Management of ChTZ Uraltrac in the post-war period. Tankograd – Chelyabinsk

technical automotive crane factory

Tractor birthday - June 1, 1933 when the first Chelyabinsk cars came out of the factory gates. These were tracked tractors “Stalinets-60” (S-60) with a capacity of 60 horsepower, running on naphtha fuel.

• 20 June 1937 serial production of the Stalinets-65 (S-65) tractor with a capacity of 65 horsepower and a diesel engine began.
• 1939 year. ChTZ has mastered the production of military equipment - the artillery tractor "Stalinets-2" (S-2) with a capacity of 105 horsepower.
• 1940 year. Tractor builders carried out experimental work on mastering the production of heavy KV tanks designed by the Leningrad Kirov plant and the 12-piston fuel pump “TN-12” for aircraft engines of heavy bombers. On December 31, 1940, the state commission accepted the first Chelyabinsk tank.
• 30 March 1940. The 100,000th tractor rolled off the assembly line. The total power of Chelyabinsk tractors produced was 6 million horsepower or ten Dneproges.

During the Great Patriotic War, ChTZ was renamed the Kirov Plant of the People's Commissariat of Tank Industry in the city of Chelyabinsk and, together with seven enterprises partially or completely relocated to Chelyabinsk, became a tank plant, later called Tankograd by the people. In an unprecedentedly short time, the plant became one of the main arsenals of the front: 18 thousand tanks and self-propelled guns, 48.5 thousand tank diesel engines, 17.7 million ammunition blanks.

Tankograd created 13 types of new tanks and self-propelled guns, 6 types of tank diesel engines. For the first time in world tank building practice, the assembly of a heavy tank was put on a conveyor belt.

During the war, the plant was awarded the Red Banner 33 times. State Committee Defense (GKO) for victory in the All-Union competition. Two banners were left to the team for eternal storage.

• 5 January 1946 The first post-war “Stalinets-80” (S-80), with a closed cabin, was assembled, and its mass production began on July 12, 1946.
• 20 June 1958- the plant was returned to its historical name - Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The S-100 tractor is commercially produced. This machine was awarded a gold medal at the international exhibition in 1961.

January 1961. The diesel-electric tractor DET-250 with a capacity of 310 horsepower was put into serial production. He has won three gold medals at various international exhibitions: 1960, 1965, 1966.

• 9 October 1963 The first production tractor T-100M with a capacity of 108 horsepower rolled off the main conveyor. In 1968, at an international exhibition, he was awarded a gold medal.
• 10 November 1971 The first production association in the tractor and agricultural engineering industry of the USSR, the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant named after V.I., was created. Lenin".
• 6 August 1982 On the northern slope of Elbrus at a two-kilometer altitude, where the high-mountain front of the Great Patriotic War took place, an obelisk was installed, at the base of which are parts of the S-60 tractor, which was used as a military tractor.
• 31 May 1983 The plant was awarded Order of the Red Banner of Labor for great contribution in equipment national economy powerful crawler tractors and merits in the Great Patriotic War.
• 1 June 1983 For the golden anniversary of ChTZ, the first tractor S-60, the first Soviet tracked vehicle, was installed on a pedestal on the pre-factory square, and the world's first heavy-duty energy-rich domestic tractor T-800 with an 820 horsepower engine, designed for the development of particularly heavy frozen and rocky soils, was assembled. rocks without explosion.
• 3 November 1984 The plant produced the millionth tractor bearing the ChTZ brand.

March 1988- tractor manufacturers began production of the T-170 tractor, equipped with a modernized diesel engine.

September 1988- the T-800 tractor is included in the Guinness Book of Records.

January 1989- serial production of the DET-250M2 tractor began.

December 30, 1990- the first production tractor T10 with a hydromechanical transmission was released.

November 1999- serial production of the V-92 C2 tank diesel engine was mastered.

• 25 September 2000 At the international exhibition "URALSTROY - 2000" (Ufa), ChTZ products were awarded the first degree Gold Cup.
• 01 June 2002- serial production of the T10 tractor began.
• 25 July 2002- first regional opened shopping mall- RTC LLC "CHTZ-URALTRAK" in Perm.
• 18 December 2002- received a quality certificate (Sample Test Certificate) for bulldozer B - 10.02 at the UES Certification Center (Germany).
• 01 June 2003- ChTZ-URALTRAK LLC - 70 years. On the day of the anniversary, a column emerged from the gates of the plant under its own power, in which the entire range of tractors, wheeled and special machines, and mini equipment was presented. It was truly a parade of samples that the plant had ever produced.
• 01 July 2003- serial production of the T10M tractor and units based on it has been mastered.

