Ticks, a group of arthropods of the arachnid class. Length 0.05 mm 3 cm. About 20 thousand species are known, widespread. Most live on land, some are aquatic. Pests of plants and agricultural products, parasites of animals and humans, carriers of pathogens of infectious diseases (encephalitis, fevers, typhus, tularemia, plague). Ixodid tick Soil mites
In 80% of cases, the virus enters the human body through direct suction of an infected tick to the skin. Infection through the gastrointestinal tract is also possible, including through contamination of hands while removing a tick, on the surface of which there may be a virus, as well as from consuming raw goat milk.
Ticks are usually located along paths along which animals pass. They lie in wait for their prey, sitting on the branches of bushes, tall dry grasses and trees at a height of 25 cm to 1 m. Once on the human body, the tick attaches itself to the skin of the scalp, ears, neck, collarbones, and armpits , on the chest, arms, back, lower back, groin.
If the tick has burrowed deeply and cannot be removed, you need to lubricate the tick's body with Vaseline, vegetable or machine oil, and nail polish. After a few minutes, repeat attempts to remove the tick.
It is necessary to go to the hospital if: a) the head of the tick was torn off when trying to remove it, and it remained in the wound; b) the bite site is very swollen and red; c) symptoms of a general illness appeared (fever, headaches, photophobia, difficulty moving the eyes and neck) 5-25 days after the bite.
- a drop of any oil (vegetable, machine) must be applied to the bite site to block the air supply;
- After the tick wrinkles, it must be grabbed with tweezers and removed with smooth circular unwinding movements. If you don't have tweezers, you can use regular thread:
- it is necessary to thread a thread between the body of the tick and the skin;
- stretch the thread to the sides;
- Using light circular movements, pull out the tick. The extracted tick should not be crushed with nails and especially with fingers! If the embedded tick is infected, this is the surest way to become infected with encephalitis. Under no circumstances should you cut a tick with a knife, because... then you will use it to cut bread and possibly other foods. The bite site must be lubricated with brilliant green, iodine or alcohol as quickly as possible. Under no circumstances should you burn or cut the skin. It is imperative to consult a doctor after providing first aid to someone bitten by a tick. If you pull out a tick, still consult a doctor and take the tick with you!
TICK JAWS
Remember, after visiting the forest, a thorough examination of the entire body is necessary!!! Timely help from a doctor will save you from diseases caused by a tick bite. Thank you for your attention! Resources used- Pictures and photographs through the Yandex search network.
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Ixodid ticks
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The genus Ixodes includes the main carriers of tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis - the taiga tick and the dog tick. (People call them encephalitis ticks). People in the temperate zone of Eurasia are most often bitten by these ticks. The taiga tick is common in Siberia, the dog tick in Europe. A typical biotope for taiga ticks is, first of all, damp, dark forest areas. In the eastern regions of the European part of Russia, both types of ticks are found.
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Argasid mites
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The family Argasidae includes argas or soft ticks. There are no shields on their body. The head of these mites is located on the inside of the body, so if you look at the mite from above, it is not visible. Soft mites are less numerous than hard ones. The most famous of them is Otobius megnini or ear mite. It usually sticks to the animal's ear.
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Anatomical structure of ticks
- Ticks that have not reached sexual maturity have 3 pairs of legs, while adult ticks have 4 pairs. There are no wings. Ticks have a sensory apparatus called Haller's organ. With its help, ticks sense odors, temperature, and humidity.
- What do ticks eat? The diet of ticks consists only of blood - human, dog, cat and much more. They need blood to successfully develop at each stage of their life cycle.
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What is the life cycle of ticks?
- Most ticks feed on the blood of three different hosts over the course of 2 years of life. All ticks go through 4 stages of their life cycle: egg, larva, nymph and adult.
- Consider, for example, the life cycle of the black-legged tick (Ixodesscapularis).
- In the spring, adult female black-legged ticks lay eggs on the ground. Each female tick lays approximately 3,000 eggs.
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Life cycle
- In late summer, larvae hatch from the eggs. The larvae, which are smaller than the period at the end of this sentence, find an animal (the first host, usually a bird or rodent), feed on its blood for several days, then fall off and fall back to the ground. For black-legged ticks this usually occurs in August. In the ground, a well-fed larva moves into the next stage, which is called a nymph.
