The most profitable agricultural business. Agricultural business: ideas

Maintaining household- these are the daily chores of the rural population, but they can be turned into stable income. This is not as simple a matter as it might seem, therefore, in order to make money on your farm, you need to decide on the direction and draw up a detailed business plan.

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Business Description

Not only rural residents, but also people who have a small plot of land or utility room are thinking about how to make money on their farm.

Economic business can be called:

• breeding of domestic animals;
• growing vegetables and fruits;
• beekeeping;
• food preparation.

Which one to choose depends on your capabilities and desires. If there is a suitable room for keeping livestock and a place to store feed, take up livestock farming. If you have a plot of land, grow a garden, vegetable crops, or create a flower garden.

Products and services

The resulting product, which will generate money, depends on the choice of the range of activities. Thinking about an idea home business, pay attention to all possible sources of income from it. This may be the business object itself, products made from it, or services provided with its help.

Breeding animals will bring the entrepreneur such products as:

• meat;
• leather;
• feathers;
• eggs;
• milk.

From the listed raw materials, leather, fur and down products can be made, as well as sour cream, butter and other food products. Both offspring and adult animals generate income. By growing vegetables and fruits, you can sell the harvest, planting material and products from them. Beekeeping produces honey, wax, propolis, which are highly valued on the market.

Relevance

All more people begins to appreciate a healthy lifestyle, in particular, healthy eating. Therefore, the relevance of housekeeping as a way to earn money is increasingly increasing.

Not everyone has the opportunity to have a household to eat healthy food. Some people don't want to do this, but still appreciate homemade products. Therefore, there is always a demand for farm products, but it varies everywhere.

Activities Options

When choosing a type of activity, rely not only on the existing conditions and opportunities, but also on your knowledge and experience. After all, in every case there are features that you need to know.

The most famous things to do in the village are:

• livestock farming;
• agriculture;
• beekeeping.

Other types of entrepreneurship are less common:

• mushroom cultivation;
• breeding fish, crayfish, worms;
• production of feed or fertilizer.

About different options for activities with personal experience on the video of the channel “We live well. Life in the village and self-sufficiency."

Livestock

The choice of livestock for breeding determines the availability of a sales market, maintenance conditions and the cost of the down payment.

The simplest type of livestock farming is quail breeding. What you will have to spend money on is cages, food, veterinary medications and the purchase of young animals. Chickens begin to lay eggs after six months, quails after a month. Broiler meat can be sold after only 3 months of cultivation.

It’s even easier to buy an incubator and sell chickens, ducklings, and goslings. But this type of activity is seasonal.

Larger animals - rabbits, pigs, goats - already need hay for the winter. To do this, you need a hayloft or other storage room.

The most expensive and difficult to raise is the cow. But at the same time, milk and dairy products will find their buyer in any city or village.

Beekeeping

This is a very popular and promising way to earn money. Many enterprises buy honey from private beekeepers. The beekeeper's net profit is about 50% of the initial costs for the year.

But here you cannot do without an experienced specialist, since the craft of a beekeeper is not taught anywhere. Such knowledge is given only with experience.

Growing vegetables and fruits

The main direction of growing a vegetable garden is the use of greenhouses. Since they bring the most profit out of season.

In greenhouses you can grow seedlings for sale, and then vegetables a couple of times a year. This way you can significantly increase your income.

Separately, it is worth highlighting the cultivation of strawberries. This berry is well appreciated by buyers and can be harvested several times a year.

Bird Farm Beekeeping Growing large cattle Growing strawberries in a greenhouse

Description and analysis of the sales market

The success of business development largely depends on the sales market and consumers. Not everyone will buy chicken meat or milk the same way. In addition, it is necessary to gain the trust of customers and cope with competitors. Therefore, before starting your business, analyze the market and potential customers.

Target Audience

The ideal option for starting a business is to have a regular customer: a store, a food processing plant, etc. In this case, you only need to organize the work in such a way that the consumer’s needs coincide with the manufacturer’s capabilities.

If you plan to sell products yourself, keep in mind that the needs of different segments of the population differ from each other. If chicken eggs they use it in the city in great demand, then in rural areas There are chickens in almost every yard. Therefore, it is better to do this business in the suburbs, not far from large settlements. But chickens are in greater demand in the countryside.

Competitive advantages

To stand out from your competitors, pay great attention to product quality and variety. It is more profitable for people to contact the manufacturer for young animals and immediately purchase good food for raising them. If you grow vegetables, fruits or vegetables, freeze or pickle them for the winter.

