Presentation of fabric made from animal fibers. Presentation on the topic "natural fibers"

Fine wool consists of thin, crimped down fibers that are uniform in thickness and length. Semi-fine wool contains thicker down and transition fibers. Semi-coarse wool includes downy and thicker transitional fibers. Coarse wool contains thick fibers.

Properties of wool fiber Wool fibers range in length from 20 to 450 mm and vary in thickness. The strength of wool fibers depends on their thickness and structure. The color of the coat can be white, gray, red and black. The shine of the coat depends on the size and shape of the scales. Wool fiber has high hygroscopicity and good elasticity and heat protection. Due to their good elasticity, wool products do not wrinkle. Wool's resistance to impact sun rays significantly higher than plant fibers. Reaction to combustion Wool fibers sinter during combustion; when the fibers are removed from the flame, their combustion stops. A black sintered ball forms at the end, which is easily rubbed with your fingers. During the combustion process, the smell of burnt feathers is felt.

Wool fiber is used to make dress, suit and coat fabrics. Due to its feltability, wool can be used to make cloth, drape, felt, felt, and other textile products. Wool fabrics go on sale under the names: gabardine, cashmere, drape, cloth, tights and others.

The secret of making silk was first discovered in China five thousand years ago. Ancient legend says that one day Xi Ling Chi, the wife of the third emperor of China, Huang Di, who was also called the “Yellow Emperor,” was drinking tea in the garden of the palace under the crown of a mulberry tree and a silkworm cocoon fell from the tree into her cup of tea. The young empress and her maids were extremely surprised to see how the cocoon began to unfold in the hot water, releasing a thin silk thread. Having become interested, the girl began to watch how the cocoon unfolded. Xi Ling Chi was so amazed by the beauty and strength of the silk thread that she collected thousands of cocoons and wove clothes for the emperor from them. So the tiny silkworm butterfly gave silk to all of humanity, and the empress, in gratitude for such a valuable gift, was elevated to the rank of deity.

Stages of development silkworm Stage 2 The caterpillar is active from the moment of hatching: it crawls in search of mulberry leaves and, having found them, begins to eat greedily. A caterpillar's life is spent eating. Newly hatched caterpillars gnaw exclusively on the soft parts of the leaf, making small holes. A little later, they eat all the pulp of the leaf, leaving only the veins and turning the leaf into thin lace. Later they eat them too. When a large number of adult caterpillars are busy eating, the rustle of their chewing jaws produces a characteristic noise that can be compared to the sound of rain falling on tree leaves. During the days of its development, the caterpillar eats about 30 g of mulberry leaf, and by the time the cocoon is formed, its length reaches 8-9 cm and weighs 3-5 g. This means that from the moment their egg is released, the caterpillar increases in length by a factor of in weight by 6-10 times. Continuous growth entails periodic molting of the shell. From time to time the shell bursts, separates from the body, and falls off it. The silkworm caterpillar has five molts. Stage 3 10 days after the 4th molt, the caterpillar’s ​​gluttony decreases and it stops gnawing altogether. The caterpillar finds a suitable place on the branch. He stops, settles down there, and quickly moving his head from side to side, begins to stretch numerous sticky threads, frozen into silk in the air, in all directions. The curling of the cocoon begins. The main thing in the design of the cocoon is that it consists of one continuous silk thread, the length of which varies between 300 and 1500 m. The cocoon has an oval shape. Its color can be silver-white or pale pink. After finishing the cocoon, the caterpillar turns into a pupa. Stage 4 At a temperature of 20-25°C, after a day a butterfly emerges from the pupa. The butterfly releases transparent saliva, which softens the threads of the silk wall of the cocoon, inserts its head between the silks, tears them apart with its legs and leaves the cocoon. Stage 1 The silkworm butterfly lays yellow eggs, about 1.5 mm long. It is usually coated with an adhesive substance, as a result of which it adheres firmly to the surface on which it is deposited. The number of eggs in a clutch ranges from 400 to 800, the average clutch contains about five hundred eggs. A small furry caterpillar about 3 mm long emerges from the egg.