- In spring, nymphs become active and look for a second host - a rodent, pet or human - to suck on blood. After this, she falls to the ground, then molts and turns into an adult.
What is a mite? Ticks (Acarina), an order of small arachnids, uniting approx. 20 thousand species. The body is whole or divided into 2 parts that do not correspond to the cephalothorax and abdomen of spiders - the border runs somewhat closer to the front of the body. There are usually 6 pairs of appendages, of which the 4 posterior pairs in most adults are legs (larvae are usually six-legged). The leg segments are the coxa, trochanter, femur, knee, tibia and tarsus. The tarsus (end segment) is usually armed with claws and stalk-shaped suckers. The most anterior pair of appendages are the chelicerae; they are claw-like (gnawing) or form piercing-cutting mouth structures. The second pair are pedipalps, also included in the complex of oral organs. In the most primitive mites they are free, but in a typical case they are fused at the bases and, together with the chelicerae and some other parts of the body, form a “head”, movably attached to the body. The free ends of the pedipalps serve as palps or grasping devices. Usually there are 4 simple eyes. Representatives of some families have a soft body, with leathery chitinous covers, while in others it is protected by hard shields or a shell. Ticks (Acarina), an order of small arachnids, uniting approx. 20 thousand species. The body is whole or divided into 2 parts that do not correspond to the cephalothorax and abdomen of spiders - the border runs somewhat closer to the front of the body. There are usually 6 pairs of appendages, of which the 4 posterior pairs in most adults are legs (larvae are usually six-legged). The leg segments are the coxa, trochanter, femur, knee, tibia and tarsus. The tarsus (end segment) is usually armed with claws and stalk-shaped suckers. The most anterior pair of appendages are the chelicerae; they are claw-like (gnawing) or form piercing-cutting mouth structures. The second pair are pedipalps, also included in the complex of oral organs. In the most primitive mites they are free, but in a typical case they are fused at the bases and, together with the chelicerae and some other parts of the body, form a “head”, movably attached to the body. The free ends of the pedipalps serve as palps or grasping devices. Usually there are 4 simple eyes. Representatives of some families have a soft body, with leathery chitinous covers, while in others it is protected by hard shields or a shell.
Disease carriers Ixodid ticks themselves are to one degree or another covered with hard chitinous scutes. They lie in wait for their host in nature and, having attached themselves to him, suck blood for several days, or even weeks. Members of the genera Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus and Dermacentor can cause a condition called tick paralysis in humans and other animals; its specific cause is unknown. Species of this family carry many dangerous diseases. In humans, these include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, tick-borne typhus, tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia; in cattle – Texas fever (pyroplasmosis) and anaplasmosis; in horses – encephalomyelitis and encephalitis. Ixodid ticks themselves are more or less covered with hard chitinous scutes. They lie in wait for their host in nature and, having attached themselves to him, suck blood for several days, or even weeks. Members of the genera Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus and Dermacentor can cause a condition called tick paralysis in humans and other animals; its specific cause is unknown. Species of this family carry many dangerous diseases. In humans, these include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, tick-borne typhus, tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia; in cattle – Texas fever (pyroplasmosis) and anaplasmosis; in horses – encephalomyelitis and encephalitis.
How to get rid of a tick How to get rid of a tick There are a lot of folk remedies on how to get rid of a bloodsucker, but practically none of them help. For example, pouring sunflower oil on a tick (it should slide and come out on its own) can be said with absolute certainty that such an action is absolutely powerless. There are a lot of folk remedies on how to get rid of a bloodsucker, but practically none of them help. For example, pouring sunflower oil on a tick (it should slide and come out on its own) can be said with absolute certainty that such an action is absolutely powerless.
How to get rid of a tick How to get rid of a tick The second method is to sharply pull the insect out of the victim's body. It can help, but in most cases the head remains inside and continues to function for a long time, so it’s better not to risk it. The second method is to sharply pull the insect out of the victim’s body. It may help, but in most cases the head remains inside and continues to function for a long time, so it’s better not to risk it
How to get rid of a tick How to get rid of a tick The third method, I don’t know who came up with it, but it’s very funny. So, for example, alcohol is poured onto the affected area and onto the tick itself; to help, it won’t help at all, but it will make you happy. The fact is that ticks actually get drunk. The third method, I don’t know who came up with it, but it’s very funny. So, for example, alcohol is poured onto the affected area and onto the tick itself; to help, it won’t help at all, but it will make you happy. The fact is that ticks really get drunk
How to get rid of a tick How to get rid of a tick A strong thread is tied into a knot as close to the tick's proboscis as possible, and the tick is removed by pulling it up. Sudden movements are not allowed. A strong thread is tied into a knot as close to the tick’s proboscis as possible, and the tick is removed by pulling it up. Sudden movements are not allowed.
