Attention! The free business plan offered for download below is a sample. A business plan that best suits the conditions of your business must be created with the help of specialists.
Cattle breeding taking into account the business plan will allow you to make a profit from the event. The business plan will calculate all costs and risks.
Depending on how correctly the costs for the purchase of animals or their rental are calculated, as well as delivery, food, servicing of cattle, overhead costs for the delivery of feeding materials, for paying salaries to service personnel, watchmen and managers, for the deduction of all taxes and others expenses will depend end result.
It should be noted that breeding large cattle during planned management agriculture in the former Union, has always been a subsidized industry, i.e. the costs of maintaining and servicing the animals themselves were associated with losses.
Of course, this was due to the fact that the fattening complexes had a huge staff of service personnel, both main and auxiliary.
And the entire income was divided among everyone, including not only cattlemen and watchmen, but also storekeepers, tractor drivers in the field, accountants, accountants, raters, weighers, management, etc.
Current manufacturers are trying to reduce the cost of maintenance and additional feeding as much as possible.
For this purpose, animals are grazed in meadows with a sufficient amount of grass.
We are not talking about dietary supplements, but about ordinary mixed feed, beets, corn, corn, wheat, etc. In the pens where cattle are kept, there is usually no grass; it is trampled down by animals, literally in one day.
It is also necessary to water the cattle, for which special drinking bowls for livestock should be equipped and water should be supplied by a tractor with a container.
All these conditions must be taken into account when drawing up a business plan. In addition, in livestock farming, force majeure circumstances are very common, which lead to the death of one or more animals. In worst cases, half the animals, or even more, may die.
Let’s not scare our entrepreneurs; many herds of cattle graze well in meadows, feed them with other food, and, as a result, give good weight gain.
By the way, cattle weight gain should be determined monthly. To do this, they use large weights, such as automobile ones, or use modern weighing mechanisms that are accurate and efficient.
When weighing on large scales, total weight animals are divided by the number of heads. In this way, the average weight of the animal is calculated.
The difference between the weight of the animal obtained in the current month and in the previous month will be the gain, which directly affects the final result. Cattle of a certain age have their own growing periods.
So, to raise young calves, it takes about a year, or even more, before they can be sent for slaughter. But many manufacturers significantly reduce this period.
Breeding cattle (cattle) is one of the most ancient human activities. Today, like hundreds of years ago, it can become profitable and bring good income, if you approach it wisely. It is no coincidence that the people have always called the cow “nurse”.
The cattle breeding business involves working not only with cows, but also with buffalos, yaks, etc., however, in Russia it is more profitable and more common to breed cows and bulls. Their meat and dairy products will be easier to sell.
Where should you start?
When dealing with cows, you will have to regularly resort to the services of a veterinarian, even if the livestock is completely healthy. By Russian legislation There are a number of mandatory annual vaccinations against some severe or rapidly spreading diseases: mad cow disease, rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, leptospirosis, and so on.
In addition, the veterinarian will issue health certificates for the animals, which will be needed to sell meat and milk. So, get to know the veterinarian you will see regularly. Next, you need to calculate the initial investment and start purchasing.
When purchasing cattle, be sure to ask for a certificate from a veterinarian that each animal is healthy.
Construction of a cowshed
First you need to build a barn. It must be a thoughtful, well-planned building. The barn should be warm. This does not mean that it must be heated, far from it. The main thing is that there are no cracks and holes that result in drafts.
In temperate and northern latitudes, winters can be very frosty. If you want to get maximum milk yield and growth, it is better to provide heating during this period, at least in the calf barn. Most cows hatch in the spring, coming out into the herd after wintering, so calving usually occurs in the winter months.
The room should have opening windows, as good lighting and sufficient ventilation are required in the warm season. It is necessary to make a wide entrance. When a cow is in position, her sides become very wide. In addition, it sways when walking, so the optimal opening width is 1.5 m.
The barn can be simple or automated, but in any case it must be warm and contain running water, sewer drains, and separate stalls with feeders and drinkers.
Next, you need to provide drain channels for liquid drainage. The general drain should extend beyond the barn; do it on a slope. If you don’t want a heavy odor, install concrete cesspools with hatches. Each unit of cattle must have its own place with a feed sector and a drinking bowl. It is advisable to separate the stalls with a structure made of welded pipes, since cows are not always friendly to each other, and we do not need fights in the barn.
Purchase of livestock
This is a very important stage in setting up a farm: the profitability of your business will depend on what cows and bulls you buy. In Russia there are both purebred animals and half-breeds, often with inbreeding. It is useless to expect large milk yields and weight gain from such specimens. It is better to purchase animals from nurseries or large farms, where the purity of the breed is closely monitored.
