Professions in physics and mathematics. Physics and mathematics scientist: mathematician, physicist, astronomer

Choosing a profession is a responsible step. It’s good to listen to advice and recommendations, but you shouldn’t rely on them. There is a huge list of professions after 11th grade. Who should I go to study? This is precisely the question that faces young men and women after graduating from high school. Parents often make choices for their children, and this is wrong. If the profession goes against the dreams and desires of the child, then he is unlikely to benefit society in the future, working “under pressure”, and he will have to completely forget about high earnings. This article is to help graduates on how not to make mistakes and choose the right profession.

How to choose a future profession and not make a mistake

A bad choice of profession is getting a higher education just for the sake of a diploma. Employers are interested in real knowledge and skills, and if a specialty is chosen at random and does not bring satisfaction, it means that good work results will not be obtained, and, accordingly, a quick career will be put an end to.

Quick success can only be achieved in your favorite field. You need to choose a profession based on your own interests and desires. Determine the area of ​​knowledge that you like most. If you can’t choose a type of activity on your own, you need to try taking different tests or seek advice from a psychologist.

It is important to consider whether the chosen profession is in demand. There are many specialties in all fields of activity. And if one profession is not suitable, you can always find another, no less interesting. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account where you will study - in your own city or you will have to leave. In this case, it is important to decide in advance on the material side and place of residence.

When choosing a profession, it is necessary to take into account the complexity of study, its duration, demand for this specialty and the level of future salary. However, these are all minor factors. Initially, you need to focus on your own preferences. If algebra and geometry have always been bad at school, then you shouldn’t go to physics and mathematics - the studies will be too difficult and the hard-earned profession you will receive may even cause rejection.

List of professions after 11th grade for boys

In modern times, there are a number of interesting and in-demand professions. You can choose less popular ones, but also more difficult ones. For example, not everyone who wants to go into medicine will be interested in the field of virology. Or take the field of astronautics. It would seem that this is an ideal choice for the younger generation. However, not everyone will be able to fit the physical parameters, and then they will have to work in less interesting positions.

So, we present a list of the most popular and in-demand professions for young men:

1. Marketers are gaining more and more popularity. Their services are needed not only in large enterprises, but also in small firms. Marketers are people with higher economic education who use advertising to promote goods and services. This profession requires creativity, strategic thinking and quick response to any changes in the business. This job is more suitable for young people as they are more confident in their decisions than girls. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that marketers sometimes have to work overtime or in emergency mode. Currently, such a relatively new specialty as Internet marketer is also developing. Nowadays, many educational institutions offer educational programs for training specialists in the field of Internet marketing. For example, Synergy University.
2. An architectural engineer must not only have an excellent knowledge of geometry, but also other exact sciences. The profession is highly paid and prestigious, in demand in all countries. It is not difficult for architects with higher education to find work even immediately after graduating from university.
3. Lawyers are also very popular. Jurisprudence is a fairly broad field, so any graduate can choose the most suitable direction in this field. The legal profession requires from its owner not only deep knowledge, but also activity and attentiveness. Lawyers must know thousands of laws and be able to operate with them. There is a great demand for competent lawyers both in government agencies and in commercial organizations. Over time, you can open your own legal services company.
4. IT specialist is a relatively new specialty, but rapidly developing and very in demand. The work will be of interest to anyone interested in computer technology. The demand for IT specialists has not decreased over the years, and this profession is quite highly paid.
5. Credit expert is a popular profession today. A representative of this specialty must have a higher economic education. Since banks are now offering an increasing number of services under credit programs, a lot of specialists are required. The main task of a credit expert is to assess the risks of issuing loans, correctly completing transactions, etc. A person who decides to choose this profession must have responsibility, organization and be able to make independent decisions. This specialty is highly paid, but also very responsible.
6. Any large company needs a financial analyst. Analysts are required in banking and financial sectors, educational, political and public organizations. The profession is highly paid and even a small organization will not refuse a competent specialist.
7. The profession of a web designer is related to Internet technologies. The demand for specialists is increasing all the time. New approaches and the ability to work with modern graphic resources and styles are required. The profession requires not only knowledge of computer technology, but also creative and innovative ideas.
8. An Internet website promotion specialist (SEO specialist) is a very interesting and highly paid profession. An SEO specialist can work both in a company and as a freelancer, i.e. remotely. The salary level depends on the professionalism of the specialist and his employment.
9. The profession of a programmer in our time is one of the most in demand and highly paid. But to become a good programmer and receive a high salary, you need to study long and hard. The main subjects required for admission are mathematics, physics or computer science and the Russian language.

You can find out which universities train programmers and IT specialists from the article “Who should I study to earn a lot?”

1. There was and still is a shortage of qualified doctors. The most popular specialists are dentists, allergists, surgeons, gynecologists, cosmetologists and nutritionists. However, there is a shortage of doctors in all areas of medicine. In public clinics there is a shortage of pediatricians, endocrinologists, orthopedists, otolaryngologists and gastroenterologists, etc.
2. The profession of a sales representative is also very popular. These are specialists who promote goods or services of organizations. Sales representatives must have the ability to persuade, be sociable and have a well-spoken speech. A sales representative has a lot in common with a marketer.

