Nature of the Arctic Islands Podkolzina V.A. Geography teacher of MOAU "Secondary School No. 85" Orenburg Goals:
- consider the features of nature and the interconnection of natural components in the natural zone of the Arctic; begin to form an idea about the possibilities of economic use of the natural area and related environmental problems.
- Continue to develop your ability to work with a map.
- nurturing environmental culture in students, instilling respect for the environment.
polar poppy
Saxifrage
Wrangel Island - the northernmost reserve of the Arctic Kolguev Island Severnaya Zemlya Economic activities: 1. Fishing; 2. Shipping; 3. Mining; D/Z: § 37
The Arctic is the entire vast expanse of the Arctic Ocean, along with its seas and islands. The area of the Arctic zone is 18% of the territory of the Russian Federation, million sq. km.
The Arctic is a land of never-setting sun in summer and lingering winter nights illuminated by auroras; a world of frost, blizzards, drifting ice, vast glaciers and arctic deserts. The Arctic is divided into two zones: the ice zone and the arctic desert zone. The ice zone is the seas of the Arctic Ocean along with the islands. And the zone of Arctic deserts occupies insignificant patches of rocky land, which are briefly freed from under the snow on the islands and on the mainland (it is only a narrow border adjacent to the outskirts of the tundra in the north of Taimyr).
Among the animals in these places, the most abundant are birds. In summer, gulls, guillemots, auks, puffins, and guillemots gather on the rocky shores. Their noisy clusters are called “bird colonies”. Here the birds hatch their chicks. It is interesting that guillemots lay eggs directly on bare rock ledges, auks - in niches, guillemots - in crevices between stones. All these birds are fed by the sea.
Male polar bears roam among the ice all year round. And females, future mothers, lie down in snow dens for the winter. Here, in the dead of winter, they give birth to tiny bear cubs, no larger than kittens. In the den, frosts and winds are not scary for the cubs. The mother feeds her milk and warms her. When the cubs grow up and leave the den with their mother, the mother bear will teach them to catch fish, and then seals. The polar bear is remarkably adapted to Arctic conditions. Thick long hair, wide paws, white fur...
They forage in the water, and rest and raise their young on land or on ice floes. Here they are quite clumsy and therefore often become prey for polar bears. Seals are excellent swimmers: they have an elongated, streamlined body, and their legs have turned into flippers. Seals have a thick layer of fat under their skin that protects them from the cold.
In the vastness of the ocean live huge sea animals - whales, which feed on small crustaceans. One type of whale is the bowhead, or polar, whale. GREENLAND WHALE - (polar whale), a marine mammal of the smooth whale family. Length up to 21 m. Lives in the North. Arctic Ocean, Bering and Okhotsk seas. Endangered. Fishing is prohibited. In the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
Occupations of the population People live on the shores of the islands in harsh conditions. They fish and hunt sea animals. On many islands, even on the ice of the ocean, scientific polar stations have been created, where scientists study the harsh nature of the North: weather, ocean waters, wildlife, ice movement.
MUSKOX (musk ox), artiodactyl animal of the bovid family. Few in number and under protection. These are the largest ungulates living in the Arctic. The weight of males reaches kg. The exceptional indiscriminateness of musk oxen in the choice of food, the ability to easily endure severe frosts and hurricane winds allow them to live on the extreme northern borders of the Arctic land, being content with the sparse vegetation of pastures.
“Arctic Desert” - Due to permafrost, the soil is torn and frost cracks are formed. Polygonal soils with stone polygons are formed. The largest ice sheet covers the Northern Island of Novaya Zemlya. Lichen. Seal. The vegetation here is poor, sparse and poorly developed. Sea hare. Sometimes there are bushy lichens and mosses, but there are no sphagnum mosses or reindeer moss.
“Arctic” - Hunting for rare animals in the Arctic is now prohibited. Arctic. As a result of excessive hunting, polar bears and walruses have become rare. Seagulls. What grows in the Arctic? In winter there is a polar night in the Arctic. On the Arctic islands there is a zone of ARCTIC DESERT, or ICE ZONE. In the seas of the Arctic, people engage in fishing.
“Arctic Deserts” - Mammals - seals (sea hare, ringed seal), walrus, beluga dolphin. 8th grade student Maria Martynova. Arctic desert. But not warm. Sometimes amazingly beautiful auroras appear. Spring and autumn are very short. The annual amount of precipitation is up to 400 mm. The spaces are covered with glaciers, rubble and fragments of stones.