Treatment of cocoons before transportation and storage steam treatment to kill the pupae steam treatment to soften the silk glue drying with hot air to remove moisture winding silk threads together from several cocoons The purpose of primary processing of silk is to unwind the cocoon thread

The thickness of the cocoon thread is uneven throughout its entire length. The length of the unwound cocoon thread is m. The strength of silk is slightly higher than the strength of wool. The color of boiled cocoon threads is white, slightly creamy. Natural silk has good hygroscopicity, quickly absorbs moisture and dries quickly. It feels cool to the touch. When exposed to direct sunlight, silk breaks down faster than other natural fibers. Reaction to combustion. Silk fibers sinter during combustion; when the fibers are removed from the flame, their burning stops. A black sintered ball forms at the end, which is easily rubbed with your fingers. During the combustion process, the smell of burnt feathers is felt. Properties of silk fiber

Bring fabric to compile a collection, know what its origin is, what it is called. Select or draw illustrations for the topic: Cotton and linen, wool and silk fabrics. Prepare interesting messages on this topic. Pick up riddles, proverbs, sayings about fabrics. Bring white fabric, colored threads, a needle in a pincushion. Homework by choice

Natural fibers of animal origin.

MBOU "Ziminskaya secondary secondary school – kindergarten» Razdolnensky district, Republic of Crimea, technology teacher of the highest qualification category: Shcherba Irina Vasilievna

Epigraph of our lesson

• “Tell me and I’ll forget. Show me and I will remember. Let me try and I’ll understand.”

Chinese proverb

Section: materials science

• Materials science studies the properties of textile fibers.
• All textile fibers are divided into natural and chemical.

Lesson topic

• Natural fibers of animal origin

• Wool fibers are the hair of various animals: sheep, camels, goats, llamas, etc., but sheep wool is most widely used (95%). Fine wool from merino and angora goats is considered the best. Wool taken from a sheep is called rune . Camel wool is warm and is an excellent insulator that maintains a constant body temperature. Alpaca (llama) wool has all the properties of camel wool. “Kviviut” – musk ox wool is 7-8 times softer and warmer than cashmere.

From the history of wool.

• Until now, no one knows exactly why the ancient fleece was called golden. Perhaps the wool of the ancient Colchis rams really had a golden hue, and perhaps the inhabitants of ancient Colchis mined gold with the help of sheep skins: they spread the skin on the bottom of a stream, and the wool retained the golden grains of sand brought by the water. Of course, it was not yet known that the fleece itself contained gold...
• And recently at the British Nuclear Research Center they decided to determine chemical composition sheep wool. Particularly sensitive instruments detected gold in the fibers. It was found in the protein structure of hair and other animals. Moreover, the gold content of different animals is approximately the same. Unfortunately, none of the scientists has yet been able to answer the question: where does the gold in wool come from and what is it for?

Wool is a natural fiber of animal origin.

Ancient woolen fabrics were discovered during excavations of burial mounds. Having lain for several thousand years underground, some of them were superior in thread strength to modern ones. The bulk of wool is obtained from sheep; merino sheep produce fine wool. Sheep are sheared once or in some cases twice a year. from one sheep they get from 2 to 10 kg. wool From 100 kg. 40–60 kg of raw wool is obtained. clean. Camel wool is used to make outerwear and blankets. In addition to sheep, wool from rabbits, llamas, and bison was used in America; in Asia, camels and goats were used. Before being sent to textile factories, wool is subjected to primary processing: sorted, i.e. fibers are selected according to quality; crush - loosen and remove clogging impurities; washed hot water with soap and soda; dried in tumble dryers. Then the yarn is made, and from it in textile factories it is made into fabric. In the finishing industry, fabrics are dyed in various colors and various designs are applied to the fabrics. Dress, suit, and coat fabrics are made from wool fibers.

The Legend of Silk

• Legend has it that the Chinese Empress Hen-Ling-Chi (2600 BC) was the first to discover this remarkable fiber. She accidentally dropped the cocoon into hot water and saw that silk threads had separated from the softened cocoon. The Empress came up with the idea that the thread with which the caterpillar wraps itself could be unwound and weaved into a cloth. She was amazed by the beauty and strength of the silk thread, collecting thousands of cocoons and weaving fabric from them. The fabric turned out to be wonderfully thin, light, and beautiful. Clothes were sewn for the emperor. So the silkworm butterfly gave silk to the whole world, and the empress was elevated to the rank of deity for her valuable gift. Silk was worth its weight in gold; A bundle of silk fabric was given a double weight of gold. Thus was born the ancient culture of sericulture, based on the vital activity of the silkworm, feeding on the leaves of the white mulberry (mulberry).

The production of silk fabrics has been known since the third millennium BC. in China - the Great Chinese Silk Road.

Silk is a natural fiber of animal origin.