List of professions after 11th grade for girls

The list of professions for girls is not inferior in size. So where can a girl go to study after 11th grade?

Many of the areas listed above are available to both boys and girls. The same sales representatives, loan officers, doctors, etc. But there are other specialties that are preferable specifically for girls, and some of them are very attractive and in demand:

1. Traditionally, only women are employed as librarians, although there are no gender restrictions.
2. A cosmetologist is currently a very popular and prestigious profession. Although there are no gender restrictions, it is believed that the work is more suitable for women who always strive for beauty and understand a lot about it.
3. Clerk is a job for those who like to “dig through papers” and work in the office.
4. Interior designers most often become girls. It is women's intuition that helps to achieve great heights, although men also have imagination and a sense of beauty.
5. Methodist is a little-known profession, but widespread. The work is considered predominantly female.
6. Girls can choose pharmaceuticals for themselves. This is not a doctor, but also a medical worker.
7. Speech therapist is a very popular specialty. You won’t find good speech therapists during the day. Since this job is mainly related to children, it is suitable for girls who love children.
8. Nursing is a profession in demand. After graduation, you can get a job in a hospital, clinic, or help people at home.
9. The profession of a philologist is considered purely female. Despite the fact that there are no restrictions on gender, young people do not seek to acquire this specialty.
10. An HR manager is a good option for girls with ambitions. This type of work can quickly lead to career advancement.
11. Sociologist is a common profession. However, it is only suitable for girls in the humanities.

Girls can successfully study to become lawyers, analysts, and doctors (especially pediatricians).

The most popular professions in Russia TOP-10

In recent years, some professions have remained in the TOP 10 in the labor market. Employers are constantly interested in highly specialized specialists. Therefore, graduates can view the list of professions and choose which one to study next.

1. IT specialists are among the most in demand on the labor market. Many companies require information technology professionals. Programmers, system administrators and web designers are the most valued. The development of technology should also be taken into account; accordingly, the demand for IT specialists will continue to increase.
2. Design engineer is another profession in demand. The passing score for technical specialties is usually low, so almost any graduate can enter a university. Design engineers are a very promising profession. She is on the same level as architects and designers.
3. Teachers were needed at all times. Given that in recent years the demand for vocational education has increased significantly, new school curricula have changed and been modernized, more and more teachers are needed. In addition, the state strives to increase teachers’ salaries.
4. The legal profession has been in demand at all times. However, to become a high-profile specialist, you need to take training seriously, since this is work for the future. It requires deep knowledge and high professionalism. A competent lawyer will find a place in almost any organization, and their salaries are quite high.
5. There are many specialties in the medical field. There is such a shortage of specialists in some professions that their salaries exceed the salary of an ordinary therapist. For example, allergists, ophthalmologists, etc. The highest paid specialists are dentists. But we must take into account that we are talking about commercial dentistry.
6. The marketing profession appeared relatively recently and is currently in great demand. Advertising is the engine of trade. Marketers monitor the market, predict the services provided and create new winning trading schemes for employers. There are still not enough qualified specialists. Therefore, the profession will be in the TOP for decades to come.
7. Recruitment specialist. Any organization is interested in ensuring that employees not only come to work, but also bring maximum benefit to the company. Therefore, the selection of qualified personnel is an important area. Good HR specialists are required in any company.
8. Production workers. These are, of course, not ordinary movers. Workers with the highest qualifications include electricians, machinists, welders, etc. All these specialists are required in factories and enterprises. In recent years, organizations have increasingly lacked welders, electricians and mechanics. Accordingly, these specialists receive considerable salaries.
9. Beauty industry workers are becoming increasingly in demand. This area includes hairdressers, makeup artists, stylists, cosmetologists and nutritionists, etc. It will not be difficult to get a job later, since there are now a lot of beauty salons and cosmetology centers open.
10. In recent years, not only Russia, but also other countries have been concerned about natural anomalies and pollution. To improve the environmental situation in the world, qualified specialists - ecologists - are needed. The demand for environmentalists is growing every year.

According to experts, in the near future engineers, chemists, biologists and many others will also be in demand. In the process of scientific and technological progress and the development of nano- and bio-technologies, new professions are constantly appearing, but the old ones do not lose their relevance. The tourism and hotel business is developing, the service market is constantly growing and expanding, so more and more service professionals are required. The food industry is also developing - new factories and factories are appearing, which require many different specialists.

Rating of the highest paid professions in the country

In Russia, the ranking of the highest paid specialties differs from the world TOPs. For graduates who must decide on their future profession, the issue of salary is not the least important issue. The TOP 10 highest paid specialties include:

1. Senior managers who are involved in the company's PR and promotion of its products or services, marketers. The salary is approximately at the level of income of a successful individual entrepreneur.
2. Oil and gas workers receive high salaries. Drillers and engineers are especially valued. Moreover, there is currently an acute shortage of such personnel.
3. IT specialists are required almost everywhere. Their earnings are quite high. IT specialists create and protect information databases, control access to files, data leakage, and much more. The uninterrupted operation of an enterprise largely depends on IT specialists.
4. A business consultant not only informs his client in the financial sector, but also monitors transactions with individuals and legal entities. At the same time, trainings and seminars are conducted.
5. Auditors not only carry out inspections, they give opinions on the work of organizations and enterprises, advise on accounting and all updates.
6. A programmer creates, implements, adjusts and configures software. Professionals are worth their weight in gold, and accordingly their salaries are very high.
7. The profession of chief accountant is very responsible. This is practically the right hand of the director, and the earnings of the chief accountants are corresponding.
8. Good doctors are always in demand, but a dentist, as a rule, receives more for his work than other medical workers.
9. Logisticians organize the transportation of products of an enterprise or organization. It is the responsibility of specialists to avoid stagnation of goods and establish sales markets. The logistics profession is paid very well.
10. A chef can become as famous as an actor or pop star. There are no limits to growth in this profession. Each new career step can become another springboard. Accordingly, the earnings of chefs are growing all the time.