“Arctic Zones” - In winter there is a polar night in the Arctic. In summer there is a polar day in the Arctic, but there is no heat either. On the islands, lichens are found right on the bare rocks. All animals are excellent swimmers. Poppy, moss, algae. The meaning of the Arctic for humans. Speech by botanists. What is the name of the land of eternal ice and snow? Speech by zoologists.
“Plants and animals of the Arctic deserts” - Nerpa. Chistik. Alpine foxtail. Polar poppy. Animals associated with the sea. Dwarf willow. Arctic deserts. Developed by teacher of biology, geography, chemistry Isaeva Lyubov Mikhailovna. Arctic deserts Spitsbergen. Gaga. Buttercup. Reindeer moss. Bird market of Kaira. Saxifrage. Plants of Arctic deserts.
“Arctic Desert Zone” - Soils. Located on the islands of the Arctic Ocean and in the far north of the Taimyr Peninsula. Geographical location. Scarce and rare. Vegetation. Animal world. Soil formation processes are in their infancy. Climatic conditions. The soils are rough-skeletal, made up of rock fragments and dust.
There are 16 presentations in total
MBOU "Botyevskaya secondary school"
Presentation for a lesson on the surrounding world in 4th grade
„ Ice zone. Arctic."
Completed by: Botyeva Elena Vladimirovna
Primary school teacher
Botievo, 2016
Lesson plan:
1. Features of the inanimate nature of the ice zone
2. Plants of the ice zone
3. Animals of the ice zone
4. The Arctic and people
Features of inanimate nature
The Arctic desert zone is located on the shores of the Arctic Ocean. It occupies the islands and the northern part of the Taimyr Peninsula.
New Earth
Franz Josef Land
O. Wrangel
Ice Zone Plants
Only the most resistant and unpretentious plants can tolerate harsh natural conditions: lichens, polar willows, algae.
Seaweed
polar willow
Animals of the ice zone
In summer there are a lot of birds in the Arctic zone: guillemots, puffins, gulls, auks, skuas. They arrange large nesting grounds - “BIRD MARKETS”. They feed on crustaceans and fish. Also in the ice zone live seals, walruses and polar bears. Their main food is fish.
Arctic and man
There are many scientific stations on the islands and in the ice of the Arctic Ocean. In the seas of Arkiki, people engage in fishing and hunting. As a result of excessive hunting, animals such as the polar bear, walrus, and bowhead whale have become rare.
Let's read the text in the textbook on page 163
Bear in a den
Assignment: t page 19 exercise 31
Features of wildlife in Arctic deserts
Plants and lichens
Animals
Polar willows
Conditional designation groups of animals
polar poppy
Seaweed
Skuas
White goose
Polar bear
Test on the topic "Arctic Desert Zone" v. page 20 (Questions are indicated by letters, and answer numbers are indicated by numbers. Mark the selected answers with a cross)
Homework
uch. pp. 66-73. Answer questions.
Messages:
Features of the “Tundra” zone pp. 74-75
Flora of the tundra pp. 75-78
Fauna of the tundra pp. 78-79
Tundra and man pp. 80-83
The lesson is over!
Organizational and motivational
LET'S CHECK YOUR HOMEWORK
Mineral exploration is carried out by:
6. Lake Baskunchak produces:
- Geographers
- Geologists
- Biologists
- Tourists
- Oil
- Table salt
- Limestone
2. The following is mined in open-pit mines:
- Oil
- Natural gas
- Clay
- Granite
3. For oil production they build:
- Mines
- Wells
4. In mines deep underground they extract:
- Limestone
- Fireplace coal
- Clay
5. In the swamps you should look for:
- Clay
- Sand
- Granite
ANSWERS:
Find the topic of the lesson:
POLTZONESVMYA
PREARCCTICMI
PASTERN
Plan for studying the natural area:
- Geographical location
- Natural conditions
- Flora
- Animal world
- Arctic exploration
- Human use
- Reserves
Working on new material.
Children's search and discovery of knowledge
Work in groups:
1 group.
Natural conditions of the Arctic.
b). Weather conditions.
Flora of the Arctic.
A). Plants of the Arctic.
Birds of the Arctic.
V). Bird markets.
Animal world of the Arctic.
V). What do they eat?
Work in groups:
1 group.
Natural conditions of the Arctic.
A). Where is the Arctic zone located?
b). Weather conditions.
V). An unusual phenomenon in the Arctic.
Your information is on pp. 106-107 of the textbook.
Arctic desert zone
Franz Josef Land
O. Wrangel
Severnaya Zemlya
New Siberian Islands
Kingdom of Ice and Snow
The Arctic is huge
Northern space
Arctic Ocean along with
seas and islands. On
arctic islands
zone is located
Arctic deserts, or
ice zone.