August 2004- the first batch of B10M.6000 bulldozers with hydromechanical transmission was shipped to the consumer.

December 2004- the DET-320 tractor becomes a laureate of the “20 Best Products” competition Chelyabinsk region"and a diploma winner of the competition "100 Best Products of Russia.

March 2005- the first B12 bulldozer with a hydromechanical transmission, a YaMZ engine, an external swing axis for bogies and a planetary final drive was shipped to the consumer. According to its standard size, the bulldozer belongs to the class of 15 tons of traction.

February 2006- the first wheeled front loader PK-46 with a lifting capacity of 4.6 tons was shipped to the consumer. produced by ChTZ.

November 2006- developed new representative family of ChTZ wheeled front loaders: PK-30 with a lifting capacity of 3 tons.

March 2007- start of production of a new model of bulldozer B11. For the first time, ChTZ widely used high-strength plastic for the manufacture of cladding panels.

May 2007- at the ChTZ Power Tractor Plant they began assembling the DET-400 tractor with vector-injection electric machines.

Autumn 2007- a new representative of the ChTZ:PK-65 family of wheeled front loaders with a lifting capacity of 6.5 tons was developed and manufactured.

December 2008- bulldozer-loosening unit B11.6000EN, produced by ChTZ-URALTRAK, was recognized as a laureate of the “100 Best Products of Russia” competition.

June 2010- ChTZ-URALTRAK won the competition for the title “Best Russian Exporter of 2009” in the mechanical engineering industry.

September 2010- a mini-foundry plant is being prepared for launch at ChTZ - an ultra-modern automatic molding line IMF (Italy) - a joint project of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant and the company Vertex-Transstal (VTS).

December 2010- Tractor T13 s attachments and the PK-65 front wheel loader were awarded diplomas all-Russian competition commodity producers "100 best goods of Russia". In addition, the T13 tractor received the title “New of the Year”. Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant was also awarded “for production high quality».

July 2013- ChTZ-URALTRAK LLC confirmed the previously received certificate of compliance of the quality management system with the requirements of GOST ISO 9001-2011 (ISO 90001-2008).

Today they release:

Bulldozer-loosening unit DET-400B1R2

Bulldozer B12

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 History of ChTZ
  • 1.1 Before the war
  • 1.2 The plant during the Great Patriotic War
  • 1.3 After the war
  • 1.4 Plant after 1991
  • 1.5 ChTZ today
  • 1.6 Activities in 2008
• 2 Awards
Notes

Introduction

Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant(until October 6, 1941 - Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant named after. I. V. Stalin, until June 20, 1958 - Kirov Plant of the People's Commissariat of Tank Industry in Chelyabinsk) - a machine-building enterprise for the development and production of wheeled and tracked road construction equipment (bulldozers, pipe layers, front loaders, mini tractors), engines internal combustion, spare parts and other high-tech engineering products.

The number of employees is more than 20,000 people. Production area occupied by the enterprise is 1.5 million m 2.

The operator (owner) of the enterprise is Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant - Uraltrak LLC. The general director of the company is V. M. Platonov.

1. History of ChTZ

1.1. Before the war

S-65 in the VAZ equipment museum (Tolyatti)

Bulldozer DZ-54 based on the T-100 tractor (1955)

Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (1930s)

On May 29, 1929, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a resolution on the construction of a tractor plant in the Urals. Production capacity The plant production was planned at the level of 40 thousand tractors per year. The American Caterpillar 60 tractor was chosen as the prototype of the first tractor. The construction of the plant was carried out with the involvement of specialists from the USA and other countries. The design of the plant was carried out by the architectural firm Albert Kahn Incorporated from Detroit (USA), which had previously designed the Stalingrad Tractor Plant (and before that, before the Great Depression of 1929-1933 - Ford plants and other US automobile plants) by the famous American architect Albert Kahn Kahn) (1869-1942).

On May 15, 1933, the first tracked tractor “Stalinets-60” (S-60) came out of the assembly shop gates. However, the official opening of the plant took place on June 1. The S-60 tractors were equipped with 4-stroke, 4-cylinder carburetor engines with a power of 72 hp, running on naphtha fuel and, weighing 9.5 tons, had a maximum tractive effort of 4.45 tons.

1936 The company's tractors take part in two grandiose expeditions: the “Snow March” - covering two thousand kilometers across Yakutia at a temperature of minus 50 degrees, and the Pamir crossing at an altitude of 4 thousand meters in the Turkestan Military District.

May 1937. At the World Exhibition in Paris, the S-65 tractor was awarded the highest award - the Grand Prix diploma.