Directors of enterprises and organizations always have higher salaries. But without work experience it is very difficult to get a job in such a specialty. It is best to choose an initial specialty, and then gradually climb up the career ladder.
And I would like to end the article with words from the poem of the great Vladimir Mayakovsky - “Having turned the book over, wrap it around your mustache - all the works are good, choose according to your taste!”

Physics is one of the most important and ancient sciences. Thanks to it, many different processes are studied. Therefore, specialties related to physics will be relevant for a long time. Physics is a fundamental science, the application of which is used in many fields of activity.

List of professions

1. Physicist-engineer.
2. Mechanical physicist.
3. Design engineer.
4. Petroleum engineer.
5. Nuclear physics engineer.
6. Specialist in computer technology.
7. Technological engineer.
8. Architect.

About specialties

Physicist-engineer:

A profession associated with knowledge of physical phenomena and constant practice. In this profession, it is necessary to know all mechanical processes, since this work is related to equipment at various enterprises and the introduction of new technologies. If you invent a new technology in any research, incredible career growth and success awaits you. There are quite a lot of areas in this area, but three of the most basic ones can be identified:

Mechanical physicist:

A profession related to mechanical engineering and motorsports, namely the introduction of the latest engines with enormous power, technologies that help reduce air resistance, etc. Working in a large company, you can achieve real success.

Design engineer:

The main activity of this profession is to combine the component parts into a complete product. This profession is required in production, where it is necessary to create various structures, electrical circuits and mechanisms.

Petroleum engineer:

The highest paid profession that requires serious skills. In the field of oil and gas production, new technologies and equipment are constantly needed to improve operating results. And if you can help this area, a high reward will await you.

Nuclear Physics Engineer:

Applies scientific and technical data to enrich nuclear energy and deals with the problem of radioactive waste disposal. Applies knowledge of nuclear physics to create new technologies such as nuclear weapons, reactors and nuclear power plants. Together with nuclear physicists they study the properties of atoms. New materials are being invented, for example, new generations of superniks and various polymers.

Computer technology specialist:

At the moment, computer technology remains a relevant activity. Such specialists may be drawn into theoretical programming problems, digital data processing, and software problem solving.

Technological engineer:

A profession in which the specialty is technical, physics comes first. Here you need to know all the technical processes and be aware of the latest technologies. This specialist is engaged in the technical arrangement of the enterprise and updating of equipment. He chooses the equipment and technical mode of operation himself. A large burden of responsibility falls on his shoulders, since the future of the enterprise will depend on his decisions. And if you possess all the professional qualities of the profession, then you will definitely succeed.

Architect:

A creative profession, but still related to physics and other sciences. To obtain this specialty, you need to understand all physical processes and have computer modeling skills. But, of course, to be professional, you must have a penchant for creativity.

A little about others

Having examined the main specialties, let’s move on to professions that are not so closely related to other sciences as to physics. The most difficult of them is the scientist. The role of scientists in the world is very great. It is thanks to them that important scientific discoveries occur. There are many people who would like to make their own scientific discovery, but this requires a lot of effort. To become a scientist, you need to be interested in science from childhood. You must be a genius, capable of working all day, not for money, but for science and scientific achievements.

If at the university you show yourself as a good and capable specialist, then the university itself will be able to send you to some research center. You cannot train to be a scientist. They become in the process of learning, if you really understand a certain topic and it pushes you forward.

If you want to connect your life only with theoretical physics, then you should think about becoming a teacher. You will be able not only to give lectures, but also to engage in some kind of research, which will bring you obvious benefits. But to become a professional physics teacher, knowledge alone is not enough. You must be able to communicate with your students and understand them and guide them on the right path.

Profession for girls

Many people believe that girls are not capable of engaging in activities related to physics. But this deep misconception. There are girls who know physics much better than men and are able to work as various engineers and designers on an equal basis with men. If you approach the choice of profession for girls, then any profession from the list above may be suitable. But most often they choose the role of teachers. There are many women scientists who also contribute to science. Do not think that professions related to physics are only suitable for men.

Mathematics is the basis for all other natural sciences and many humanities. We can say that it was thanks to the development of this science that humanity has made an impressive technological breakthrough. Without mathematics, the development of physics, chemistry, engineering, programming, architecture and many other disciplines is impossible.
Without knowing mathematics, you cannot build a house, design an internal combustion engine, make a computer, or even conduct a sociological survey. Mathematics is a means, a tool for other scientific disciplines, thanks to which they can translate the real properties of an object or system into abstract mathematical symbols and build models of the future operation of the system or object.
It is difficult to live without knowledge of mathematics. But if the elementary fundamentals of this science are enough for an ordinary citizen, then for successful work in some areas of human activity, deep knowledge of this discipline is required.