Islands:
- Franz Joseph Land,
- Severnaya Zemlya,
- New Siberian Islands,
- Wrangel Island.
Climatic conditions
The sun is pointing at this space
oblique rays. It shines, but does not warm.
Winter in the Arctic polar night .
The darkness is illuminated by the moon, stars and Northern
shine .
Several months of sunshine
It doesn’t show up at all - it’s dark!
The winds are blowing, the snowstorm is raging. Temperature
drops to -60 degrees.
It's a polar day in the Arctic in summer. Some
months it is light all day long. But it's warm
no either. It depends on the geographical
position of the Arctic zone. Temperature
only a few degrees above zero.
Northern lights
Arctic desert zone
Northern lights
Arctic desert zone
What a miracle, miracles:
The skies are on fire!
Oh, the flames are burning
Above the sparkling ice!
Who lit the wonderful fire,
Golden fire from heaven?
There is no one behind the cloud.
This is light pouring from the sky.
NORTHERN LIGHTS
Flora of the Arctic.
A). Plants of the Arctic.
b). Features of the plant world.
V). Are there many or few plants? Why?
Your information is on page 108 of the textbook.
Arctic desert plants
On the islands right
on bare rocks
meet
lichens, they
very small. Also
adapted to
life on the rocks
mosses and polar
poppies In the thickness
water not covered
ice, big
quantity
planktonic
seaweed
seaweed
lichen
moss on the stones
polar poppy
Birds of the Arctic.
A). What birds live in the Arctic?
b). What is bird food?
V). Bird markets.
Your information is on page 110 of the textbook.
On the rocky shores there are bird colonies,
Many seabirds nest here:
hatchets, guillemots, puffins, gulls, eiders.
Animal world of the Arctic.
A). What animals live in the Arctic zone?
b). How do they adapt to life in this zone?
V). What do they eat?
Your information is on page 109 of the textbook
Animals
Arctic
Animals
Arctic
Animals
Animals
The Arctic and man. Environmental problems of the Arctic.
A). Population of the Arctic, their occupation
b). Environmental problems of the Arctic.
V). How is the Arctic nature protected?
Your information is on page 112 of the textbook
Arctic and man
Man is not an indigenous inhabitant of the Arctic, but it has always been
attracted people with its mystery. On the islands and in the ice of the North
scientific stations operate in the Arctic Ocean. Northern
sea route. People watch the weather, study the nature of the North,
engaged in fishing and hunting. But this is not always done wisely.
Currently, the nature of the Arctic has suffered enormous damage. Steel
rare animals such as the polar bear, walrus, they are included in
Red Book of Russia. Some commercial species have become rare
fish The waters of the northern seas are polluted with garbage and harmful substances
mi from passing ships. This has a negative impact on the lives of residents
this zone, because they already live in harsh conditions. People thought
over their behavior, took under protection rare animals, fish
Fishing was limited and nature reserves were created.
Organized
in 1976
Reserve "Wrangel Island" »
The reserve was organized in 1976.
They run across the entire island from west to east.
three chains of mountains in parallel, separated
valleys. A big one flies to the island
number of birds per nesting site. In the spring
on the southern coast you can find rare
bird - pink seagull . She outputs here
your offspring. The island is the only thing
a place in our country where rare birds nest
birds - white geese . In this reserve
the largest in the world aggregations of walruses .
Mother bears come here from different
corners of the Arctic to breed.
The island is home to the largest ungulate
Arctic animal – muskox , brought to
reserve from America. In the distant past
he lived on the territory of our country, but
then disappeared.
Animals of the reserve
White geese
Pink gulls
Ursa
Crowd of walruses
Muskox
Work on
couples
COMPLETE THE STORY ABOUT THE ARCTIC WILDLIFE
Animals of the Arctic zone are fed by.... They feed on seaweed..., and on them -.... The main food and animals are... On the rocky shores they gather...,... and..., here they breed.... Birds with unusual beaks are called.... . All animals are beautiful... Protects them from the cold... This is... and... . They hunt seals... They have long thick fur... colors and... paws to make it more comfortable...
offspring
layer of fat
move on ice and snow
Solve the crossword puzzle
1.These birds gather on rocky
banks, form “bird colonies”.
These birds can be seen near the river
and in our area.
2. A close relative of the seal.
3. Birds laying
eggs on bare rocks.
4. This animal can be prey
polar bear.
5.Plants of the polar zone.
6.The largest inhabitant of the seas
and oceans.
7. Food of fish of the northern seas.
Homework
- Textbook pp. 106-112, answer questions p. 113. Prepare a presentation about the animal or plant you want to talk about in the next lesson.
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