in the fibers of the fabric, making it hard (washed). Washing powders were invented at the end of the 9th century, and since the mid-30s of the last century they have become firmly established in our lives. Washing powders do not have the disadvantages that soap had.

Slide No. 7 Experiment No. 1 Determining the nature of the detergent environment and identifying a product that has less adverse effects on the skin.

1.Pour some soap powder into a glass and add a little water to lightly cover the soap . Using a glass rod, stir until the soap dissolves.

2. Wet the phenolphthalein paper and touch the skin of your hand with it.

3.Carefully lower this paper into a glass with soap solution.

4. You can do similar actions with solutions: a) liquid soap; b) shampoo.

Add a few drops of UI to the test solution.

Slide No. 8 Filling the results into the table

Conclude which detergent you would recommend using and why?

Slide No. 9 2. Student’s message (Shtepa Zh) What is sausage actually made from?

Boiled sausage:

30% - poultry meat.

25% - emulsion

25% - soy protein.

10% is just meat.

8% - flour/starch.

2% - flavoring additives.

Explanations:

Emulsion - leather, by-products, meat production waste - all this is ground and boiled to a light gray pulp.

Flavoring additives - thickeners, coloring, “meat flavor”, preservatives.

The most common way to replace meat in sausage is to add soy protein instead. You mix it with water, and it turns into porridge, which can be salted, peppered, colored and added to sausage instead of meat.

The main property of soy protein is to absorb water, swell and increase yield.

Some companies use an additive - carrot fiber. This fiber, like soybeans, has the ability to absorb moisture, which is beneficial for sausage producers. It is boldly poured into minced sausage, water is poured in and it swells, increasing the weight of the final product several times.

Slide number 10. Some tips for choosing sausages

Slide No. 11 Experiment No. 2 Determining the presence of impurities in meat products using the example of sausages.

1. Apply a few drops of an alcohol solution of iodine to a fresh cut of sausage using a cotton swab

2.Note the color change and compare with the tabular data.

Filling out the results in the “Sausage Research” table

Conclude which meat products you would recommend eating and why?

Slide No. 12 3. student’s messages (Pimenova A) Interesting facts about Coca Cola.

Coca-Cola was invented by pharmacist John Pemerton in 1886. John considered the drink a medicinal drink and thought it would help with stomach pain. This all makes sense since the leaves of the coca bush, which was originally one of the ingredients in Coca-Cola, contain cocaine (0.1% to 0.9%). Today Coca-Cola is produced without the use of cocaine. Interestingly, Coca Cola still imports approximately 100 tons of coca leaves every year from a Peruvian firm called National Coca Co. To import cocaine leaves into the United States, you need permission from the US Drug Enforcement Administration. It takes 2 liters of water to produce one liter of Coca-Cola. What are the ingredients of Coca-Cola? The Coca Cola label reads: sparkling water, cane sugar, caramel color, food grade acid (phosphoric acid 338), "flavor" and caffeine. However, there is also a secret ingredient in Coca-Cola called "Item 7X", and a description of this ingredient is stored in a security vault at a bank in Atlanta, Georgia. Only a limited number of high-ranking officials know what is included in this secret ingredient. The question arises: what are we really drinking? What we know today is that Coca-Cola is a very sour drink with high amounts of sugar, which masks the acidic taste. The acid in Coca-Cola is called phosphoric acid, which is known to destroy organic matter. In fact, Coca-Cola makes the body prone to many diseases, such as: osteoporosis (lack of calcium due to high phosphorus levels), cancer, mild depression, dental problems, and fatigue.

Slide No. 13 Experiment No. 3 Determination of the acidity of soft drinks.

Drinks can be any of the student's choice.

1.Put 2-3 pieces of chalk in 2 cups (a “dummy” of our teeth).

2.Pour some mineral water into the first glass, and Coca-Cola into the second.

3. Observe the progress of the reaction in each of the cups.

Draw a conclusion about the effect of soft drinks on the human body.

Slide No. 14 4. Student message (Kuryshkin D) Interesting facts about teeth.

Tooth enamel is the only and hardest tissue in the human body that does not regenerate.

Largest number of teeth: There have been several cases of teeth appearing for the 3rd time. In France, in 1896, a case became known when teeth grew for the 4th time; Albert Hellwig wrote in 1680 about a man with 3 rows of teeth.