Mathematician

A mathematician conducts mathematical research to solve scientific, technical and production problems. He explores theoretical objects of mathematics and develops methods for solving problems using computational methods and computer hardware. He also works on solving theoretical problems in mathematics, i.e. building mathematical models (quantitative characteristics of real things) to study life processes; conducting research in various fields of mathematical science in order to search for new laws and patterns of the phenomenon or process being studied.

Mathematicians work in industry, specialized scientific and practical organizations (research institutes, research and production, computing centers), in educational institutions as teachers (schools, colleges, technical schools, universities) and in the defense industry.

To work effectively, a mathematician needs mathematical and analytical abilities, logical thinking, a high level of development of concentration and attention span, good development of short-term memory, memory for numbers and symbols, and spatial imagination. An aptitude for analysis, detailing information, and a penchant for research work are important. Such qualities as erudition, curiosity, methodicalness, and patience are of great importance.

The effectiveness of professional activities will be hampered by a humanitarian mindset, inability to analyze information, absent-mindedness, inconsistency in actions, and daydreaming.

Economist

An economist is a specialist who analyzes financial and economic activities (enterprises, industries, etc.) in order to improve them. An economist takes part in the organization’s budget planning system and monitors its expenditure, conducts audits, and often does accounting himself.

The main task of an economist is the competent distribution of the company’s cash flows in order to ensure the profitability of production activities. An economist collects, processes, and organizes information about economic phenomena and processes. He analyzes the progress and result of economic activity, evaluates its success and improves its process; plans the activities of the enterprise; determines remuneration and incentive systems for all categories of employees; analyzes the reasons for overspending of the wage fund.

Economists work in banks, government agencies dealing with economic problems, departments of financial planning and distribution of funds of organizations and enterprises, financial and economic departments, financial organizations (tax inspectorates, pension funds, insurance agencies), consulting companies and other organizations.

The main quality of any economist is the ability to think logically, which is sometimes called a mathematical mindset. People with high organization, composure, attentiveness, accuracy, and mathematical abilities have a greater chance of succeeding as an economist. General emotional stability is also of great importance. The ability to keep a “cool head”, not to succumb to momentary moods, strict self-control are undoubtedly positive qualities, and their absence is a compelling reason to once again think about the correctness of the choice made.

Accountant

An accountant carries out accounting of the enterprise's financial resources, audits and financial control, verifies the accuracy of the information received, and monitors compliance with the law when spending financial resources. He pays wages to the organization's employees, keeps records of material assets, calculates product costs or tax deductions, and makes settlements with suppliers and subcontractors. He also prepares the organization’s reporting and submits it to regulatory authorities (tax inspectorates, government funds).

Typically, an accountant specializes in one of the accounting functions, but must navigate all of its types.

These specialists can work in the accounting department of any institution or organization, in large firms and banks, in enterprises in the departments of economic planning and analysis.

To work effectively, an accountant needs stability and concentration, developed logical thinking, the ability to calculate, high efficiency and resistance to monotonous, monotonous activities. A good accountant has high attentiveness and concentration, the ability to self-check and self-control (after all, any mistake he makes is fraught with losses and other serious troubles). For an accountant, such personal qualities as patience, accuracy, perseverance, responsibility, organization, conscientiousness, conservatism, caution and vigilance are important.

The effectiveness of professional activities will be hampered by absent-mindedness, forgetfulness, carelessness, impulsiveness, hot temper, and lack of mathematical and analytical abilities.

Financier

A financier is a specialist in the field of financial transactions with an economic education who conducts large monetary transactions on a legitimate basis. It solves problems of planning and rational use of accumulated credit resources of financial authorities, exercises financial and banking control over the turnover (receipt, investment, expenditure) of funds, analyzes the state of financial and economic activities.

A representative of this profession must know the economic situation in the country, legislation on the organization of financial flows and reporting, and promptly analyze incoming information. A financier must master the art of managing financial flows, have solid knowledge in the field of financial management, and have good training in mathematics, statistics, finance, management, and money circulation.

It is important to have such qualities as communication skills, stress resistance, efficiency, a tendency to take reasonable financial risks, and developed logical abilities.

Tax inspector

Each state needs large financial resources to maintain the state apparatus, budgetary organizations, the army, and to finance social programs. The state receives these funds by imposing taxes on business entities and citizens. The tax inspector is responsible for collecting taxes.

Tax inspector is a person who monitors compliance with tax legislation, the completeness and timeliness of receipt of tax payments to the budget by all categories of taxpayers.

The tax inspector controls the receipt of tax and other payments into the budget, checks the financial documents of taxpayers: tax returns, accounting books, reports, estimates, etc. Conducts tax audits, analyzes the results, and applies financial sanctions to violators. Sends requests for payment of taxes and fees to organizations, entrepreneurs and citizens. Compiles free statistical tax reporting: analyzes the level and dynamics of receipts of taxes and fees, debts and arrears on them.