When purchasing cattle, there are two options: buy adult (but not old) cows or buy young cattle and raise them yourself. The second option is fraught with great risk, since not every heifer subsequently becomes a good dairy or beef cow. In addition, you will have to wait at least a year for results.
When selling cattle, they may slip you an old cow. The life expectancy of cows is 16-20 years. At the same time large number With good care, milk can only be obtained between the ages of 3 and 13 years. During her life, a cow can have 11-12 calvings. Calves are born annually. Gestation period is 9 months.
A cow produces the maximum amount of milk at the age of 4-8 years, starting from the 3rd calving. Milk appears after the first calving. It is more profitable and reliable to take young cows that have already calved at least once.
After a cow stops calving, her milk disappears and she becomes useless in terms of producing products. Such pensioners are sent to sausage, since their meat is already quite tough. To avoid buying an old cow, pay attention to its horns. Every year a new rim appears on them. They can be seen by their shape and different shades. If there are a lot of rims, then the cow is no longer young. The optimal number is 3-6 pieces, no more.
Investment volume
Investments, like the farm itself, can be different. This depends on the number and pedigree of the livestock, the size and degree of automation of the barn, the availability of an agricultural base for growing feed and many other nuances. To have an idea of investing in cattle breeding, let’s take a certain type of farm, with an initial quantity of 10 heads with fully purchased feed (without own cultivation).
The cost of a young dairy cow varies from 30,000 rubles to 50,000 € (Dutch dairy breeds). If you purchase from Russian nurseries, the average price is 50,000 rubles. Thus, we will need 500,000 rubles to buy cows. Feed purchases also vary depending on the time of year. In winter, in addition to feed, you will need hay. In autumn, feed can be replaced with vegetables and fruits.
On average, one cow needs a bucket of vegetables or 1/3 of a bucket of fertilizer when walking on pasture. If the grass is lush and grows abundantly, fertilizing can be halved. The cost of building a barn depends on the selected building materials, the nuances of architecture and interior design. For the first time, you can get by with a small building.
So, in total, you will have to pay at least 1,000,000 rubles for the barn, cows and initial feed. Let's add to this inventory and wages for employees who will need an advance in the first month.
Step by step instructions
So, having decided to choose cattle breeding as your business, be patient and hardworking. Working with animals requires a reasonable attitude and self-confidence. Even if you have only seen cows on TV or on the way to a picnic, this craft can be learned fairly quickly. To get started you will need:
- Cowshed.
- Animals.
- Basic equipment: vegetable cutter, grain crusher, separator, milking machines.
- Stern.
- Inventory (buckets, flasks).
- Inspection of livestock by a veterinarian.
- Registration with the administration of the rural settlement.
- Opening an individual entrepreneur or farming.
- Hired workers.
As you can see, there is nothing complicated. If you buy cattle already at productive age, you can make a profit almost immediately by selling dairy products.
Sales of products
The first products from cows have been received, it’s time to think about how to sell them. There are many types of cattle products. Here you need to decide what is more profitable. To make each product you will need your own small production or certain equipment. For example, to make cream and cottage cheese from milk, you will need a separator. To make stew, you need a canning line.
You can start by selling milk and meat in their pure form, if the capital is not too large. It's not as profitable, but it requires less investment. Processing facilities can be equipped later. Product sales methods:
- City or village market.
- Catering establishments.
- Shops.
- Own retail outlets.
- Dairies, meat processing plants.
- Institutions and enterprises using meat and dairy products.
Each of these methods has its pros and cons. For different types sales will require certain additional expense items, as well as the preparation of special documents. For example, to sell in your own stall or store, you will have to open it with a full set of documents and change the tax reporting form accordingly. As a farmer or individual entrepreneur, you will no longer qualify for the simplified taxation system.
To sell products, certificates from a veterinarian and a laboratory report on the quality and suitability of dairy and meat products are required.
The easiest way is to hand over milk or meat to factories. All you need is a certificate of health of the animal. Laboratory research product quality control is carried out at the enterprises themselves. The cost of sales will be several times less than with other sales methods, but you can deliver any amount of milk and meat to the enterprise.
The choice of location for your farm should be informed. It is necessary that there be convenient transport connections, that is, places for selling meat and dairy products are nearby and easily accessible. Otherwise, it is necessary to purchase special equipment with a refrigerator, since the products are perishable. For customers to like your products, they must be exceptionally fresh.
As mentioned earlier, it is necessary to have a veterinary service nearby. Calling a doctor from afar will incur additional costs. In addition, if livestock gets sick, their help may be late. There should be an equipped cattle burial ground within a radius of 10 km. An important aspect is the presence of meadows and ponds in the selected area so that the animals can eat and drink to their heart’s content.