On June 20, 1937, serial production of the Stalinets-65 (S-65) tractor with a capacity of 65 horsepower and a diesel engine began. ChTZ was the first in the country to master the production of fuel equipment for diesel engines. ChTZ became a pioneer in the Soviet tractor diesel industry.

1939 ChTZ has mastered the production of military equipment - the artillery tractor "Stalinets-2" (S-2) with a capacity of 105 horsepower.

1940 Tractor builders carried out experimental work on mastering the production of heavy KV tanks designed by the Leningrad Kirov plant, and the 12-piston fuel pump “TN-12” for aircraft engines of heavy bombers. On December 31, 1940, the state commission accepted the first Chelyabinsk tank.

March 30, 1940. The 100,000th tractor rolled off the assembly line. The total power of Chelyabinsk tractors produced was 6 million horsepower, or ten Dneproges.

1.2. The plant during the Great Patriotic War

During the Great Patriotic War, ChTZ, together with seven enterprises partially or completely relocated to the city, was a tank plant, which later received the unofficial nickname "Tankograd". In particular, the main facilities of the Kharkov Motor Plant and the Leningrad Kirov Plant were evacuated here, and therefore on October 6, 1941 the plant was renamed "Kirov plant of the People's Commissariat of Tank Industry in the city of Chelyabinsk". In a short time, the plant became one of the main arsenals of the front: 18 thousand tanks and self-propelled guns; 48.5 thousand tank diesel engines; 17.7 million ammunition stockpiles.

The enterprise created 13 types of new tanks and self-propelled guns, 6 types of tank diesel engines. For the first time in world tank building practice, the assembly of heavy tanks was put on an assembly line.

During the war, the plant was awarded the Red Banners of the State Defense Committee for victory in the All-Union competition 33 times. Two banners were left to the team for eternal storage.

1.3. After the war

USSR postage stamp, 1958: Firstborn of Soviet industry

On January 5, 1946, the first Stalinets-80 tractor was assembled. In 1956, the Stalinets-100 tractor was created.

In January 1961, a tractor with an electromechanical transmission, DET-250, was put into serial production.

On October 9, 1963, the first production tractor T-100M with a capacity of 108 horsepower rolled off the main assembly line. To increase labor productivity, increase the reliability and durability of tractors when operating in various climatic conditions (swamps, sand, permafrost, etc.), modifications of the basic model were developed and introduced into mass production. So in 1964, ChTZ produced 22 versions of the T-100M tractor. This tractor, including all its modifications, became the most popular in the history of the enterprise: a total of 412,145 copies were produced.

At the end of the 60s, in the context of the existing production of industrial tractors T-100M, its radical reconstruction and technical re-equipment began to begin production of T-130 tractors. On May 26, 1970, the construction and reconstruction of ChTZ were declared an All-Union Komsomol shock construction project.

On November 10, 1971, the first production association in the tractor and agricultural engineering industry of the USSR, the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant named after V. I. Lenin, was created.

On August 6, 1982, on the northern slope of Elbrus at a two-kilometer altitude, where the high-mountain front of the Great Patriotic War took place, an obelisk was installed at the base of which are parts of the mutilated S-60 tractor, which was used as a military tractor.

Tractor T-100

On June 1, 1983, for the golden anniversary of ChTZ, the first tractor S-60, the first Soviet tracked vehicle, was installed on a pedestal on the pre-factory square, and the world's first heavy-duty energy-rich domestic tractor T-800 with an 820 horsepower engine, intended for development, was assembled especially heavy frozen and rock formations without explosion.

March 1988 - tractor manufacturers began production of the T-170 tractor, equipped with a modernized diesel engine. This year the plant reached maximum performance for the production of tractors: 31.5 thousand machines rolled off the assembly lines.

January 1989 - serial production of the DET-250M2 tractor began.

September 1990 - the T-800 bulldozer-ripper is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest and most productive in the world.

ChTZ tractors - T-100 and T-108

1.4. Plant after 1991

Bulldozer B-10M (2004)

1998 - bankruptcy, reorganization, emergence of a new enterprise: ChTZ-Uraltrak LLC

November 1999 - serial production of the V-92 C2 tank diesel engine was mastered.

On September 25, 2000, at the international exhibition “URALSTROY - 2000” (Ufa), ChTZ products were awarded the Gold Cup of the first degree.

July 25, 2002 - the first regional shopping center was opened - RTC LLC "ChTZ-Uraltrak" in Perm.

October 2002 - a prototype of the DET-320 tractor with an engine from the Yaroslavl Motor Plant was assembled.

December 18, 2002 - a quality certificate (Sample Test Certificate) for bulldozer B - 10.02 was received at the UES Certification Center (Germany).