This will help not only beat competitors, but also increase client base and income.

Promotion and advertising

You should start advertising and promoting your farm even before it opens. Chat with wholesale buyers and processing enterprises. Regular advertisements in stores, markets and other crowded places will also be useful.

How to open and what is needed for this?

Those who have already decided on the choice of type economic activity often don't know how to open it correctly personal business and what you need to do to make good money. The answer is different for each individual case.

There are several common aspects that all businessmen face:

• registration of permits and certificates;
• search for premises;
• purchase of equipment and tools;
• selection of suitable personnel.

In addition, you need to find and purchase planting material or young growth, fertilizers or feed, and much more.

Required documents

To work at a high level, have good clients and get more profit, you need to officially register your farm.

To do this you will need:

• business registration;
• obtaining certificates about the condition of animals and vaccinations;
• obtaining a certificate from the SES;
• obtaining permission from fire safety authorities.

In some cases, this list may be supplemented or decreased.

Search for premises

The size and type of premises depends on the type and volume of activity. You can grow livestock in a small area, but for greenhouses you will have to allocate a large plot of land.

To save on rent, small animals can be housed in tiered cages. The location of the premises also affects the cost of rent: the further away from large settlements and junction stations, the lower the rent.

Premises requirements

The main requirement for the premises is required area. The amount of work and total earnings depend on it.

Please note that individual species animals do not fully develop in close quarters; others, on the contrary, must grow in small cages. On average, livestock farming requires an area of ​​10 acres, and greenhouses - about 100.

Purchase and installation of equipment

The list and quantity of equipment and tools is different in each case. The cheapest option would be to purchase farming tools. Although, if there are large areas, it is impossible to do without vehicles for cultivating the land and harvesting crops.

In the case of livestock farming, equipment will be required to facilitate working conditions or to automate it, for example:

• bulldozer equipment;
• rope-scraper type installations;
• scraper conveyors;
• milking machines.

To store food you need separate refrigerators or freezers.

Staff

It is impossible to run a business alone; this requires workers with experience in this industry.

Each specialist must engage in a certain type of work. One person is responsible for growing, the second is for harvesting and processing products, the third is responsible for selling finished products and finding customers. Due to this, labor productivity increases.

Step by step instructions

Before starting his own business, a farmer needs to draw up an accurate business plan, which will include all initial expenses, monthly investments, calculate possible earnings and the payback period for the event. Such planning will allow you to correctly allocate funds and time to open a business.

Action Guide:

1. Analysis of the sales market, your preferences and capabilities.
2. Choosing a direction of activity.
3. Preparation and execution of documents.
4. Selection and equipment of premises.
5. Land preparation.
6. Purchase of fertilizers, equipment, feed.
7. Team recruitment.
8. Advertising development and promotion.

Financial plan

• initial costs, including paperwork, rent of premises, purchase of equipment, raw materials and other things;
• monthly expenses;
• estimated profit over a period of time based on calculations of the cost and quantity of goods.

Regular expenses

In the process of developing a farm, there is always a certain list of costs that must be met monthly:

• rent;
• purchase of feed, fertilizers and other consumables;
• staff salaries.

When calculating a business plan, these costs affect the profitability and payback period of the enterprise.

Approximate investments, profits and payback periods

Opening dates

Calculate opening dates together with your business plan. Consider possible unforeseen situations with the supply of equipment or arrangement of the premises. Collecting all permitting documents also takes some time.

Risks and payback

The main risks are animal diseases and adverse weather conditions. A businessman practically cannot influence them, but he can try to foresee them and take them into account in the development plan. Many branches of agriculture do not require large expenses, and their payback occurs within a year. The prospects of the business also lie in the fact that the demand for high-quality agricultural products is only growing every year.