As a rule, all these conditions are created in medium and large villages of regional centers, where the local population is engaged in cattle breeding. There is also a common herd where you can drive your own livestock. There is no point in setting up a farm on the outskirts of the city. There will be problems with grazing, polluted environment (greatly affects the health of cows) and residents of neighboring houses.
Documents
Opening the status of an individual entrepreneur or farmer at the stage of setting up a farm is unprofitable, since there is no profit yet. The exception is cases with the use of subsidies from the state:
- To open a small business for cattle breeding. A one-time payment of 60,000 rubles is given and the same amount for each registered employee. You need to provide a business plan and have a ready-made barn.
- To support farming. Up to 1,500,000 rubles are issued depending on the volume of an existing agricultural enterprise or when starting a farm.
In the first 12 months, with income not exceeding 40,000 rubles, you do not need to pay tax. The tax liability is considered “deferred” in accordance with Art. 256 (item 1) Tax Code RF.
When registering any of these small business statuses, at the first stage it is more advisable to switch to a simplified form of taxation.
At further development business to cattle breeding will be added to both processing industries and trading enterprises. Tax reporting will be slightly different. This can be the Unified Agricultural Tax (UAT) or the simplified tax system (income minus expenses).
- Product Description
- Marketing plan
- Production plan
- Milk
- Meat
- Schedule
- Financial plan
- Which equipment to choose
- Similar business ideas:
We propose to consider a business plan for cattle breeding using the example of a small farm in the Ulyanovsk region. This business the plan can be used as a feasibility study for agricultural activities. enterprises when receiving a bank loan or participating in government support.
Description of the cattle breeding project
We bring to your attention a feasibility study for the creation of a small enterprise for breeding cattle.
The goal of the project is to breed beef and dairy cattle for subsequent agricultural sales. products to the population in the form of milk and meat.
The production of this type of product is a promising direction, since the meat products market is one of largest markets food products. Meat products are in constant demand both among the population and among organizations when purchasing meat products for further processing.
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Where to start implementing the project
- Construction of premises for livestock breeding;
- Purchase of young animals for meat and dairy production;
- Growing and breeding animals in order to obtain a finished product in the form of milk and meat;
- Implementation finished products(milk and meat) to the population.
To implement the project, it is planned to attract credit funds in the amount of 650 thousand rubles. The entire amount of the loan received will be used for the purchase of fixed assets and the construction of premises for keeping livestock.
How much money do you need to start a cattle breeding business?
| No. | Name | Amount, rub. |
| 1 | Construction production premises 30m*6m (incl.) | 170 000 |
| 1.1 | Expanded clay concrete blocks (3 thousand pieces) | 90 000 |
| 1.2 | Sand (10t) | 4 000 |
| 1.3 | Cement (50 bags) | 14 000 |
| 1.4 | Lumber (5 cubic meters) and roofing | 40 000 |
| 1.5 | Crushed stone (10t) | 12 000 |
| 1.6 | Construction work | 10 000 |
| 2 | Cows, 5 heads | 250 000 |
| 3 | Young cattle (bulls), 12 heads | 170 000 |
| 4 | Feed (barley, oats, hay, straw) for 12 months | 60 000 |
| TOTAL | 650 000 | |
To implement production activities the enterprise was registered as an individual entrepreneurship.
Which OKVED code should I indicate when registering this business?
Main activity individual entrepreneur By OKVED code 01.2 - livestock.
Which tax system to choose for cattle breeding
The simplified taxation system (STS) was chosen as the taxation system - 6% of gross income.
At the beginning of the project, the following livestock will be purchased:
- Cows aged 24 months - 5 heads;
- Young cattle (bulls) aged 6 months - 12 heads;
A total of 17 goals.
The main part of the feed will be purchased from farmers. processing enterprises retail price. The rest of the feed (hay and straw) will be partially procured by the individual entrepreneur.
The production activities of the farm will be carried out with the involvement of 2 employees for the position of a laborer.
Table No. 1: Planned staffing
| Job title | Number of employees, people | Salary, rub./month. | Total, rub. |
| Handyman | 2 | 10 000 | 20 000 |
| TOTAL | 2 | — | 20 000 |
Product Description
The project provides for the purchase of young cattle from third party organizations with further growth of livestock on the farm and sale of meat and dairy products.
The activities of our farm will be divided into 3 stages:
- purchase of young animals (up to 6 months old);
- animal care;
- sale of the resulting products - meat and milk.
To obtain high milk yield, it is planned to purchase a highly productive black-and-white breed for dairy production. This breed of cow is capable of producing about 8,000 liters of milk with a fat content of 3.5 - 4% or 20 liters of milk per day during the lactation period (305 days). The live weight of an adult cow is from 450 to 600 kg. In one calendar year, a cow consumes an average of 18 tons of feed.