Very First Teeth: There are many reports of children being born with teeth. Prince Louis Dieudonné. Louis XIV, who later became the French king, was born with two teeth.

Most expensive tooth: In 1816, the tooth of the famous scientist Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727) was sold in London for 730 pounds sterling. The buyer was a nobleman who inserted the tooth into a ring that he wore without taking it off.

The very first artificial teeth: During excavations of Etruscan burials, archaeologists found parts of dental bridges that were used in 700 BC. e. in what is now Tuscany, Italy. Some of them were permanent, others were removable.

5. Message (Khmelev V) History of toothpaste

Since time immemorial, ancient people had to resort to various improvised means to remove food debris from their teeth. People didn’t brush their teeth with anything before the advent of toothpaste and brushes. For oral hygiene they used ash, powdered stones, crushed glass, wool soaked in honey, charcoal, gypsum, plant roots, resin, cocoa grains, salt and many other exotic-looking modern man Components.

The first toothpaste recipes date back to 1500 BC. The famous healer Hippocrates (460-377 BC) made the first description of dental diseases and recommended the use of toothpastes. In the second millennium BC. e. already used tooth powder made from pumice with the addition of natural acids - wine vinegar or tartaric acid.

Particular attention was paid to such aspects as fresh breath, to maintain which it was recommended to consume goat's milk. But the effectiveness of some of the recommendations for dental care, such as rubbing the ashes of burnt animal parts (mice, rabbits, wolves, bulls and goats) into the gums, rinsing teeth with turtle blood three times a year, wearing a wolf bone necklace as a dental talisman pain, would raise great doubts today

Slide number 15 Using Coca-Cola in everyday life

1. If you burnt a pan, then pouring Cola into it and bringing it to a boil, you can get the original state of the pan.

2. If you dyed your hair and it turned out to be too rich in color, then Cola will help you make it a little lighter.

3. Pour Coca-Cola into your kettle and leave it there all day. It will remove all the scale and the kettle will be like new inside.

4. If you soak old coins in Cola, it will make them more shiny.

5. Coca-Cola is a good hair conditioner. Pour it onto your hair, rinse and dry

6. If you pour Coke into the toilet, it will make it noticeably cleaner.

7. If you cannot unscrew the bolt because it is rusty, then try this: take a rag. Dip it in Coca-Cola and wrap it around the bolt. Leave it all for a few hours. After this it will be much easier for you to unscrew this bolt.

8. Clean your jewelry. Just place them in a glass of Coke and then lightly brush over it. Just don't do this if you have any stones on your jewelry. This is very harmful for them!

Summarizing.

Slide No. 16 D\W prepare a message about chips, hot dogs, lollipops, etc.

Chemistry lesson notes

2 course on the topic

"Chemistry and everyday human life"

Target:

Create meaningful and organizational conditions for independent application of a complex of knowledge and methods of activity using the example of chemicals that surround a person in everyday life; organize student activities to generalize knowledge and methods of activity.

Tasks:

– generalization of students' knowledge about practical significance chemicals in human daily life;

– development of cognitive interest in the subject, development of skills to apply knowledge acquired in lessons in practice;

– the formation of communicative competencies - the ability to work in a team, group, express and defend one’s own point of view;

– Creation comfortable conditions taking into account the individual mental characteristics of students and the individual pace of work, organization independent work students from reference material and others information resources, formation of healthy lifestyle skills.

During the classes .

1 . Organizing time, setting a lesson goal

Our lesson today is devoted to the topic “Chemistry and everyday human life.” In any industry human activity, therefore, in any professional activity associated with the material world, we inevitably come into contact with substances and use their properties and interactions with each other. Chemistry, having enormous potential, creates unprecedented materials, increases soil fertility, facilitates a person’s work, saves his time, clothes him, preserves his health, creates coziness and comfort for him, and changes the appearance of people. People's use of achievements modern chemistry requires a high general culture, great responsibility and, of course, knowledge. It is for this purpose that we are conducting this lesson, and I hope it will be interesting and useful also for those who consider chemistry a boring, useless school subject, far from everyday life ordinary person

As M.V. said Lomonosov “Chemistry stretches its hands wide into human affairs.” And indeed it is. It is impossible to embrace the immensity, so we will divide the identified problem into several topics,

Early in the morning we get up and go to wash and put ourselves in order, so the first topic is"Hygiene and cosmetics"

Then we run to the kitchen for breakfast, the second topic is “Chemistry and Food.”