It’s even more difficult with plans: so far only THOUGHTS OUT LOUD: rent a 200-300 hectare of agricultural land for 3 years.
prepare the land - at the expense of the future harvest
fertilizers - from grain
no equipment - rent for grain
There are no warehouses - rent for grain or sell from the field.
There are no people - but how many are needed? I don’t know, at least an agronomist and a technical engineer + a couple of workers.
Also
allocate up to 20 hectares for growing vegetables (potatoes, carrots, onions, etc.),
up to 20 hectares for animals (cows, chickens, quails, pigs, lambs, etc.)
there are also thoughts about a mini slaughterhouse, a greenhouse, a refrigerator, grain and sunflower oil processing and much more... even producing biofuel) and pallets

Oh, that’s a lot to write, but I’ll try to keep it short:

1. Lease for 3 years is not enough, the risks are huge, weather, force majeure, ruble exchange rate, grain prices, etc. You won’t get anything back in 3 years;
2. The future harvest must be insured - this is also money;
3. Fuel and lubricants will cost you a pretty penny, and so will renting equipment;
4. Selling from the field is not an option for large volumes; a warehouse is needed. In the case of grain, there is also a current; trading from the field is not an option at all;
5. For 20 hectares of vegetables you need a couple of dozen people, not four, as you wrote;
6. 20 hectares of vegetables - it is necessary to establish sales so that they can be distributed to retail outlets immediately after harvest;
7. 20 hectares for animals - except for sheep, it’s cheaper there to build a pen for them. For the rest - ancillary buildings, winter maintenance premises, etc. - a pretty penny;
8. Providing animals with feed - with 20 hectares you will feed a very small livestock on an industrial scale, plus the feed must be stored somewhere, therefore - again premises;
9. A mini-slaughterhouse is a good thing, but it makes sense in conjunction with the production of meat products on site. Now the realities are such that in many places they simply do not allow small businesses to organize slaughterhouses; instead, they are sent to a slaughterhouse;
10. Greenhouses are a good thing, on a scale of at least 20 acres of covered surface. But the costs here are also high, plus mechanization is needed - at least to renew the inside of the earth every few years;
11. Biofuel - I can’t say anything here;
12. Pallets or pellets? If pellets and there is a source of suitable raw materials nearby, it’s quite a small business. If pallets, that is, Euro pallets, are also normal, but there you will have to buy equipment worth one hundred to one hundred and fifty thousand: a good compressor, drum nailers, nails, hoses. Again - the premises and the sales market.

You can do anything, the question is the exhaust. You were absolutely rightly advised - start with a dozen chickens. Just keep accurate calculations of the costs of feed, bedding, fertilizing, etc. I think you will be very surprised when you understand what’s what. Now, in order to compete with agricultural holdings, you need to have similar volumes and also be able to hide your conscience in your pocket. Well, or go towards “eco” products.

Own business is a real salvation for residents of villages and small towns, since in rural areas it is very difficult to find a good high paying job. In this article, we will look at some worthy business ideas in agriculture from scratch, which allow you to earn good money.

Production of feed mixtures

According to experts, a mini-workshop for the production of compound feed is one of the most profitable ideas business in rural areas from scratch. In modern realities, such production can provide high income with minimal financial investment.

Advantages:

• High demand for products;
• Ease of business organization;
• Profitability is above 70%.

You will have to spend approximately 400 thousand rubles on equipment for the production of compound feed at home. The basic kit includes a grain crusher, mixer, scales and a granulator press.

So that the enterprise brings good income, you need to find permanent markets. The more finished products you sell, the higher your profit will be. Feed mixtures can be sold to intermediary companies, zoos, as well as farms and private households. The production of compound feed is the most best way how to open a business at home in the countryside.

Packaging of cereals

Don’t know how to start a business in a village from scratch? Since many companies in rural areas are engaged in the production of cereals, why not open a business packaging them? This is an intermediate link in the movement of goods from the manufacturer to store shelves.

The scheme of such a business is quite simple. You purchase products in bulk at a low price, package them in original packaging and sell them under your own brand. In addition, you can package bulk products on order for other companies. Many agricultural enterprises that process seasonal products do not want to buy packaging equipment in order to save money, so they order packaging to third parties. If you are interested in which business is the most profitable in the village, please contact special attention for this area of ​​activity.

To work you will need the following equipment:

• Thermal packaging machine with dispenser – 50–200 thousand rubles;
• Sealer - costs about 20–60 thousand rubles;
• Consumables – 20–30 thousand rubles.

If you can find good markets sales for finished products, the initial financial investment will pay off in 1.5-2 years. In the future, you will get a stable business that will bring you constant profit.

Dried fruit production

Modern people care about their health, so they try to eat environmentally friendly natural products that have not been canned or frozen. In this regard, dried fruits have become in high demand among domestic consumers. The production of such products is a highly profitable and quite promising business that brings good income in any economic conditions.

The most important advantage of this business idea for villages and villages is that it does not require significant financial investments. Equipment for the production of dried fruits will cost you 800-1000 dollars. The cost of a production line depends on its functionality and technological equipment. It is not worth saving on the purchase of equipment, as this can lead to a large number defective products and, accordingly, to significant material losses. In addition, an automatic production line will allow you to save on wages for hired workers.