To raise beef cattle, calves of the Simmental breed will be purchased. This breed of cattle is characterized by increased meat productivity; by the age of 18 months, the bull gains weight from 850 to 1100 kg.
The cattle feeding diet will include:
- Compound feed;
- Straw;
- Hay;
- Haylage;
- Roots;
- Beet;
- Potato;
- Cake and meal.
Marketing plan
The main competitors of our farm will be similar producers, personal subsidiary plots, peasant farms and larger agricultural production complexes.
Sales of manufactured products are planned to be carried out in the following areas:
- Sales of products at retail outlets in Dimitrovgrad, in particular at the “meat market”;
- Sales of meat and milk in the locality at the place of registration of the individual entrepreneur;
- Sale of manufactured products in small wholesale to reseller organizations;
- Sale of products in the form outbound trade(from a car) in neighboring settlements.
Sales of products will be carried out at prices:
- Beef retail: 250 rub./kg;
- Beef wholesale: 170 rub./kg;
- Milk retail: 35 rub./l.;
- Milk wholesale: 24 rub./kg.
It is planned to sell up to 2250 liters per month. milk and 350 kg of meat, or:
- Retail milk - 1000 kg;
- Wholesale milk - 1250 kg;
- Retail meat - 150 kg;
- Meat wholesale - 200 kg.
Production plan
To determine the main economic indicators activities of the enterprise, we will calculate the planned expenses and income of our economy.
To grow and maintain 1 head per month, an average of 1.5 tons of feed (hay, straw, grain) is required. One adult cow eats about 50 kg of feed per day. The average cost of a feed ration (50 kg) per day is 80 rubles, per month - 2400 rubles per head. To maintain 17 heads per month, an average of 41,000 rubles will be spent.
In total, the total monthly costs will be 79,000 rubles.
How much can you earn from this business?
Let's move on to calculating the monthly gross income of the farm.
Milk
On average, one cow produces 20 liters of milk per day. For the first 2 months, 10 liters of milk will be used to feed the calves. Subsequently, all milk is used for sale. Considering that 2 months are allocated for calving, the planned volume of milk sales per year will be 5400 liters per cow:
- 30 days*20 liters/day*8 months=4800 liters
- 30 days*10 liters/day*2 months=600 liters
Accordingly, from 5 heads per year you can get up to 27,000 liters of milk.
Meat
Bulls purchased at the age of 6 months, with proper nutrition and care, will gain up to 500 kg of live weight in 1 year; with a meat yield of 70%, the yield is about 350 kg each.
Accordingly, from 12 heads you can get up to 4200 kg of marketable meat.
Table No. 3 Average monthly revenue of the farm
| No. | Name | Price per kg, rub. | Sales volume per month, kg. | Revenue per month, rub. | Revenue per year, rub. |
| 1 | Milk at retail | 35 | 1000 | 35 000 | 420 000 |
| 2 | Milk wholesale | 24 | 1250 | 30 000 | 360 000 |
| 3 | Meat at retail | 250 | 150 | 37 500 | 450 000 |
| 4 | Meat wholesale | 170 | 200 | 34 000 | 408 000 |
| TOTAL | X | X | 136 500 | 1 638 000* | |
In total, the total monthly revenue will be 1,638,000 rubles.
* For ease of calculation, sales volumes are indicated by month. However, in financial forecast For the first time, meat will not be sold for several months (unlike milk), but as the young animals grow, the entire volume of meat will be sold. As a result, the proceeds received from the sale of meat will cover all previous costs of maintaining the animals, and the remainder of the funds will be our profit.
Schedule
To implement the project it is necessary to carry out the following activities:
Table No. 4 Project implementation schedule
| N p/p | Name of the project stage | start date | End date | Stage cost |
| 1 | Construction of a production facility | 01.05.2013 | 01.07.2013 | 170 000 |
| 2 | Purchase of young cattle | 01.07.2013 | 15.07.2013 | 420 000 |
| 3 | Purchase of feed | 01.07.2013 | 15.07.2013 | 60 000 |
| 4 | Start of activity | 15.07.2013 | — | — |
It is planned that milk sales will begin in the fall of 2013. The sale of the first batch of meat is planned for the summer of 2014.
Financial plan
To organize a farm, investments in the amount of 650 thousand rubles will be required. For these purposes, a bank loan will be issued.
Main expenses farm there will be expenses for raising animals, that is, for feed - 41 thousand rubles per month. The second largest expense item is payment wages two workers - 20 thousand rubles. per month.
Based on the above data, you can calculate the main indicators economic efficiency farm work.