• The raw material for the production of natural silk fabrics is silk fiber - a product of the secretion of the glands of mulberry and oak silkworm caterpillars. The cocoon thread has a length from 500 to 1500 m and a thickness of 10-12 microns. By unwinding several cocoons, raw silk is obtained, from which twisted silk is produced, used for the manufacture of fabrics and silk threads.
• In 121 BC. The first camel caravan was sent with silk and bronze mirrors. The Silk Road is a system of caravan routes that for more than a thousand years connected the cultural centers of the vast continental space between China and the Mediterranean. From the 2nd century AD silk became the main product that Chinese merchants carried to distant countries. Lightweight, compact and therefore especially convenient for transportation, it attracted the attention of buyers along the entire route of caravans, despite its high cost. Silk fabrics gave an unusual feeling of softness, sophistication, beauty and exoticism. They wanted to possess and admire it. The Egyptian queen Cleopatra loved luxurious robes made of this material.

Properties of wool fiber

• Wool fibers are characterized by good heat-shielding properties, high wear resistance, high hygienic properties - hygroscopicity and breathability, and have high dust holding capacity and shrinkage. Wool fibers are resistant to all organic solvents used in dry cleaning of clothing.

• The strength of wool fibers depends on thickness and length (from 20 to 450 mm).
• The color of the coat can be white, gray, red and black.
• The shine of the coat depends on the size and shape of the scales.
• Wool fiber has good elasticity. Wool products do not wrinkle.
• Wool's resistance to sunlight is much higher than that of plant fibers.
• When burning, the wool fibers are sintered; when the fibers are removed from the flame, their burning stops, and a sintered black ball forms at the end of the woolen thread. At the same time, the smell of burnt feathers is felt.

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The structure of wool fiber

• 1 – scaly layer;
• 2 – cortical layer;
• 3 – core.

• 1 - fluff;
• 2 – transitional hair;
• 3 – spine;
• 4 – dead hair.

Properties of silk fiber

• The thickness of the cocoon thread is uneven throughout its entire length.
• The strength of silk is higher than the strength of wool.
• The color of boiled cocoon threads is white and slightly creamy. At temperatures above 110 C, fibers lose strength.
• Natural silk has good hygroscopicity.
• Soft, shiny, beautiful-looking silk products, however, have low wear resistance and high cost.
• It feels cool to the touch.
• When exposed to direct sunlight, silk breaks down faster than other natural fibers.
• During burning, the silk fibers are sintered; when removed from the flame, their burning stops. A black caked ball forms at the end, easily rubbed, and the smell of a burnt feather is felt.

The structure of natural silk fibers

• a – cocoon thread;
• b – boiled silk

Wool

Silk

Application of wool

• Wool is used to produce yarn, fabrics, knitwear, felting products, etc.

Card No. 1. Properties of wool fibers and fabrics made from them.

Length

2 – 45 cm.

Various, the thicker the fiber, the stronger

White, grey, red, black

Properties

Flaws

Good heat-shielding properties, high wear resistance, high hygienic properties - hygroscopicity, breathability. When exposed to heat and moisture, wool fiber acquires the ability to elongate up to 60% or shrink

Dust holding capacity, shrinkage

After combustion, it forms a black lump, rubbed with fingers, the smell of a burnt feather remains

They produce dress, suit and coat fabrics: drape, gabardine, cashmere

Product care

Wash by hand at t30C, with detergents, dried flat, ironed at t150-160C using an ironing iron

Card No. 2. Properties of silk fibers and fabrics made from them

Length

500 – 1500m

Thickness - very thin, like a spider's web, but very strong.

White, creamy.

Properties

Flaws

It has high hygroscopicity and breathability. They are elastic, so the fabrics do not wrinkle easily, are smooth, soft, beautiful, have shine, and drape well.

They stretch, crumble, and have significant shrinkage.

After combustion, it forms a black lump, rubs it with your fingers, and the smell of a burnt feather remains.

Product care

Wash by hand at t30 - 40C, rinse with water and vinegar. Squeeze lightly. Iron at t150 – 160C on the wrong side.

Comparison of wool and natural silk fibers

Wool

Fiber appearance

Natural silk

Rough matte

Type of thread break

Crimped fiber brush

Smooth, shiny

Character of filament burning

Straight fibers

Black ball, burnt feather smell

• Which animals give greatest number of all wool processed in textile mills?
• Sheep provide the bulk of the wool.
• How does the strength of a fabric depend on the thickness of the fiber?
• The thicker the fibers, the stronger the fabric.
• What colors do natural wool fibers come in?
• White, grey, pink and black colors.
• What is the felting property of wool fibers?
• Under the influence of moisture and friction, wool fibers fall off.
• What properties do wool fibers have?
• High hygroscopicity, heat-shielding properties, elasticity.
• What textile materials are made from wool?
• Dresses, costumes, coats, felt, felt.