All initial investments pay off within one year, after which you can expand your business, that is, open fruit processing workshops throughout the region. Any person, regardless of age and education, can organize such a business in a village from scratch in Ukraine.

Production of fuel briquettes

The demand for environmentally friendly fuel is growing every day, so if you are looking for options on how to start a business in a village from scratch, pay special attention to production fuel briquettes.

Any waste can be used as raw material for briquettes:

• Foliage;
• Shavings;
• Lump wood waste;
• Cereal husks;
• Straw and so on.

On the Internet you can find many advertisements in which companies offer to pick up wood waste for free. Thanks to this, you can significantly save on the purchase of raw materials. The purchase of equipment for the production of fuel briquettes will require 1.5 million rubles. The wholesale price of 1 ton of products is approximately 4–5 thousand rubles. If you manage to find free raw materials, the profit percentage of the total turnover will be approximately 40%. An enterprise that produces 160 tons of briquettes monthly pays for itself in 6–8 months. This is the most profitable rural business that can be organized in any region of our country.

To save money at the start, purchase domestic equipment, which costs much less than imported analogues. But if you want to enter the European market with your products, you will have to purchase high-quality equipment from foreign manufacturers. But this can be done later, when the company reaches a good, constant income.

Flour production

Bakery products are bought always and everywhere, so the demand for flour remains stable in any economic conditions. If you want to organize profitable business in the village, try to start producing flour.

Main consumers of flour:

• Retail retail chains;
• Bakery factories;
• Confectionery;
• Bakeries;
• Catering establishments.

Equipment for flour production is not cheap. You will have to pay about 1 million rubles for it. Another 300 thousand rubles will be needed to purchase raw materials. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the costs of transportation, repairs to the premises and wages for workers. Net monthly profit small enterprise is approximately 200 thousand rubles. If you establish regular sales, the invested money will be returned in 9–10 months. To ensure that the enterprise operates without interruptions, enter into several agreements for the supply of grain and the sale of finished products. Over time, you can expand production and the range of products. This will allow you to increase the profitability of the enterprise.

Farming

In all countries of the world, farming is considered one of the most accessible and profitable areas entrepreneurial activity. In Russia, it has not yet become widespread, so beginners can easily find their niche in this industry.

IN lately, the state began to provide comprehensive support to small businesses in the field of agriculture. Aspiring entrepreneurs who decide to work in this area can receive subsidies, subsidies and tax breaks. In this regard, many businessmen became interested in how to make good money from this?

Most important point in organizing such a business is the choice of direction of activity. Experts believe that at the formation stage, it is most profitable to organize a mixed subsidiary farming.

As for investments, their volume depends on what exactly you want to do. In any case, you must understand that own farm- These are long-term investments that begin to make a profit 9-10 months after opening a business. It’s best to start if you have 1–2 million rubles in your pocket. In this case, you will quickly make a good profit. If you do not have such a large capital, you can start small, for example by growing vegetables or raising poultry. The most important thing is to distribute correctly cash flows. When you learn to do this, the farm will flourish and expand.

Conservation

Opening a workshop for preserving vegetables and fruits as a business idea in the village in your home may seem unpromising and too banal. But with more detailed consideration one can understand that with the right approach, the production of home canned food can turn into a fairly profitable business.

Almost everything farms are faced with the problem of selling finished products. Vegetables such as beets, potatoes or carrots can be stored for a long time, but peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes or green peas need to be sold within a certain time. Therefore, a mini cannery is the most profitable business in the countryside, which has the following advantages:

• Cheap raw materials;
• Possibility to download production capacity 100%;
• Low production costs.

Mini production line cost cannery fluctuates between 1–2 million rubles. If you are not able to invest that much money in a business, you can start canning vegetables at home from your own garden. All you need for this are glass jars with screw-on lids and simple labels printed on a printer. Finished products You can sell it at the market or sell it in bulk to stores and catering establishments.

Livestock

In our country it can bring good profits if you minimize all risks and can achieve maximum profits. Before doing this, you need to calculate the profitability of the business and conduct a thorough market analysis.

The most popular areas in livestock farming:

• Pig farming;
• Rabbit breeding;
• Poultry farming;
• Sheep breeding;
• Raising bulls for meat and more.