How much can you ultimately earn from cattle production?
Net profit based on annual sales of milk and meat will be 556,720 rubles.
Farm profitability = 58,7% Project payback at these rates it will be 14 months.What can you do right now?
Download the premium business plan for cattle breeding with quality guarantee
This is a full-fledged finished project, not a school report. There are no such projects in the public domain. Contents of a business plan for cattle production:- Confidentiality
- Resume
- Project implementation stages
- Object characteristics
- Marketing plan
- Technical and economic data of equipment
- Financial plan
- Risk assessment
- Financial and economic justification for investments
- Conclusions
Which equipment to choose
- Tractors for transporting feed and removing manure from barns.
- Various attachments for tractors necessary for collecting and preparing hay: mowers, rakes, tedders, plows, etc.
- Gazelle for transporting dairy and meat products to the market.
In addition to the basic equipment, it is also necessary to purchase milk cans, shovels, forks and other agricultural tools.
What documents are needed to open
Raising cattle for commercial purposes to sell meat and milk requires registration as an individual entrepreneur or LLC, depending on the volume of production and the number of co-founders. Documents required for registration of an individual entrepreneur: an application certified by a notary, a photocopy of the passport and ID code, a receipt for payment of the state duty, as well as an indication of the required OKVED codes. After this, a veterinary examination of the animals will also be required in order to be able to sell meat and milk on the market.
Do I need permission to open?
To open a farm, you will need to obtain permission from the fire inspectorate and sanitary-epidemiological station. In addition, you need to open up the face of communication and choose the optimal form of taxation.
It is better to focus cattle breeding on the production of two types of products: milk and meat. For selling milk the best option There will be a wholesale distribution agreement with nearby dairies. This way you can always supply fresh goods to the market, regardless of the amount of milk produced. To sell milk at retail, we recommend considering the option with selling milk through a milk machine.
Additionally, you can organize the production of skins, wool, and young animals. Also remember that success in the cattle business lies primarily in the health of the animal, so hiring a full-time cattle breeder and veterinarian is a must. It is better to start a business with a small farm, and gradually invest the money received in its expansion. This will allow you to better feel the market, coordinate contact with the consumer and amortize start-up costs.
How to increase your chances of success before the project starts
Before you finally decide on which breeding business to start, pay attention to other business plans, it is better to invest a little time and a small amount of money on detailed research now than to sadly think about who needs my products later.
4 ready-made business plans for breeding that you can download right now
See also several similar premium business plans:
- Business plan for breeding sheep, goats, rams
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Any business requires registration and accounting:
- Open an individual entrepreneur for free without leaving home (online)
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There is an opinion that “living well” in a village is much more difficult than in a city. In fact, this is far from true, because you can achieve success in any area, the main thing is to choose the right direction.
From time immemorial, the village lived from livestock and crop production. Today, when we are in the 21st century, absolutely nothing has changed. This publication will discuss one of the most promising directions business for rural areas, which involves raising cattle for meat.
So, the first thing that worries the future livestock breeder is the procedure for officially registering his business:
- When working “big”, it is unlikely that you will be able to hide from the long arm of the law, so it is better to contact the tax office and complete all the necessary procedures for.
- Also, for the successful sale of goods in bulk, you cannot do without a quality certificate, the absence of which will certainly become a stumbling block for cooperation with serious organizations (meat processing plants, restaurants, supermarkets, etc.).
In principle, these are the two main “papers” necessary for the legal conduct of this type of activity, but since legislation tends to constantly change, it is better to clarify the list of all necessary documents with the same tax or district administration.
Required areas and premises
Before purchasing calves, it is important to take care of their future habitat. Here you need to understand that fattening cattle takes a lot of time; accordingly, the animals will experience both severe frosts and sultry heat. An ordinary shed can cope with cold weather, and it is not necessary to have heating in it; the main thing is the absence of drafts and moisture.
The room temperature should not fall below -10 degrees.
In the summer, a special paddock with a canopy and a place for walking is used. The design of the facility must certainly include a feeding trough and a pitched floor, thanks to which all waste will be collected in a pan (a linear depression the width of the entire pen).
Please note that calves rapidly gain weight during this period of the year, and in order not to jeopardize their health, regular walking is necessary. It is carried out until puberty; further trips to pasture are fraught with consequences: minimum – a skirmish between bulls, maximum – physical damage to the person responsible for the procedure. This requirement should not be neglected, because animals that are constantly in a stall become inadequate and aggressive.
The required area for keeping 10 bulls, based on the fact that 10-11 m2 per head, is about two acres of land. In total, the cost of the square meters themselves and the total costs of everything building materials will amount to about 100-150 thousand rubles. Of course, erecting buildings will require a lot of time, effort, and most importantly, desire. 