1.5. ChTZ today

Today ChTZ offers consumers:

• tractors T10M, DET-250M2 and engineering vehicles based on them;
• pipelayers with a lifting capacity of 12.5 and 20 tons;
• bulldozers B10M;
• vibratory rollers, loaders and bulldozers based on wheeled modules weighing 24 tons;
• diesel engines with power from 12 to 1000 horsepower;
• diesel generator sets with a capacity of 100 kW for autonomous power supply;
• diesel-hydraulic stations for installations for collecting oil products from water surfaces;
• spare parts for ChTZ tractors;
• goods consumer consumption, including: universal wheeled-caterpillar mini-tractor “Uralets” (12 hp);
• municipal vehicle T-02.03.2 and other goods.

1.6. Activities in 2008

In 2008, it produced products worth 12.364 billion rubles. (16.2% more than in 2007), releasing:

• 162 pipelayers,
• 1,944 bulldozer-ripper equipment,
• 71 heavy tractors DET-250 and DET-320,
• spare parts - in the amount of 2 billion 853.766 million rubles. (an increase of 28.7%).

The volume of product exports is 1,916.4 billion rubles. (an increase of 0.2%). Export of spare parts - 417.83 million rubles. (an increase of 5.9%).

Depending on the types of products produced, the share in Russia ranges from 15 to 65%. Government orders at the enterprise are 15-18%, the share of exports in sales is 22-25% (the plan is to increase the share of exports to 30-40%).

2. Awards

• Order of Lenin (1971),
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1983),
• Order of Kutuzov, 1st degree (1945),
• Order of the Red Star (1944).
• The Order of Lenin was awarded to the pilot plant (1944) and the diesel design bureau (1945).
• 12 tractor builders were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
• August 25, 2003 - ChTZ-Uraltrak LLC was awarded the Order of Friendship of the State of Vietnam.

Notes

1. Meerovich M. G. Albert Kahn in the history of Soviet industrialization. - archvuz.ru/numbers/2009_2/ia1
2. Journal "Expert" No. 1 (687) / December 28, 2009. Maxim Rubchenko (editor of the economics department). Hooray, they are depressed! - www.expert.ru/printissues/expert/2010/01/ura_u_nih_depressiya/
3. - www.book-chel.ru/ind.php?what=card&id=623, - kirovka.ru/enc/index.php?id=623 Kirov Plant of the People's Commissariat of Tank Industry
4. Komarov L. S. Chronicle of the Chelyabinsk tractor / L. S. Komarov, E. G. Khoviv, N. I. Zarzhevsky. - M., 1972
5. The second life of a record holder - Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ChTZ) - chtz-uraltrac.ru/news/topics/199.php
6. At the end of 2008, ChTZ-Uraltrak increased the production of special equipment by 16.2% - www.nsp.su/news/2009-01/3615/
7. Export gauge of the Chelyabinsk tractor - Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ChTZ) - chtz-uraltrac.ru/news/topics/468.php
8. History - Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ChTZ) - chtz-uraltrac.ru/articles/categories/24.php

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This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/10/11 08:23:14
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The Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant was the main tank production center in the country. It was here that the legendary BM-13 - "Katyusha" installations were produced. Every third tank, combat aircraft, cartridge, mine, bomb, landmine and rocket was made from Chelyabinsk steel.

From “Klim Voroshilov” to “Joseph Stalin”

The first tank was assembled at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ChTZ) at the end of 1940. In six months, only 25 vehicles of the experimental model KV-1 were produced, the name of which stood for “Klim Voroshilov”.

In the pre-war years, the main production of tanks in Soviet Russia was concentrated at two enterprises - the Kirov plant in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg - Ed.) and the Kharkov engine building plant. Almost immediately after the outbreak of hostilities, production facilities found themselves within the reach of fascist aviation. Then they were evacuated to Chelyabinsk and merged with ChTZ, which as a result became the main center of defense tank construction and received a temporary name - the Chelyabinsk Kirov Plant. This is how Tankograd appeared.

“The status of the all-Russian center of the tank industry was assigned to Chelyabinsk with the creation of the People’s Commissariat of the Tank Industry in the city,” historian Sergei Spitsyn tells the RP correspondent. - It was headed by Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Malyshev, who was called “Prince of Tankograd” jokingly and with the tacit consent of Stalin. This talented designer enjoyed the special favor of the Generalissimo. Isaac Zaltsman, whom the allies nicknamed the “King of Tanks,” became the director of ChTZ. Under the “princely” and “royal” leadership, ChTZ produced 13 new models of tanks and self-propelled guns during the war years, for a total of 18 thousand combat vehicles. Every fifth tank made in the country was sent to defeat the enemy from the workshops of the Ural enterprise.