You can engage in such activities in any area. The main enemy of entrepreneurs who decide to engage in livestock farming is high competition. Therefore, many beginners refuse such an idea, because they are afraid that they will not be able to withstand serious competition and will suffer serious losses.

In addition, livestock farming requires large capital investments. Money will be needed to purchase breeding stock and build a farm. If you watch a video of a rural business from scratch on the Internet, you will see that successful livestock farms are equipped with modern, expensive equipment. Investments in this business pay off within 3-5 years. If you are ready to invest your capital on such long term, you can safely take up this matter.

Poultry farming

Many experienced entrepreneurs claim that this is a fairly profitable line of business, which is divided into several industries. We will look at some of them in more detail:

Turkeys

You can earn good money. The profitability of such a business reaches 98%. Some breeds of this bird require special conditions. Pay special attention to this when choosing young animals for rearing.

One dozen turkey eggs costs 15 dollars, a kilogram of turkey meat costs 7 dollars, chickens can be sold for 3-3.5 dollars. One turkey produces approximately 200 eggs per year. If you keep a herd of 500 heads, the profit will be quite impressive. Raising turkeys for meat is the most best option for those who are interested in what business in the village is profitable to organize at home.

Breeding partridges

Business involves the domestication of birds living in wildlife. They provide her with comfortable living conditions in order to receive meat and eggs. Experts have differing opinions regarding this type of activity. Some believe that there is nothing complicated in this matter, while others are confident that raising partridges is a complex and quite labor-intensive process. In fact, this is a very interesting and profitable business that brings good income to its owners. Restaurants and individuals are happy to purchase partridge meat. This product is considered a real delicacy and is highly valued for its gastronomic qualities.

Video on the topic Video on the topic

Breeding pigeons

Are you interested in what kind of business to start in the village from scratch? The simplest option that is available to everyone is. This branch of poultry farming is considered amateur because it is impossible to derive much profit from it. Pigeon farming in our country is often done for personal pleasure. But in Western countries there are entire factories for the production of dietary poultry meat. Domestic consumers most often buy pigeons for weddings, competitions and simply for beauty.

This business will not bring you much income, but it will be quite suitable as an additional part-time job.

Breeding laying hens

The main goal is to obtain eggs for sale. Any person can do this kind of work, since it does not require special knowledge and large financial investments. One laying hen produces about 300 eggs per year. Finished products can be sold on the market or delivered to stores. Homemade eggs are always in great demand, so such a business will bring stable high profits.

Geese breeding

If you want to organize, you should remember that without large investments you will not be able to generate much income. Geese do not require special care, but at the same time, if you do not provide them with comfortable living conditions, you should not expect noticeable profits. You can earn good money from a goose flock only if it is pastured. This is a very profitable business, but it takes a lot of effort and time.

Conclusions

We looked at several business ideas from scratch in rural areas. Choose the appropriate option for yourself, which can be implemented in the most short terms. If you have knowledge and experience in a certain area that requires significant financial investments, do not hesitate. Feel free to start your own business, and you will definitely succeed.

Many novice businessmen are confident that there is nothing simpler and more profitable than agriculture: in their opinion, it is enough to plant several hectares of land with any popular crop to make a huge profit. In fact, in terms of the complexity of organizing and coordinating production processes, a medium-sized farm approaches an industrial enterprise, and their planning is a necessary condition for successful business activities.

Therefore, it is very difficult to draw up a full-fledged business plan for a farm: in fact, the entrepreneur must develop a separate project for each type of agricultural activity, and then link these documents together and harmonize them with each other. Moreover, in the process of work, he will have to take into account such unpredictable values ​​as average yield, animal productivity, survival of young animals and daily feed consumption. Therefore, experienced farmers recommend calculating several scenarios to ensure that the enterprise will have a sufficient margin of safety for a negative set of circumstances.

Business Features

City dwellers most often imagine a farming business as an enlarged version of a subsidiary farm, in which all possible species run around the yard poultry, goats, sheep, cows and pigs graze in the meadow at the same time, and any vegetables grow in the beds, from potatoes to eggplants. This opinion is only partly true: indeed, mixed-type farms are more viable and resistant to changes in the market situation, but their creation requires the involvement of a huge amount of financial and human resources.

Therefore, entrepreneurs starting a farming business from scratch limit themselves to one or two popular areas, concentrating all their efforts on them. The remaining types of activities are of a non-core nature and are intended rather to satisfy personal needs or form a food supply than to make a profit.