For full-fledged and high-quality work, a tax inspector needs a penchant for accounting and analytical work, a high level of development of concentration and switching of attention, and efficiency of thinking. A person who has chosen this profession must be stress-resistant and diligent, and be able to quickly navigate the environment. It is important to have such moral qualities as responsibility, correctness, integrity, honesty, emotional and volitional stability.

Successful work will be hampered by inattention, selfishness, dishonesty, and a low level of responsibility.

Programmer

A programmer works in the field of design, production and operation of software based on modern information technologies. The main task of a programmer is to develop programs based on the analysis of mathematical models and algorithms for solving scientific, applied, economic and other problems that ensure the implementation of these algorithms and tasks using computer technology.

The programmer’s responsibilities include developing technology, stages and sequence of problem solving; choosing a programming language and translating used models and algorithms of problems into it; determination of information for processing on a computer (its volume, structure, layouts and input schemes, method of storage and reproduction).

The programmer prepares programs for debugging and carries out debugging, checks programs based on logical analysis, and corrects them during the revision process. Maintains implemented programs and software. Develops instructions for working with programs, draws up the necessary technical documentation.

To work effectively, a programmer needs mathematical abilities and technical thinking, developed long-term and operational memory, memory for symbols (signs, symbols, plans, diagrams, graphs), concentration, abstract thinking, an analytical mind, and the ability to perceive a large amount of information.

It is important to possess such qualities as pedantry, the ability to engage in painstaking work for a long time, independence, diligence, dedication, and the desire for professional excellence.

Architect

An architect is a specialist in the design of various buildings, creating a comfortable living environment for people. The architect is engaged in the design of human settlement systems - cities, districts, ensembles, squares, residential and industrial buildings, structures, landscape gardens; development of restoration projects for architectural monuments, building interiors and individual premises; conducting research related to the design solution; implementation of designer's supervision of construction.

Architects work in research institutes, design bureaus under various ministries and departments, and architectural departments of industrial enterprises.

The profession of an architect requires a person to have a large amount of knowledge of building design standards, innovative technologies, as well as a huge amount of building materials that are constantly being improved. To be successful in this profession, a specialist must have great creative potential and at the same time have mathematical and technical abilities.

An architect must be a broad-minded person; in addition to professional skills, it is desirable for him to be fluent in knowledge from a variety of fields of science: history and climatology, demography and social psychology. He must be able to analyze and compare facts, have spatial thinking. He needs to have good eyesight and an excellent eye.

The work of an architect is accompanied by constant creative search. An indispensable condition for professional suitability is the presence of artistic intuition, a developed aesthetic sense, and the ability to analyze and generalize facts.

Engineer

Engineering professions are the most widespread professions of highly qualified labor. In our country, more than a third of specialists with higher education are engineers.

An engineer takes part in the production of all material goods of society - from food and everyday goods to complex computers, space rockets, and nuclear submarines. A modern engineer is a highly cultured specialist who has a good knowledge of modern engineering and technology, economics and organization of production, who knows how to use engineering methods in solving engineering problems and at the same time has the ability to invent.

Engineers apply the theories and principles of various sciences to technical and economic solutions to technical and practical problems. Their work is like a connecting link between scientific discoveries, developments and their practical application. They manage production sites at industrial enterprises, construction, agriculture and other industries, work in design bureaus, laboratories and research institutions, and deal with issues of organizing production, planning and economics. Engineers design technologies, industrial equipment, machines, and participate in the design and development of production control systems, production automation, business, and management processes. They study the causes of deterioration and production failures, test products, determine their quality, etc.

For full-fledged and high-quality work, an engineer needs mathematical and technical abilities, an analytical mind, concentration, abstract thinking, a penchant for research and drawing skills.

Manager

Manager - a specialist in the management of production and circulation of goods, a hired manager. Managers organize work in a company, firm, and manage the production activities of the organization. The main function of managers is management, which includes the process of planning, organizing, motivating and controlling.

A manager manages the entrepreneurial or commercial activities of an enterprise, institution, organization and maintains its business reputation. He plans entrepreneurial or commercial activities based on the strategic goals of the organization; controls the development and implementation of business plans and commercial terms of concluded agreements, agreements and contracts, assesses the degree of possible risk. Analyzes and solves organizational, technical, economic, personnel and socio-psychological problems in order to stimulate production and increase sales volumes, improve the quality and competitiveness of goods and services, economical and efficient use of material, financial and labor resources. Organizes connections with business partners, a system for collecting the necessary information to expand external relations and exchange experience.

To work effectively, a manager needs highly developed organizational and leadership skills, developed communication and verbal abilities, an analytical mind, logical thinking, good long-term and operative memory. Confidence in oneself and in decisions made, business acumen, initiative, energy, efficiency, determination, perseverance, and determination are important.

Logistician

A logistician is a specialist who is involved in optimizing the processes of delivery, storage and shipment of goods and organizing the transportation process itself. He is responsible for organizing, planning and managing the movement of material resources. The main goal of a logistician is to deliver products to a given place on a certain day and time, in the required quantity and assortment at an optimal cost level, while maintaining its quality.

A logistician must effectively manage and plan the work of the purchasing department, warehouse, and manage available transport. In his activities, he constantly has to communicate with many people: suppliers, sales managers, forwarders, couriers, customer representatives, regulatory authorities.