Equipment
- The diet of a healthy bull consists of a wide variety of ingredients, mainly grains and melons, as well as herbs. The last point requires special attention, it will take a lot of it to feed even 10 heads. That is, such volumes cannot be prepared with an ordinary scythe, so you cannot do without a gas mower (7 thousand rubles).
- Naturally, transporting grass will require transport; even an ordinary car with an equipped trailer will do.
- If the future farm will be located in an ordinary private yard, in order to avoid conflicts with neighbors over unpleasant odor, it is necessary to arrange waste removal beyond the border settlement. The fact that such material also acts as a fertilizer practically eliminates the possibility of any problems arising at this stage.
- Of course, the ideal would be to buy a tractor, but this is quite serious investment, which will almost double the total budget of money allocated for the project. But with the help of such technology and in the presence of various attachments and the carriage will be able to transport cargo and harvest crops, much faster and more efficiently than this can be done using a conventional machine.
- Also, do not forget about processing grain crops (wheat, barley, corn, etc.); an ordinary mini-mill will help turn them into flour; you can buy it at any market.
- Of course, such common tools in rural areas as hoes, shovels and pitchforks must be prepared in advance, because they will be used every day.
Selecting a breed and purchasing animals
It is best to carry out a transaction at the end of winter or early spring, because then by next winter it will be possible to calculate the first profit. It is important to find a decent farm where all the livestock are kept in optimal conditions, which significantly reduces the likelihood of any infections in the animal’s body.
As mentioned earlier, it is not recommended for beginners to start with a large herd, 10 goals will be enough to start with. In this case, it is quite possible to purchase domestic calves, which have proven themselves much better than farm calves.
To find people willing to sell bulls, you will have to improvise, or, as an option, post advertisements in nearby settlements.
The breed plays a key role when choosing an animal; it determines how long it will take the calf to gain the required weight. Moreover, each of existing species differs in care, as well as in the taste of meat. The best option is fast growing meat breeds. The most popular of them are as follows:
- Charolais.
- White-headed.
- Simmentalskaya.
- Hereford.
The age of the animal at the time of purchase determines its final cost. So, the cheapest option is to purchase an individual up to 10 days old, but in this case the risk of losing the money invested increases significantly. The fact is that until the age of one month, a small bull feeds exclusively on milk (about 8-10 liters per day), therefore, if there is no cow on the farm (although a goat will do for this purpose), it is better to refuse such an acquisition.
Of course, everyone knows about the existence of powdered milk, which can replace a natural product. But again, this is to some extent a risk of getting a weakly growing animal, because not a single concentrate can replace cow's milk. Whatever it is, the best option what remains is the purchase of one-month-old calves who by this age are already accustomed to regular food.
Care, feeding, breeding and slaughter
If you have decided to save money and purchase newborn bulls, you need to be prepared to care for them around the clock during the first month of life. Calves need to be fed milk or milk substitute three times a day; it is better to draw up a schedule for on an ongoing basis stick to it.
The most common problem with this procedure is the bull's reluctance to eat on his own. Therefore, you will have to stock up on a regular baby feeding bottle with a nipple and practically force the liquid down your throat. However, after a week, when the animal understands that it is not poison that is being given, it will begin to drink from the bucket on its own.
A calf begins to be accustomed to grass at one month of age; under no circumstances should a freshly cut plant be used for these purposes.
A young body is not able to digest such heavy food, which can lead to diarrhea, and this is an alarming sign. More than 50% of bull calves that begin to lay eggs do not survive, so at first they put hay or straw in the feeder. At the same age, the calf begins to add feed to the milk and gradually replace the milk with water.
At the moment when animals get used to such food, they can safely be taken out to pasture, but there are also some nuances here:
- Walking should be done after the dew has evaporated.
- Do not leave individuals in the open sun.
- Give them water in a timely manner.
During this period, the dangers to the calf’s health become much less, and additional ingredients can be introduced into its diet:
- Carrot.
- Fodder beets.
- Potato.
- Salt.
- Corn without fruit.
- Melons, etc.
Of course, you can get by with just grass and mixed feed, but then you shouldn’t expect maximum weight gain. There is no need to believe those who claim the need for castration; it is reliably known that uncastrated bulls grow faster (+15-20 kg in 1 year).
With this diet, calves are kept up to the age of 1-1.5 years, after which slaughter is carried out. This process is not for the faint of heart and requires certain skills, so it is better to involve a professional. Those who decide to carry out the procedure themselves will have to stun the animal with a heavy object (a sledgehammer or the back of an ax), and then cut its neck.