Questions and tasks for discussion

• What is the purpose of primary processing of silk?
• Treatment of cocoons with hot steam to soften silk glue; unwinding threads from several cocoons at the same time.
• Describe the properties of natural silk?
• They have high hygroscopicity and breathability. They are elastic, so the fabrics do not wrinkle easily, are smooth, soft, beautiful, have shine, and drape well.
• What fabrics are made from natural silk?
• They produce dress and blouse fabrics such as crepe de Chine and chiffon.

Natural fibers of animal origin.

MBOU "Ziminsk secondary school - kindergarten" Razdolnensky district Republic of Crimea technology teacher of the highest qualification category: Shcherba Irina Vasilievna

Epigraph of our lesson

• “Tell me and I’ll forget. Show me and I will remember. Let me try and I’ll understand.”

Chinese proverb

• Materials science studies the properties of textile fibers.
• All textile fibers are divided into natural and chemical.

• Natural fibers of animal origin

• Wool fibers are the hair of various animals: sheep, camels, goats, llamas, etc., but sheep wool is most widely used (95%). Fine wool from merino and angora goats is considered the best. Wool taken from a sheep is called rune . Camel wool is warm and is an excellent insulator that maintains a constant body temperature. Alpaca (llama) wool has all the properties of camel wool. “Kviviut” – musk ox wool is 7-8 times softer and warmer than cashmere.

• Until now, no one knows exactly why the ancient fleece was called golden. Perhaps the wool of the ancient Colchis rams really had a golden hue, and perhaps the inhabitants of ancient Colchis mined gold with the help of sheep skins: they spread the skin on the bottom of a stream, and the wool retained the golden grains of sand brought by the water. Of course, it was not yet known that the fleece itself contained gold...
• And recently, the British Nuclear Research Center decided to determine the chemical composition of sheep wool. Particularly sensitive instruments detected gold in the fibers. It was found in the protein structure of hair and other animals. Moreover, the gold content of different animals is approximately the same. Unfortunately, none of the scientists has yet been able to answer the question: where does the gold in wool come from and what is it for?

Wool is a natural fiber of animal origin.

Ancient woolen fabrics were discovered during excavations of burial mounds. Having lain for several thousand years underground, some of them were superior in thread strength to modern ones. The bulk of wool is obtained from sheep; merino sheep produce fine wool. Sheep are sheared once or in some cases twice a year. from one sheep they get from 2 to 10 kg. wool From 100 kg. 40–60 kg of raw wool is obtained. clean. Camel wool is used to make outerwear and blankets. In addition to sheep, wool from rabbits, llamas, and bison was used in America; in Asia, camels and goats were used. Before being sent to textile factories, wool is subjected to primary processing: sorted, i.e. fibers are selected according to quality; crush - loosen and remove clogging impurities; wash with hot water, soap and soda; dried in tumble dryers. Then the yarn is made, and from it in textile factories it is made into fabric. In the finishing industry, fabrics are dyed in various colors and various designs are applied to the fabrics. Dress, suit, and coat fabrics are made from wool fibers.

The Legend of Silk

• Legend has it that the Chinese Empress Hen-Ling-Chi (2600 BC) was the first to discover this remarkable fiber. She accidentally dropped the cocoon into hot water and saw that silk threads had separated from the softened cocoon. The Empress came up with the idea that the thread with which the caterpillar wraps itself could be unwound and weaved into a cloth. She was amazed by the beauty and strength of the silk thread, collecting thousands of cocoons and weaving fabric from them. The fabric turned out to be wonderfully thin, light, and beautiful. Clothes were sewn for the emperor. So the silkworm butterfly gave silk to the whole world, and the empress was elevated to the rank of deity for her valuable gift. Silk was worth its weight in gold; A bundle of silk fabric was given a double weight of gold. Thus was born the ancient culture of sericulture, based on the vital activity of the silkworm, feeding on the leaves of the white mulberry (mulberry).

The production of silk fabrics has been known since the third millennium BC. in China - the Great Chinese Silk Road.

• The raw material for the production of natural silk fabrics is silk fiber - a product of the secretion of the glands of mulberry and oak silkworm caterpillars. The cocoon thread has a length from 500 to 1500 m and a thickness of 10-12 microns. By unwinding several cocoons, raw silk is obtained, from which twisted silk is produced, used for the manufacture of fabrics and silk threads.
• In 121 BC. The first camel caravan was sent with silk and bronze mirrors. The Silk Road is a system of caravan routes that for more than a thousand years connected the cultural centers of the vast continental space between China and the Mediterranean. From the 2nd century AD silk became the main product that Chinese merchants carried to distant countries. Lightweight, compact and therefore especially convenient for transportation, it attracted the attention of buyers along the entire route of caravans, despite its high cost. Silk fabrics gave an unusual feeling of softness, sophistication, beauty and exoticism. They wanted to possess and admire it. The Egyptian queen Cleopatra loved luxurious robes made of this material.