A logistician must have a good understanding of the organization of cargo transportation and order placement processes. He must know warehouse logistics, special programs, as well as the rules of document management related to accounting and tax reporting.

Logisticians work both in specialized forwarding companies and in the largest manufacturing and trading companies that have their own logistics service.

Representatives of this profession must have analytical thinking, leadership qualities and the ability to lead not only in direct contact with subordinates, but also at a distance. Every logistician must have the ability to “see” the overall picture of transportation, a closed chain consisting of small details: route selection, inventory management, order formation, working with forwarders, organizing sales and much more.

For success in professional activity, an analytical mind, the ability to think strategically, simultaneously solve several problems and properly manage time are important.

Do you like solving complex problems? Do you dream of making a scientific discovery? Do you like working on the computer? After all, do you like math and physics? This means that your choice is obvious - a specialty in physics and mathematics.

Physics

The main myth of modern physics is that it is too difficult (unless, of course, you are the next Einstein). In fact, this is far from the case. Of course, physics can be difficult - but no more difficult than any other science if you study it seriously. Many physicists admit that at school they were far from the strongest in their subject. All you need to get started is interest and motivation.

Most physicists today work in basic or applied sciences. The former are engaged in theoretical developments, while the latter create and develop new products or processes.

A considerable part of physicists are working on the creation of complex equipment that is needed in other industries - for example, laser technologies are used in surgery; Microwave ovens are also an invention of physicists, as are numerous measuring instruments.

Qualified physicists can also work in areas such as testing, inspection and quality control.

A degree in physics from a leading university is excellent training in the ability to solve problems that can be useful in business, government service, and education.

Mathematics

The profession of “mathematician”, of course, exists, but there are very few “pure mathematicians”. In any case, it’s not often you see an ad “Mathematician Wanted.” Mathematics is the foundation on which hundreds of different professions and careers are built. This includes engineers, computer scientists, economists - all of whom use mathematics constantly in their daily activities. Some professionals, such as statisticians, insurance adjusters, or operations researchers, apply mathematical knowledge from certain areas of the science. Applied mathematics specialists often interact extensively with other company employees to solve common problems.

Mathematics is the oldest and most fundamental of all sciences. Specialists in this field use mathematical theories, computational methods, algorithms and the latest computer technologies to solve economic, scientific, engineering, physics and even business problems. Mathematics graduates may find themselves in theoretical or applied mathematics, although these areas often overlap.

Theorists mainly operate with pure and abstract theories. This is pure science - the discovery of new principles, laws or methods. And although these specialists do not create a new product, their research has a direct impact on the development of many other scientific and engineering applied knowledge. Theoretical mathematicians often work in universities, doing research and teaching.

Applied mathematicians use a variety of theories and methods, such as mathematical modeling or computational methods, to formulate and solve practical problems in business, government, or engineering. For example, they can calculate the optimal control schemes for air travel, the effect and safety of new drugs, the aerodynamic characteristics of experimental car models, or the cost of new products introduced to the market.

Here are a few more popular areas in which graduates of physics and mathematics work:

• financial risk analysis;
• stock market analysis;
• laser and optical technologies (telecommunications, optometry, etc.);
• environmental sciences (weather, oceanography, emissions control, etc.);
• medicine;
• space sciences;
• acoustics;
• electricity and magnetism;
• nuclear physics;
• materials science (semiconductors, superconductivity, biomaterials, etc.)

Nanotechnology

Separately, it is worth mentioning nanotechnology as a fast-growing industry that today is in great need of professional physicists, mathematicians and other adherents of the exact sciences.

Nanotechnology refers to the applied field of science and technology and operates with matter at the atomic and molecular levels, creating objects measuring 100 nanometers or less.

Nanotechnology includes three main sections:

• Nanobiotechnologies (integration of nanotechnologies and biotechnologies at the level of molecules and cells). Nanotechnology is used to study biological processes; or biological methods are used to produce technological nanosystems.
• Nanomaterials (the creation of materials one or more atoms thick, which gives such materials new useful properties, for example, enormous strength).
• Nanoelectronics (electronics smaller than one micron allows the creation of much more powerful and compact computers)

Communicate with university representatives personally

As you can see, there are a great many specializations and programs in this area. Therefore, it is easier and faster to decide on the choice of your future specialty by visiting the free exhibition “Master’s and Further Education” in or.

Specialties: mathematics, physics, mechanics and cybernetics, astronomy

Specializations in areas of science and selected topics (nuclear physics, laser physics, computational mathematics, astrophysics, etc.)

Required education (level of education, type of educational institution):

Higher education (researcher by specialty) – physics and mathematics, mechanics and mathematics, physics faculties of academic universities

Specific abilities necessary for successful mastery of the profession:

Introverted personality, love of reading popular science and scientific literature, mathematical abilities, ability to easily solve physical and mathematical problems, interest in purely mathematical and physical problems and problems.

Major subjects of the school curriculum:

Mathematics – geometry, algebra, physics, astronomy. Foreign languages, primarily English.

Nature and content of the work:

Conducting experimental work, performing work and developing individual projects under contracts, writing articles and reviews, teaching activities are possible

Obvious advantages

High social prestige of the profession, the opportunity to realize creative abilities, work in a highly cultural and creative environment, work abroad in Russia as part of international scientific groups.