Next, use a sharp knife to carefully remove the skin so that no meat remains on it. Of course, you need to try not to damage the skin itself, which also costs money. Finally, the stomach and other entrails are removed from the carcass and divided into four parts using an ax, after first separating the head and hooves. It is in this form that the meat is sent for sale.
Product sales channels
The final part of this business project is the sale of meat. Here it must be said that the product is in great demand among consumers, so finding your client will not be so difficult. Of course, if the livestock exceeds the size of 5-10 heads, it is unrealistic to realize such volumes in rural areas. Although there is always the option of handing over live weight calves to butchers, this will significantly affect the final profit (-30%).
In order to get the maximum, you need to either trade yourself, or find companies that supply products from the same butchers.
The first thing to consider is the additional costs of transporting meat to the point of sale. If you have your own transport, they are not that big. There are plenty of options for trading on your own. This could be any market with a rented retail outlet or even an ordinary alley; in general, any place with a large crowd of people and without strict legal requirements.
However, it is much easier, and most often more efficient, to supply meat in bulk to various establishments and organizations. And to find such a client, you will have to show not only persistence, but also bold marketing moves.
Total costs and profits
An approximate calculation looks like this:
- Rent of land and construction of buildings – 100-150 thousand rubles.
- Purchase of equipment, including a lawn mower and a mini-mill (without a tractor) – 50 thousand rubles.
- Animals themselves (10 heads) – about 100 thousand rubles.
- Feed – 100-150 thousand rubles. for all livestock.
The total is about 350-450 thousand rubles. Based on the calculation that the average weight of calves will be 250-350 kg, the cost of one individual will be 45-55 thousand rubles, and ten - 450-550 thousand rubles. respectively.
Thus, the business pays for itself in the first year of its existence and already in the second year it produces a net profit of just under half a million rubles.
Video material about animal breeding
In the following video you can clearly see the organization of a business using the example of a peasant farm:
Practice has long shown that cow breeding as a business is a profitable business. Cattle (cattle) have always been in demand in the market. It doesn’t matter whether cows are raised for meat or for the production of dairy products, if you correctly draw up a business plan for breeding cattle, put production and sales on stream, you can receive regular and high profits.
Nuances of opening a farm
Before opening your own collective farm (KF), you need to decide on its specialization. For what purpose is it planned to raise cattle: for milk or meat production? Milk is a little more expensive to produce than meat. In addition, barns are equipped separately for each of these needs. Therefore, first decide on the direction of the peasant farm, and then move on to solving the following issues.
For the prosperity of a farm, it is very important that the owner has at least minimal knowledge in the field of animal husbandry. Building a farm that meets all the needs of cow breeding will require him special knowledge about the maintenance of a particular breed. Not to mention that the cattle business plan must contain a clear strategy for the development of the farm.
A minimum of specialized knowledge should cover the following aspects:
- which breeds of cattle are best raised for meat and which for dairy production;
- required animal diet, feed characteristics, options for their use;
- features of raising cattle in winter and summer;
- where and how to sell manure.
First steps in starting a farm
The organization of a peasant farm goes through the following main stages:
- purchase or lease of land;
- construction of a peasant farm complex;
- purchase of young animals in accordance with the farming development strategy.
Farm room
The easiest way is to build a barn on the site of an abandoned farm. If you cannot find one, you will have to look for a suitable plot of land and obtain the appropriate permits for it. It is important that there are no similar livestock breeding farms nearby, even if they are not in the area in which you decided to specialize.
A standard barn occupies an area of 30x6 m. This is enough to comfortably accommodate 30 cows. As a rule, peasant farms are located in rural areas, but as close as possible to the enterprises where the products will be sold. For example, close to fields or greenhouses, so that manure can be easily and quickly sold.
In addition to the barn for adults, it is necessary to provide a separate heated room for the actual breeding and maintenance of calves. It is also necessary to allocate premises for service personnel.
Criteria for selecting cows for dairy production
For the dairy sector of the farm, special animals should be selected. Large milk yields are promised by a cow that has thin but strong bones, a voluminous barrel-shaped belly, and underdeveloped muscles. Such a cow has an elongated head, forked withers, thin small horns and a flat back.
Particular attention should be paid to the udder. A cow with a large udder covered with sparse hairs, which noticeably decreases in volume after milking, promises a lot of milk. Then the skin forms folds and is mobile relative to the inside. If the udder is fleshy and practically does not change in volume after milking, the cow will produce little milk.
You should avoid buying cows with rounded udders, giving preference to cup-shaped ones. This promises high levels of dairy production. Please note that the cow shows the highest milk yield until the seventh lactation, and then the amount of milk decreases. The age of livestock is determined by the bumps on the horns. Add 2 to their number and get the exact age of the cow.