And of course, no one will argue what exactly is in"Home first aid kit"there is the quintessence of what even grandmothers call the word “Chemistry”.

And in today's lesson we will discuss only these three topics. In addition, a sacred date for us is approaching - the 65th anniversary of the Great Victory. This Victory was very difficult for our people. The price of Victory is many millions human lives, this is pain, this is suffering, this is a great feat not only of the soldiers, but also of those who remained in the rear. Chemistry also made its contribution to the universal cause of Victory. Today we will not talk about metal smelting, making gunpowder, etc. – this is already obvious. But how and what substances helped to live and survive in those difficult years - on this topic you will be offered Additional tasks. Depending on how hard we work today, you will do them in class or you will do them at home.

So, let's begin.

2. The main stage is the presentation of information projects.

You came to class not only with a baggage of theoretical knowledge acquired over four years in our lessons, some of you prepared information projects specifically for these topics, so you have the first word.

1 project “Hygiene and cosmetics”

After each project, tasks are announced, they are also presented on a slide, and on printouts for each.

Task No. 1 -During the Great Patriotic War and in the first post-war years, when there was a shortage of soap, many washed their hair with the strained infusion wood ash. How can we explain the use of ash for these purposes? Write the equations for the corresponding reactions.

2 project “Chemistry and food”

Fortunately, it is difficult for those living today to imagine what the war was like. But even in those difficult times, life did not stop.

From the memoirs of Irina Ivanovna Korshunova, an excellent student of education in the USSR and the RSFSR, a resident of besieged Leningrad: “I often dream at night of 125 grams of besieged bread with fire and blood in half. This piece was worth its weight in gold for us, white-white - it was baked from bran and paper. Bread still remains sacred to me."

Task No. 2 – Calculate what proportion of the daily energy requirement for an adult (average norm of 3000 calories) was a blockade ration of bread weighing 125 g, if its energy value is 200 calories per 100 g.

Project 3 - “Home First Aid Kit”

During the Second World War, many chemists created medications necessary to treat the wounded. Thus, the polymer of vinyl butyl alcohol obtained by M. F. Shostakovsky - a thick viscous liquid - turned out to be good remedy to heal wounds, it was used in hospitals under the name "Shostakovsky's balm." Academician A.V. Palladium synthesized means to stop bleeding. Scientists at Moscow University synthesized the enzyme trombone, a drug for blood clotting. In the USSR, the first penicillin was obtained by Z.V. Ermolyeva in 1942. The development of methods for the biological synthesis of penicillin on a mass scale, its isolation and purification, elucidation of its chemical nature, and the manufacture of drugs created the conditions for the medical use of antibiotics. During the war, penicillin was used to treat complicated infected wounds and saved the lives of many Soviet soldiers.

Task No. 3 - During the Great Patriotic War, a solution of 0.018 g of penicillin (C) was used to treat the wounded 16 N 18 N 2 O 4 S) in 1 liter of glucose solution (density 1 g/ml). Calculate the molar concentration (C, in moles per liter) of this solution.

3. Summarizing

Our conversation has come to an end. In the next lessons we will continue to discuss questions about the importance of chemistry in modern world, well, now, as a reflection of today’s lesson, I will ask you to discuss the following problematic issue“Does the science of Chemistry bring more benefit to humans than harm?” You have two fields on your worksheets - “Arguments for” and “Arguments against”. Provide at least three arguments in each field. You can discuss this in pairs and then talk together.

Work in pairs, individual - at the choice of students.

General discussion - express your opinion All students

What is more weighty - “Arguments for” or “Arguments against”?

Statements on the board:

True science knows neither likes nor dislikes: its only goal is truth. (Grove William)

The material successes that humanity owes to science are even the least of the benefits that are the result of its activity: it lays down legal rights to an incomparably more extensive area, to the moral and social area. (Berthelot Pierre Eugene Marcelien)

So, I think that today each of you is convinced that chemistry as a science, as well as substances, their interactions, and the phenomena accompanying these interactions, not only benefit humans, but are an integral part of everyday life.