In 1942, ChTZ sent the legendary T-34 to the front for the first time. Their mass production was established in just 33 days, although before that it was believed that serial production of combat vehicles of this class could not be launched faster than in four to five months. For the first time in world practice, a heavy tank was put on the production line. Production assembly began on August 22, 1942, and by the end of 1943 the plant was producing 25 T-34 vehicles and 10 heavy tanks daily.

– About the role played by the T-34 in the Great Patriotic War“, dozens of volumes have been written,” says military historian Leonid Marchevsky. “It was this tank, which received the affectionate nickname “Swallow” at the front, that brought victory in the defense of Moscow, Stalingrad and in the Battle of Kursk. The T-34 became a legend, one of the symbols of the victorious Red Army. This is the only tank that has not become obsolete during all the war years, when the development of weapons was more rapid than ever, and is still used in some third world countries. That is why this tank is most often placed on pedestals as a monument to the Great Victory. Most of the monument tanks are in good condition, although now they are back in battle.

Hunting for "Tigers"

By the end of 1942, the Nazis found a way to counter the T-34 and sent new weapons into battle - heavy Tigers. Powerful armor and enhanced weapons made these tanks virtually invulnerable to Soviet combat vehicles. Therefore, the factory designers were given a new task - to as soon as possible create and put into production a tank that can hunt Tigers. The order was issued in February 1943, and already in September the first heavy tank of the IS series was produced at ChTZ, which stood for “Joseph Stalin”.

The birthday of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, one of the largest Russian industrial associations producing high-tech engineering products, is considered to be June 1, 1933. It was on this day that the first “Stalinets” S-60 with a power of only sixty horsepower rolled off the plant’s production line. From this moment in time, anywhere in our vast country, the solution of important technical and technological problems could not be done without the participation of machines created at this illustrious enterprise. In 1936, Chelyabinsk tractors perfectly demonstrated their capabilities when passing along the “Snow Crossing” route in Yakutia, successfully covering more than two thousand kilometers along difficult to reach terrain in conditions of fifty degrees below zero. These vehicles did not fail during the Pamir crossing on the territory of the Turkestan Military District, when the path ran through high mountain points at a level of four thousand meters.

The preliminary design of ChTZ was drawn up in the spring of 1930 in a special design bureau in Leningrad. Realizing that the construction of an enterprise of such a level as the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant is possible only by applying all the accumulated world experience, the country's leadership decided to carry out the final revision in the USA. In Detroit, the center of the American automobile and tractor industry, the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant design bureau was created. Twelve American and forty Soviet specialists made many changes to the original sketches. Instead of the planned twenty separate buildings, it was decided to establish three shops: mechanical, forging and foundry. To make it possible to change production facilities, the reinforced concrete supporting structures of the buildings were replaced with metal ones. Later during the war, this made it possible to quickly switch to the production of tanks at the plant. On June 7, 1930, the general plan of ChTZ was completed, and by August 10 the workshops were laid out.

Tractors S-60

The first builders faced great difficulties: there was no equipment, housing and medical care. There was a shortage of materials, and by the end of 1930, construction funding had sharply decreased. Of the forty-three thousand workers who arrived here in 1930, thirty-eight thousand people left by the end of the year. The construction was in danger of collapse. However, on May 11, 1931, I.V. Stalin stated that the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant came under special supervision of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). After this, the construction of the plant proceeded at an accelerated pace. In 1932, extensive installation of production equipment began, the supply of which involved three hundred and seven companies from the USA, Germany, France and England, as well as more than one hundred and twenty domestic factories. Generally specific gravity Soviet equipment accounted for more than forty-three percent. What was accomplished in three years was amazing. The endless field turned into a growing city. Where recently there was only dirt, there were brick houses and huge workshops, and there were asphalt roads. In the factory area there was a factory kitchen, a club, a cinema and a training center.

The first tractors produced by ChTZ named after. Lenin, worked on naphtha fuel, and only after significant reconstruction in 1937, the enterprise began producing new diesel vehicles based on the S-60, but with a capacity of five horsepower more than its predecessor. Already in May of the same year, the S-65 became a prize-winner at the Paris World Exhibition, receiving a well-deserved “Grand Prix” diploma from its organizers. Serial production of these economical machines was launched at ChTZ on June 20, 1937, thanks to which the company became a pioneer in the domestic tractor industry, producing diesel tractors. In total, from 1937 to 1941, the plant produced about thirty-eight thousand S-65 tractors.

The S-65 tractor is the first domestic diesel tractor with an M-17 engine with a power of 65 hp. A working model of a tractor at the parade of rarities produced at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant.