Removing a tick Removing a tick Removing a tick must be done with caution, without squeezing its body with your hands, since this may squeeze the contents of the tick along with pathogens into the wound. It is important not to tear the tick when removing it - the remaining part in the skin can cause inflammation and suppuration. Removing a tick must be done with caution, without squeezing its body with your hands, since this may squeeze the contents of the tick along with pathogens into the wound. It is important not to tear the tick when removing it - the remaining part in the skin can cause inflammation and suppuration.
Actions after removal Actions after removal After removing the tick, place it in a small glass bottle with a tight lid and place a cotton swab lightly moistened with water. Cap the bottle and store it in the refrigerator. For microscopic diagnosis, the tick must be delivered to the laboratory alive. Even individual tick fragments are suitable for PCR diagnostics. After removing the tick, place it in a small glass bottle with a tight lid and place a cotton swab lightly moistened with water. Cap the bottle and store it in the refrigerator. For microscopic diagnosis, the tick must be delivered to the laboratory alive. Even individual tick fragments are suitable for PCR diagnostics.
Prevention from tick bites Wear light-colored clothing (it makes ticks easier to see) with long sleeves and a hood, tuck your pants into your socks. If there is no hood, wear a hat. Use repellents. Every 15 minutes, inspect your clothes, and periodically conduct a thorough check, paying special attention to the following parts of the body: neck, armpits, groin area, ears - in these places the skin is especially delicate and thin and the tick is most often attached there. Wear light-colored clothing (it makes ticks easier to see), with long sleeves and a hood, and tuck your pants into your socks. If there is no hood, wear a hat. Use repellents. Every 15 minutes, inspect your clothes, and periodically conduct a thorough check, paying special attention to the following parts of the body: neck, armpits, groin area, ears - in these places the skin is especially delicate and thin and the tick is most often attached there. Repellents
Tick habitats Ticks are moisture-loving, and therefore their numbers are greatest in well-moistened places. Ticks prefer moderately shaded and moist deciduous and mixed forests with dense grass and undergrowth. There are many ticks along the bottom of ravines and forest ravines, as well as along forest edges, in thickets of willow trees along the banks of forest streams. In addition, they are abundant along forest edges and along forest paths overgrown with grass. Ticks are moisture-loving, and therefore their numbers are greatest in well-moistened places. Ticks prefer moderately shaded and moist deciduous and mixed forests with dense grass and undergrowth. There are many ticks along the bottom of ravines and forest ravines, as well as along forest edges, in thickets of willow trees along the banks of forest streams. In addition, they are abundant along forest edges and along forest paths overgrown with grass.
There are many of them at the bottom of ravines and forest ravines, as well as along forest edges, in thickets of willow trees along the banks of forest streams. In addition, they are abundant along forest edges and along forest paths and paths overgrown with grass, in a word, where you can most often meet large forest animals. There are many of them along the bottom of ravines and forest ravines, as well as along forest edges, in thickets of willows along the banks of forest streams. In addition, they are abundant along forest edges and along forest paths and paths overgrown with grass, in a word, where large forest animals can most often be found
You need to know this. With the help of hooks that are located at the very end of the front legs, the tick clings to everything that touches it. Ixodid ticks (European forest tick and taiga tick) never pounce and never fall (do not plan) on the victim from above from trees or tall bushes: ticks simply cling to their victim, who passes by and touches the blade of grass (stick) on which it sits mite. With the help of hooks that are located at the very end of the front legs, the tick clings to everything that touches it. Ixodid ticks (European forest tick and taiga tick) never pounce and never fall (do not plan) on the victim from above from trees or tall bushes: ticks simply cling to their victim, who passes by and touches the blade of grass (stick) on which it sits mite.