Criteria for choosing cows for meat
For meat production, young animals should be selected according to completely different criteria.
- good acclimatization of livestock;
- high reproductive rate of queens;
- high quality carcasses;
- a large amount of live weight;
- high milkiness;
- over a long period high speed growth.
Typically, farms purchase young animals of the Simmental breed for meat production. By 18 months, such a bull weighs 850-1100 kg.
Features of fattening calves
Fattening of livestock is considered ideal when the animal weighs approximately 400 kg by the age of one and a half years. With good development muscle tissue the meat turns out tender. To do this, from six months, when the calves have reached a weight of 300 kg, and up to one and a half years, intensive and balanced fattening of the calves must take place. With insufficient nutrition, the meat becomes stringy and further intensive fattening will not improve the situation.
Fattening of young animals occurs in one of three ways:
- Short fattening, which is carried out from the age of 14 to 18 months of the calf. He should gain at least a kilogram per day, and by the end of the period reach a weight of 400-420 kg. During this period, his diet consists of:
- twisted protein (750 g);
- carotene (60 g);
- calcium (43 g);
- table salt (40 gr.);
- phosphorus (23 g).
In summer, the animal eats up to 35 kg of greens per day. To prevent the calf from losing fat mass, mixed feed is added to the diet during this period. In winter, calves are given salt (50 g), tricalcium phosphate (60 g), compound feed (3 kg), hay (4 kg), straw (3 kg), succulent feed (20 kg).
- Average fattening is carried out for 5-6 months. Plentiful feeding should result in the calf weighing approximately 450 kg at the end of the period. After this, they move on to the next stage of fattening.
- Long-term fattening is moderate feeding for 8 months, when the animal reaches the age of 2-2.5 years. This type of diet results in fatty meat.
Equipment for farming
As a rule, special serial equipment is used to keep calves. It includes:
- individual cells;
- equipment for receiving and heating milk and colostrum;
- tanks and platforms for milk distribution;
- drinking bowls;
- bathtubs for washing dishes;
- cabinets where small equipment is stored;
- equipment for irradiation of calves.
Instead of cages, you can use half-boxes - stalls covered with hay and not allowing calves to contact each other. Each box or cage has its own equipment: a bucket with a scale and a nipple device.
Equipment for keeping calves is fixed to a wooden floor. The height of the cage or box should be 60 cm at the back and 80 cm at the front. At the front they are also covered with a grille with an opening 18 cm wide so that the calf can stick its head through. All inventory and equipment must be washed promptly and thoroughly.
- Computer control system.
- Automatic windows.
- Heating and cooling of buildings.
- Ventilation.
- Manure removal equipment.
- Cow cleaning equipment.
- Flooring.
- Watering and feeding systems.
- Water circulation and heating systems.
- Milk cooling systems.
- Milking equipment.
- Stall equipment.
Farm organization formalities
It is best to register a cow breeding complex as an individual entrepreneur, indicating the OKVED code 01.2 - livestock farming. It is worth choosing a simplified taxation system – 6% of the enterprise’s GDP.
When organizing meat or dairy production, it is important to think in advance and test the waters regarding the sale of products. So, in client base need to enable:
- private resellers, small wholesale organizations;
- nearest retail outlets (shops, supermarkets in neighboring settlements);
- large food markets.
Business value calculation
The amount of investment for such a business will be about 700 thousand rubles. The bulk of them will go to:
- purchase of feed for the year (approximately 60 thousand rubles);
- purchase of young animals (5 cows – 250 thousand rubles, 12 bulls – 170 thousand rubles);
- construction of the complex (170 thousand rubles);
- wages for workers (2 people – 20 thousand rubles).
It is difficult to say how much the purchase of equipment will cost, since much depends on the scale of the project and its focus.
The profitable part of the business consists mainly of sales of meat and milk:
- retail meat yield – 250 rubles/kg;
- meat output for wholesale – 170 rubles/kg;
- retail milk yield – 35 rub./l;
- Wholesale milk yield – 24 rub./l.
From 30 cows you can get 2 thousand liters of milk and 300 kg of meat per month. That is, you can earn an income of up to 75 thousand rubles per month, and more than 600 thousand per year. Moreover, every year you need to spend 60 thousand rubles. for feed and 240 thousand rubles. for salary. If you were unable to find another way out other than renting a plot of land, your expenses should include the cost of paying for it. Another expense item is utility bills, which in each specific case will have a different value.
According to conservative estimates, the breakeven point for a meat enterprise can be planned somewhere in the second year of business development. If you constantly increase the number of livestock and find new sources of sales for your products, the cost of profitability can be significantly reduced.
Download detailed business plan Cattle breeding is possible according to
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