The prototype of the S-60 tractor was the American Caterpillar-60 of the company of the same name. The main purpose of the tractor was to work with trailed agricultural machines and drive stationary devices. Due to heavy losses, the Red Army at the beginning of the war withdrew most of the S-60 and S-65 tractors from agriculture. They were used to tow large-caliber guns, in particular the 152 mm ML-20.

In 1939, the company expanded its product range by simultaneously mastering the production of the S-2 or “Stalinets-2” artillery tractor. Its power was already one hundred and five horsepower. The Chelyabinsk plant celebrated March 30, 1940 with a new achievement: the 100,000th tractor rolled off its assembly line on that day. Meticulous statisticians calculated that the total power of all machines produced by the enterprise up to that point was six million horsepower, which is approximately equal to the power of ten Dnieper hydroelectric power stations.

Transport tractor S-2 "Stalinets-2"

S-2 tractors were on all fronts, the largest number on the South-Western. They carried 85mm anti-aircraft guns, as well as medium and heavy artillery systems, including 203mm howitzers and 280mm mortars. They were used effectively in the evacuation of medium and light tanks. By September 1, 1942, the army had about nine hundred S-2 tractors. They were carefully preserved, since there were no factory supplies of spare parts since 1942. There was a case when the S-2 driver’s gearbox broke down, and in order not to abandon the car, he drove one hundred and thirty kilometers in reverse to his unit. Unfortunately, not a single such military tractor has survived to this day.

The anticipation of war in the air required a reorientation of production, and in 1940, intensive efforts were carried out at ChTZ. research work and preparation for the production of heavy tanks (KV type) together with the designers of the Kirov plant in Leningrad. At the same time, preparations were being made for the production of a fuel pump for the engines of T-12 bomber aircraft. The first tank was accepted at ChTZ by the state commission on the last day of 1940.

The beginning of the Nazi invasion and their rapid advance across our territory in 1941 forced the country's leadership to carry out an urgent evacuation of all large enterprises deep into the USSR, in particular to the Urals. The main production workshops and specialists from the Kirov plant. Production was launched on the territory of ChTZ. Subsequently, the Kharkov Motor Plant and five more enterprises evacuated from territories already captured by the enemy were annexed to it. On the move, in the cold, among the snowdrifts, people unloaded the equipment, immediately put the machines on the foundations and put them to work. Only then were walls erected around the equipment and a roof constructed. Seventeen new workshops were built and launched in the shortest possible time. As a result, on the site of the former Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, the largest machine-building plant for the production of military equipment and under the code name "Tankograd".

Officially, on October 6, 1941, the enterprise became known as the Kirov Plant of the People's Commissariat of Tank Industry. Even after the end of the war, for twenty years Chelyabinsk residents produced their products under the Kirov Plant brand.

The production of tanks began with one or two per day, but soon this number was increased to twelve to fifteen. All workshops worked according to barracks conditions. In cold rooms, people worked for sixteen to eighteen hours, systematically undernourished and lacking sleep, with full dedication. No one left their places until they completed two or three norms for the shift. Truly, the essence and meaning of life for the plant’s staff were the words: “Everything for the front! Everything for Victory! The company’s specialists managed to put into production the assembly of heavy tanks IS-1, IS-2, IS-3 and KV. The Chelyabinsk Kirov Plant slowly became the country's main military supplier, producing the latest and best samples military equipment, without which it would be simply impossible to resist such a well-trained and equipped enemy as the German army. The ISs represented the best that the domestic heavy tank industry could offer. They harmoniously combine speed, armor and weapons. Lighter than the heavy German tanks, with thicker armor and a more powerful gun, they had no equal in maneuverability. After the ISs appeared on the battlefields, the command of the Third Reich forbade its tank crews to contact them in open battle.

In addition to heavy tanks, the plant produced the famous and widely used T-34, as well as the SU-152 (self-propelled guns). In total, during wartime, Tankograd produced and sent to the front eighteen thousand self-propelled artillery units and tanks various types, eighteen million ammunition blanks and forty-nine thousand diesel engines for tanks. Despite the tension of the situation, the engineering minds of the enterprise worked fruitfully, and during the war they created thirteen new types of self-propelled guns and tanks, as well as six types of diesel engines for these combat vehicles. For dedicated work and outstanding achievements, the plant’s staff was awarded the Red Banner of the State Defense Committee thirty-three times during the entire war period as the winner of the All-Union competition. Two banners were even left at the enterprise for eternal storage. On August 5, 1944, for its services in the development and production of new types of equipment and invaluable assistance to the army, the plant was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Order of Lenin. The plant's design bureau received the second Order of Lenin for achievements in the development and production of tank diesel engines on April 30, 1945.