"Pitfalls", obvious disadvantages

Problems of the “transition period” in relations to science: lack of clear government policy, insufficient level of funding for programs and projects in the scientific field.

Possible occupational diseases: nervous disorders, the danger of cardiovascular diseases, blurred vision and the possibility of diseases caused by systematic work on the computer, possible diseases of the musculoskeletal system, osteochondrosis, physical inactivity, coronary heart disease, and other disorders caused by a sedentary and sedentary lifestyle.

Depending on the specific place of work, occupational diseases are possible, caused by violations of safety rules and exposure to penetrating radiation, currents and high-frequency radio emissions, physically and chemically active waste from experimental work, etc.

Salary range (in rubles on average per month):

in Moscow and the Moscow region: 20,000 – 40,000

in large regional centers: from 15,000 – 30,000;

in scientific towns in the outback of Russia: 10,000 – 25,000

abroad – from 2.5 thousand euros

Some very smart people, like the founder of cybernetics, Norbert Wiener, said: “Science is a way to satisfy personal curiosity at the expense of society.”

This article is devoted to three specialties at once - mathematics, physics and astronomy, because the problems of modern Russian science are of a general nature, and the fact is that today you need to know much more in common than different about these possible areas of activity. The development of science and technology has already made it almost impossible for people engaged in these types of activities to undress. Many physical experiments are now carried out in a “test tube”, or rather, they are simulated on computers, and the preparation of such an experiment involves writing appropriate programs. A physicist is faced with the task of successfully mastering applied mathematics and cybernetics. Even if these questions his research team is handled by a specially invited specialist in mathematics. Mathematical physics is a long-standing and established branch of theoretical physics. Astronomy in our time has become so much the physics of space with various subsections that this name itself has been preserved only for that part of physics that continues observations - radio-electronic and optical - of the visible part of the Universe. There is already space geology, which is engaged in the study of the geological structure and chemical composition of the planets of the solar system closest to us, meteorites and comets, as well as stars. As a rule, modern science is built in the form of separate scientific teams created from different specialists to solve certain cognitive problems. A large number of scientific discoveries are born precisely at the intersection of sciences, and mathematics - as a universal scientific language - allows you to be in the right place at the right time.

How do people now get into science and what are the current prospects for a successful life and a successful career in this field?

Twenty years ago, science was structured like this: there were academic institutes - they were part of the Academy of Sciences and were considered the place where “real science” was “done”; there were departmental institutes, for example, the Ministry of Medium Engineering - under this funny “average” there were structures hidden related to nuclear production and atomic weapons. There were also educational institutions whose departments theoretically also participated in scientific work and were supposed to engage in their own developments. Judging by a number of positions - space, military rocketry, a number of original developments, for example, Alekseev's ground effect vehicles, and articles in the journal Science and Life about the Byurokan Astronomical Observatory - science occupied a fairly prestigious place in the Soviet Union. Films like “Nine Days of One Year” and “Walking into a Storm” were filled with the romanticism of scientific research and dedication. In any case, the idea of ​​a scientific solution problems at all costs and against all odds until 1986 it seemed quite cute and exciting. But with the explosion of the Chernobyl reactor, sympathy somehow evaporated. Moreover, some reports about the disaster mentioned “scientific experiments in the reactor shutdown mode.”

Probably, with this catastrophe, the romantic attitude towards science also disappeared. An understanding has come of what a terrible and dangerous activity this is often, releasing the powerful energy of atoms and matter. But the idea of ​​the need for science. Its important role for society and development could not disappear. Rather, there was a maturation: the attitude towards science became more pragmatic.

A career in science has recently been structured as follows.

Since the early 1970s, various Olympiads for schoolchildren have been held at the school level in mathematics. Physics, etc., which made it possible to identify talented schoolchildren quite early. Some of them could enter physics and mathematics schools at universities (for example, the Physics and Mathematics School at Novosibirsk State University). This was followed by studying at a promising university - as a rule, there were several such universities, from which prospects for interesting work and further growth relatively easily opened up. Universities in Moscow and Leningrad (St. Petersburg) - Moscow State University, universities in the following areas - MAI (Moscow Aviation - problems of aviation and space), Moscow Higher Technical School named after. Bauman (missile direction), etc., then there were universities at famous Academic Towns and scientific centers: Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, etc. An important factor in this regard has always been the active position of the student: participation in scientific circles, independent preparation of reviews and abstracts, deepening and development of knowledge, participation in laboratory work. The interest in science shown already at the student’s bench and certain successes allowed him to establish himself and be in good standing with already famous scientists and recognized specialists. In this regard, nothing can change: if the desire to do science does not manifest itself in the student’s active position, it means that the student actually has no interest in science, and he made a mistake in choosing the path of a scientist.