Properties of wool fiber

• Wool fibers are characterized by good heat-shielding properties, high wear resistance, high hygienic properties - hygroscopicity and breathability, and have high dust holding capacity and shrinkage. Wool fibers are resistant to all organic solvents used in dry cleaning of clothing.

• The strength of wool fibers depends on thickness and length (from 20 to 450 mm).
• The color of the coat can be white, gray, red and black.
• The shine of the coat depends on the size and shape of the scales.
• Wool fiber has good elasticity. Wool products do not wrinkle.
• Wool's resistance to sunlight is much higher than that of plant fibers.
• When burning, the wool fibers are sintered; when the fibers are removed from the flame, their burning stops, and a sintered black ball forms at the end of the woolen thread. At the same time, the smell of burnt feathers is felt.

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

The structure of wool fiber

• 1 – scaly layer;
• 2 – cortical layer;
• 3 – core.

• 1 - fluff;
• 2 – transitional hair;
• 3 – spine;
• 4 – dead hair.

Properties of silk fiber

• The thickness of the cocoon thread is uneven throughout its entire length.
• The strength of silk is higher than the strength of wool.
• The color of boiled cocoon threads is white and slightly creamy. At temperatures above 110 C, fibers lose strength.
• Natural silk has good hygroscopicity.
• Soft, shiny, beautiful-looking silk products, however, have low wear resistance and high cost.
• It feels cool to the touch.
• When exposed to direct sunlight, silk breaks down faster than other natural fibers.
• During burning, the silk fibers are sintered; when removed from the flame, their burning stops. A black caked ball forms at the end, easily rubbed, and the smell of a burnt feather is felt.

• a – cocoon thread;
• b – boiled silk

Wool

Silk

• Wool is used to produce yarn, fabrics, knitwear, felting products, etc.

Card No. 1. Properties of wool fibers and fabrics made from them.

Length

2 – 45 cm.

Various, the thicker the fiber, the stronger

White, grey, red, black

Properties

Flaws

Good heat-shielding properties, high wear resistance, high hygienic properties - hygroscopicity, breathability. When exposed to heat and moisture, wool fiber acquires the ability to elongate up to 60% or shrink

Dust holding capacity, shrinkage

After combustion, it forms a black lump, rubbed with fingers, the smell of a burnt feather remains

They produce dress, suit and coat fabrics: drape, gabardine, cashmere

Product care

Wash by hand at t30C, with detergents, dry flat, iron at t150-160C using an iron

Card No. 2. Properties of silk fibers and fabrics made from them

Length

500 – 1500m

Thickness - very thin, like a spider's web, but very strong.

White, creamy.

Properties

Flaws

It has high hygroscopicity and breathability. They are elastic, so the fabrics do not wrinkle easily, are smooth, soft, beautiful, have shine, and drape well.

They stretch, crumble, and have significant shrinkage.

After combustion, it forms a black lump, rubs it with your fingers, and the smell of a burnt feather remains.

Product care

Wash by hand at t30 - 40C, rinse with water and vinegar. Squeeze lightly. Iron at t150 – 160C on the wrong side.

Comparison of wool and natural silk fibers

Wool

Fiber appearance

Natural silk

Rough matte

Type of thread break

Crimped fiber brush

Smooth, shiny

Character of filament burning

Straight fibers

Black ball, burnt feather smell

• Which animals provide the largest amount of total wool processed in textile factories?
• Sheep provide the bulk of the wool.
• How does the strength of a fabric depend on the thickness of the fiber?
• The thicker the fibers, the stronger the fabric.
• What colors do natural wool fibers come in?
• White, grey, pink and black colors.
• What is the felting property of wool fibers?
• Under the influence of moisture and friction, wool fibers fall off.
• What properties do wool fibers have?
• High hygroscopicity, heat-shielding properties, elasticity.
• What textile materials are made from wool?
• Dresses, costumes, coats, felt, felt.

• What is the purpose of primary processing of silk?
• Treatment of cocoons with hot steam to soften silk glue; unwinding threads from several cocoons at the same time.
• Describe the properties of natural silk?
• They have high hygroscopicity and breathability. They are elastic, so the fabrics do not wrinkle easily, are smooth, soft, beautiful, have shine, and drape well.
• What fabrics are made from natural silk?
• They produce dress and blouse fabrics such as crepe de Chine and chiffon.

Slide 2

COTTON