At the end of the war, the work of the enterprise returned to a peaceful course, and on January 5, 1946, the plant produced its first post-war brainchild, the Stalinets-80 or S-80 tractor, which already used a closed cab. Since mid-July 1946, the company began mass production of this machine, indispensable for the post-war restoration of the economy, which was subsequently widely used not only in the development of fallow virgin lands, but also during the construction of the largest and most large-scale projects Soviet Union. By the way, of the entire fleet of machines that performed excavation work during the construction of the Volga-Don Canal, ChTZ tractors made up more than half of the available equipment and completed most of works

"Stalinets-80" or S-80

The S-80 had good thrust, a large power reserve and increased performance. The universal design was intended for different types works: agricultural, road, construction. The tractor was used as a bulldozer, a grubber, and there was even a swamp version with wide tracks. Having rightfully earned the title of national tractor, the S-80 tractor was used in creating canals, plowing fallow lands, and restoring farms. It was used until the mid-1970s.

Historical for the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant is the day of June 20, 1958, when the enterprise was finally returned to its original name. By that time, the plant had already mastered the production of the new T-100 machine, which in 1961 won a gold medal at an international exhibition. The T-100 tractor (popularly nicknamed “weaving”) was distinguished by a high level of comfort inside the cabin for the sixties; it had a soft seat, lighting, and forced ventilation. A number of machines of this type are still in use today. The tractor was produced by the company until 1963, when its improved model T-100M (108 horsepower), which was also awarded the highest international award in 1968, was introduced into production.

Tractor T-100

By 1964, ChTZ was already producing twenty-two models of the T-100M tractor, a significant part of which were machines with increased productivity and reliability for work in swampy areas, permafrost zones, and also on sandy soils. And back in January 1961, the Chelyabinsk plant launched into mass production a completely new type of diesel-electric tractors DET-250, with a power of three hundred and ten horsepower and subsequently awarded medals at international exhibitions three times (in 1960, 1965 and 1966 -ohm).

DET-250 is designed to work as a bulldozer or ripper. In addition, the equipment of a drilling crane machine, a hole drill, and a trench excavator can be attached to the tractor. The only tractor in the world (except for DET-320) with an electromechanical transmission. This is explained by the fact that the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant was unable to organize the production of machines with a hydromechanical transmission, and a mechanical one was considered inappropriate. Despite being overweight, low efficiency. and a complex cooling system, the electromechanical transmission of the DET-250 tractor has certain advantages over the hydromechanical one in cold climatic zones.

Without stopping the production of tractors, at the end of the sixties a major reconstruction of the enterprise began and its complete re-equipment in accordance with the new requirements of the time and preparation for the production of the new generation T-130 tractors. The construction of new facilities and reconstruction work at ChTZ received the status of an All-Union Komsomol construction project on May 26, 1970. And already on January 22, 1971, the plant received another award, the Order of Lenin, for excellent performance in fulfilling the tasks of the five-year production development plan. It was on the basis of this plant that on November 10, 1971, the first production association in the Soviet mechanical engineering industry, ChTZ named after. Lenin", which united four more production branches.

Tractor T-130

The T-130 tractor is a deep modernization of the T-100. These machines deserve mixed reviews. Compared to tractors of a similar class, they were easy to maintain, repair and inexpensive. However, the design of the T-130, “rooted” in the thirties, is seriously outdated. The mechanical transmission complicated control, the levers and pedals vibrated strongly, the semi-rigid suspension did not allow the engine's inherent traction potential to be realized, and the lifespan of the onboard clutches turned out to be very short.

On May 31, 1983, on the anniversary date of its creation, the enterprise received the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and on June 1, the first-born ChTZ and the first domestic tracked vehicle S-60 were installed on a pedestal on the square in front of the plant. To coincide with the golden date, the plant’s specialists also timed the production of the world’s first heavy-duty tractor T-800, used for dismantling rocks in especially difficult conditions where explosives are powerless. A significant day for ChTZ was November 3, 1984, when the millionth tractor bearing the company’s markings rolled off the production line. And September 1988 was marked by another unusual achievement: the T-800 bulldozer-ripper was entered into the Guinness Book of Records for the highest productivity and gigantic size.

Bulldozer-ripper T-800

The T-800 is the largest tractor produced in Europe. A total of ten of them were produced. The nominal thrust force is seventy-five tons, the maximum is up to one hundred and forty, the engine power is more than eight hundred horsepower. The total weight of the T-800 is more than one hundred tons. The giant was baptized during the construction of the South Ural Nuclear Power Plant and during the reconstruction of Magnitogorsk. The machine performed tasks where no other equipment could function in principle. When trying to deliver the T-800 to diamond mining in Yakutia, the platform of Aeroflot's most powerful aircraft, the Antey, fell apart, unable to withstand its weight. Subsequently, the tractor was delivered by the Mriya superliner.