Tick vaccination Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis begins in the fall. The second vaccination is given in March or April (two weeks before ticks begin to become active). Then you need to be vaccinated every year, and then every three years. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis begins in the fall. The second vaccination is given in March or April (two weeks before ticks begin to become active). Then you need to be vaccinated every year, and then every three years. Children are vaccinated using funds from the regional Vaccine Prevention program. The adult population living in endemic areas for tick-borne encephalitis receive vaccinations at the expense of funds allocated by local administrations and employers. The rest of the residents must be vaccinated at their own expense. Children are vaccinated at the expense of the regional Vaccine Prevention program. The adult population living in endemic areas for tick-borne encephalitis receive vaccinations at the expense of funds allocated by local administrations and employers. Other residents must be vaccinated at their own expense.
This presentation contains a variety of information on the topic, adapted for primary school students. The material can be used both in life safety lessons and in lessons on the surrounding world and thematic class hours
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Where do they live? Most often, ticks bite a person in the forest - where they live. A tick can crawl on you from the grass or bushes, but not jump from a tree, since ticks cannot jump. They usually do not rise higher than 1.5 m above the ground. The legs of insects are very tenacious, and the arachnids themselves are very small, so you won’t even feel that someone is crawling over your body. They love places where cattle graze, various clearings and remote places. In hot weather or rain, ticks hide and do not attack. Ticks are most dangerous in May–June, and by autumn this danger practically disappears. Ticks are most active in the morning and evening; they love shaded, damp places. They usually do not appear in bright places.
Be careful, ticks! The tick attacks various animals and humans. Having landed on the victim’s legs, the tick crawls upward to find a place convenient for suction.
Important! When walking in dangerous areas (parks, forests, fields): 1. Wear a hat, 2. Clothes should fit close to the body, tuck pants into shoes. It is better that the clothes are light and plain, as ticks are more noticeable on them; 3. Inspect clothing every 10 minutes; 3. Do not sit or lie down on the grass.
Be careful, ticks! Unlike mosquitoes, which immediately fly away after sucking blood, ticks stick for three to four days. From drinking blood, the ticks swell greatly, increasing in size three to four times, and only then fall off.
Phone 03. -Seek help from your adult relatives (they won’t scold you!) Children! Do not try to remove the tick yourself, as you may tear it and part of the tick will remain in the body. Even part of a tick can cause disease. What to do if bitten by a tick?
Do not pull the tick under any circumstances - it has already grabbed your flesh with its front legs, and if you pull hard, you will tear off its head, and it, along with the sting, will remain in the skin. Then you will have to pick out the head with a needle, previously heated in the flame of a lighter, like a splinter.
Be careful, ticks! If the tick is not removed in the hospital!!! Place the tick in the jar and close the lid. Take it to your local SES laboratory to find out whether the tick is infected with encephalitis or not. For an accurate and quick examination, the tick must be delivered alive! Encephalitis is the most dangerous tick-borne disease. If you are lucky, you will get away with a fright, but if not, paralysis of both arms, complete blindness or deafness is possible. Keep in mind that these consequences are irreversible, unless, of course, some universal treatment method is invented in the near future. But he's not there yet. In some cases, encephalitis leads to death.
Signs of tick-borne encephalitis If after a bite you have: A red spot has formed at the site of the wound from the bite The temperature has increased Aches in the muscles and joints have appeared You have become afraid of light A rash has appeared on the body Consult a doctor immediately!
Don't be afraid of vaccinations! People living in rural areas need to be vaccinated against the most common disease spread by ticks - encephalitis. Vaccination is the most effective means of protection. It is done in February - March so that the body acquires immunity.
Other tick-borne infections There are other infections that are transmitted by ticks: Lyme disease (borreliosis) The worst thing is that there are no vaccinations against borreliosis. Tick-borne typhus Ehrlichiosis Hemorrhagic fevers The infection is transmitted to a person directly during a bite, along with saliva injected into the body. Of course, there are also so-called “clean” ticks, whose saliva does not contain any infections, but there is no guarantee that the tick that bit you is not a carrier of the disease.
Remember! The most important thing is to try to prevent ticks from being sucked on. It is important to remember that the tick sticks tightly 1-1.5 hours after it hits the body. When walking through the forest, do not tear off branches or deliberately pull them away. With this action you shake off the largest number of ticks on yourself and on the person passing behind. After a walk, be sure to carefully examine yourself, because a tick bite, especially a male one, may not be felt or may be confused with a mosquito.
Follow the safety rules, and then your vacation will be safe and will give you only a good mood! ,
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