Upon graduation, distribution began. In fact, it was about satisfying the state order for specialists from various ministries and departments, mainly dealing with applied problems and scientific developments of a military-defense nature. Physicists were needed by the nuclear and rocket industries, physics of alloys and thermal engineering were at the service of engine building, radio electronics solved the problems of detecting flying objects “at distant approaches,” rocket scientists had a lot of problems - from pointing rockets to flying to Mars; lasers, aviation, physics of explosions - science served the military industry, which imprisoned scientists in "sharashkas", closed laboratories and entire towns. Mathematicians were needed to “calculate” all this; With the development of cybernetics, the task of “counting” for mathematicians acquired a new and very interesting meaning. Astronomy stood apart in all this, in the everyday view it served only to satisfy interest in the stars. But as technology developed, as scientific concepts developed, revealing interesting parallels and correspondences between the macroworld of the Universe and the microworld of the structure of matter, astronomy began to attract more and more interest. The idea of ​​what is interesting to us in space, and the idea of ​​the people involved in it, have changed. Astronomy became the physics of space. The isolated scientist with a telescope and an academic cap on his head is long gone. Too many important and interesting things can be learned by studying space using modern means. And the result of the study can become the basis for interesting scientific discoveries. For example, from modern ideas about the origin of the Solar system and the distribution of “building material” - various elements - in it, conclusions can be drawn about the composition and structure of the Earth, which are extremely important for geology.

Some prospect of openness and pursuit of pure science was opened only through the institutes of the Academy of Sciences or in teaching. Most university graduates ended up in closed laboratories as junior researchers; the best of them, “with or without interruption from work,” entered graduate school and began writing dissertations under the guidance of their own “heads of laboratories”—heads of laboratories. The best of the best eventually defended their doctoral dissertations on the topics they developed, became heads of labs, directors of institutes and academicians, received state awards, special rations and housing at an increased rate (a doctor of science had the right to an additional room in an apartment).

But this system was poorly linked to the economy. Atomic bombs, missiles, lasers and much more were made “at any cost”, in the logic of survival and confrontation. There was practically no talk about the peaceful economic use of developments. All discoveries were classified, and promising developments were assessed only from the point of view of a future war: will they be useful or not? Therefore, ground effect vehicles have not yet been able to find their application, and the powerful amphibious jet aircraft A-40 Albatross (Be-42) has only in recent years shown its outstanding efficiency and multi-purpose purpose as a firefighting and rescue aircraft. And this project, including its various civilian modifications, was frozen due to lack of funds.

Closedness led to degradation and inefficiency. Currently, Russia officially has 17% of the world's scientific personnel (and this is despite the outflow of “brains” that occurred in the 1990s!), but at the same time, the innovation rate (implementation of discoveries in life) is only 1%. You can compare: America has GPS - a space navigation system for terrain, which is open (shared by the US military and everyone for a fee) and which is used all over the world by civil aviation pilots, ship captains, motorists, tourists, etc. It is enough to buy a GPS device, enter the data into it and immediately find out your location on the globe with an accuracy of several meters. Thanks to this, the US Army uses this system practically for free, and if necessary, it will simply turn off all civilians, stopping modern life on all continents. Russia has the same GLONASS, for which there is not enough money. But until now, civilians have practically been unable to use it, either for free or for money.

The position of modern pragmatic leaders of Russia, who are not inclined to finance science with such a degree of inefficiency, is understandable. We need points of growth, points of implementation that provide economic returns, opening up opportunities for self-financing and self-sufficiency. One such example can be the ongoing activities in the development of nanotechnology.

Today science is becoming very internationalized; there is a fairly good chance of being part of an international group working on some problem.

Model of becoming a modern scientist: (1) international or Russian grant. Temporary work team. (2) Discovery or development based on any scientific discovery. (3) Creation of an innovation company (science + implementation). (4) Organization of effective commercial use of the development. Market success. This is followed by a repetition of the cycle.

Today's generation of Russian school graduates has many chances to implement such a career model.

The path to science begins at school. Already a schoolchild should understand and accept the idea that advancement in science is his own business, the result of his educational and cognitive activity. It begins with interest in any scientific areas or problems and is expressed in the student’s active position on issues that interest him. This includes reading books, writing essays, being active on the Internet, developing relationships with teachers of the profile of interest, participating in various intellectual competitions and thematic Olympiads. While still at school, you can try to establish a relationship with the university where you plan to continue your studies. You can also prove yourself at open days, which have become traditional in modern universities, you can try emailing, use preparatory courses to show your best side. Summer can be used to participate in summer physical education schools, the traditions of which have been preserved by many universities.

The next stage begins at the university. The student’s cognitive activity and his desire to take part in real scientific work are of fundamental importance. As a rule, the university always has time and energy to organize student research work. There are grants allocated by Russian and international organizations for such activities, and there are opportunities to take part in Russian and international student symposia. Without waiting for the completion of your studies, already in the 1st or 2nd year you can decide on a scientific direction and find a supervisor. Which will help you take the first serious steps up the scientific ladder, and involve you in some simple work as part of a scientific team or group. Participation in student and other scientific conferences, symposiums, meetings, additional study of literature and sources, practical participation in the work of scientific groups, independent work are required! Moreover, with the modern system of distributing university graduates by specialty, successful distribution for inclusion in serious and interesting work is possible only with personal activity.

This position will provide new acquaintances and contacts, interest and respect from already established and well-known specialists. The door will open! What you will do there in the future depends only on you. Prospects depend only on your knowledge, the ability to use it and your love for solving mysteries and problems that people can find anywhere - from the ground under their feet to the starry sky above their heads.