Started in 1992 new stage in the life of ChTZ. First, on April 30, the Government of the Russian Federation decided to privatize it. Then, on October 1, by decision of the shareholders meeting, the production association became URALTRAK OJSC. But three and a half years later, on April 27, 1996, the same meeting decided to change the name to Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant OJSC. Difficult situation in the country, incorrect financial policy, despite the demand for the company’s products on the market, led in 1998 to the recognition of ChTZ as bankrupt and its complete reorganization. However, the legendary enterprise managed to survive; after the changes, a new machine-building giant appeared on the market, called ChTZ-Uraltrak LLC.

Every year improving the produced model range machines, the plant's products are constantly awarded honorary titles and awards. At the exhibition of international significance “URALSTROY – 2000” held on September 25, 2000 in the city of Ufa, ChTZ tractors received the 1st degree Gold Cup. And two years later, at the end of July 2002, the country's first regional shopping center, ChTZ-URALTRAK LLC, opened in Perm.

The celebration of the seventieth anniversary of the plant took place in a solemn atmosphere on June 1, 2003, when a whole column of cars, in which all produced in the different times tractor model enterprise. Both the already legendary S-65 and later modernized brands of tractors took part in the parade of tractors. Among the samples of military equipment one could see both the “old man” T-34 and those in the arsenal of the modern Russian army BMP-1 and T-72. The column moving along the main street of Chelyabinsk gave city residents the opportunity to see with their own eyes the engineering vehicles, wheeled and small-sized equipment produced by the plant. Subsequently, this interesting exhibition was installed on a prepared demonstration site, which was visited by several tens of thousands of residents and guests of the city within a few days.

ChTZ products have received recognition abroad, and certain vehicle models are exported. July 25, 2003 for his contribution to strengthening friendly relations economic relations between Vietnam and Russian Federation the President of this Socialist Republic decided to award the plant staff with the Order of Friendship. In May 2009, ChTZ-URALTRAK became the “Best Russian Exporter of 2008” among mechanical engineering enterprises, confirming this title a year later.

Certain models of tractors created at ChTZ have repeatedly become winners of a competition well known among domestic producers entitled “100 Best Products of Russia”: in December 2004, this honor was awarded to the DET-320 model, in December 2010 – to the T13 tractor and PK-65 loader, and in 2011 – to the B-8 bulldozer. In addition, the enterprise itself was awarded for the high quality of its products. Another evidence of recognition of the plant’s authority was the election general director ChTZ V. Platonov to the post of head of the committee of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in July 2006.

DET-320

Bulldozer B-8

It is curious, but the good “deeds of the enterprise for the benefit of humanity” were also noted by Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II, who in June 2008 decided to award ChTZ with the Order of the Holy Blessed Prince Dmitry Donskoy.

Receiving a European quality certificate for one of the equipment models produced by the company (B11 bulldozer) in June 2009 and a labor protection certificate in June 2010 opened the way for ChTZ to the European Union market with the possibility of organizing joint production. The result of fruitful cooperation with Italian partners was a mini-foundry launched in September 2010. And in January of the same year, the company began testing the latest bulldozers using the GLONASS satellite navigation system.

Bulldozer B11

In March 2011, the Uralvagonzavod corporation acquired controlling interest ChTZ shares (63.3%), which together with the shares already owned by this enterprise amounted to about 80%. The agreement between UVZ and ChTZ was rightly called the “Deal of 2011”. The main direction of production of the plant as part of UVZ was the production of road construction equipment for civil use. Thus, today ChTZ is one of the largest production associations Russia, which can offer Russian and foreign consumers not only high-quality tractors, bulldozers and engineering machines, but also high-capacity pipe layers, vibratory rollers, loaders and diesel engines, as well as diesel generator sets and diesel hydraulic stations, spare parts for tractors own production, mini-tractors and utility vehicles. In recent years, the plant’s products have become familiar not only in the former Soviet republics, but also in sixteen foreign countries, including states Eastern Europe, Vietnam, India, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates and many others. Large export orders for foreign countries, as well as internal orders from Rosleskhoz, oil and gas corporations, allowed the enterprise to finally solve all financial problems and resume hiring personnel for the first time in many years.

Sources of information:
http://chtz-uraltrac.ru/news/topics/233.php
http://www.bronetehnika.narod.ru/stalinec-60i65/stalinec-60i65.html
http://www.t-magazine.ru/Reviews/HISTORI_CHTZ/
http://www.minpromtorg.gov.ru/special/65/6