However, even in this case, farming work cannot be called easy: animals and plants require constant, sometimes round-the-clock care without holidays, vacations and weekends. Since it is almost impossible to cope with so many tasks alone, entrepreneurs have to look for voluntary or hired help. For this reason, a small farming business is considered a family enterprise: a person who is personally interested in the productivity of his work will work much more efficiently than an outside specialist.

Beginners who have no experience in agricultural activities often believe that growing plants, like raising animals, are industries that, in principle, cannot be unprofitable. However, in reality, these types of activities are accompanied by many risks and difficulties - for example, before starting a farming business from scratch, you need to consider that:

• Work processes have a pronounced seasonal nature, and the first income cannot be expected earlier than in 8–9 months;
• Yields, market saturation and the level of competition are affected by unpredictable weather factors;
• The demand for certain types of products is dictated by fashion trends;
• It is impossible to predict an increase or decrease in the level of prices for raw materials, seeds, fuels and lubricants, feed and fertilizers.

It should be understood that it is impossible to form an objective picture of the agro-industrial sector based on shortcomings and risks alone. Therefore, when developing a business plan for the development of a farm, it is also necessary to take into account the presence of the following positive factors:

• There are many programs to support the agricultural industry, providing tax breaks, payment of subsidies and grants, free allocation of land, compensation for the costs of setting up peasant farms and purchasing seed;
• With growth market prices the company's income increases for products;
• Hundreds of different directions are available to a beginning entrepreneur, and in some you can open a farming business with minimal investment;
• Peasant farm products are considered essential goods and are in constant market demand.

Registration of activities

Studying, it can be noted that a peasant farm is an analogue of an individual entrepreneur or LLC, which is created by one or more able-bodied citizens for the purpose of producing, processing and selling any agricultural products. Taking into account the family format of the enterprise stipulated by law, it is allowed to include:

• Spouses, their parents or children, brothers and sisters, as well as grandchildren, grandparents from a maximum of three families;
• Other able-bodied citizens who are not relatives of the founders of peasant farms, up to a maximum of five people.

Future members of the farm must hold a meeting of founders, agree on the charter of the enterprise and elect its leader, and also form the authorized capital of the peasant farm by contributing monetary or material assets totaling 10,000 rubles. The result of such a meeting of all participants is the conclusion of an agreement on the creation of a farm, containing such information as:

• Passport details of farm members;
• Decision on choosing the head of the peasant farm;
• Distribution of rights, duties and powers between its members;
• The procedure for the formation of common property, the rules of ownership and disposal of it;
• The procedure for joining and leaving the association;
• Principles of distribution of farm income.

A peasant farm can be created even by one person, who automatically becomes its head. In this case, the procedure is significantly simplified: due to the absence of other co-owners, there is no need to form an authorized capital and enter into an agreement.

How to start a business: a farm is considered legitimate by the fact of carrying out not only the specified events, but also state registration SPD. This procedure includes paying the state fee, submitting the agreed package of documents to the Federal Tax Service, registering with the Pension Fund of Russia and opening a current account.

Choosing a direction

When looking for an idea farm business the state does not limit the entrepreneur in any way - it is enough to remember that the main features of agriculture are the natural nature of production and the possibility of reusing the resulting product in technological process. Simply put, the cultivation of cucumbers belongs to this category, but their processing and canning no longer does. within the framework of a peasant farm:

Growing crops. When choosing specific types of plants, you need to take into account the climatic characteristics of the region, the nature of the soil and the presence of demand in the local market. Peasant farms are most often cultivated:

• Cereals and grains - corn, millet, wheat, rye and barley, sunflower;
• Vegetables - tomatoes, cucumbers, beets, cabbage, carrots, potatoes;
• Fruits - pears and apples, plums, apricots and peaches, strawberries, melons;
• Greens - celery, onion, garlic, lettuce, sorrel, dill, parsley;
• Mushrooms - white mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, champignons, honey mushrooms.

Livestock and poultry farming. The popularity of the data is due to the demand for meat, milk, eggs, fluff, wool and skins. A farm can breed:

• Birds - chickens, turkeys, ducks, quails, exotic ostriches and peacocks;
• Ungulates - cows, pigs, goats, bulls, sheep, horses;
• Fur-bearing animals - rabbits, nutria, minks, chinchillas;
• Fish and crustaceans;
• Bees, worms or insects for food.

Related business. When raising cows, farmers receive additional income from processing milk into cottage cheese, sour cream or butter, and raising animals for meat allows you to diversify the range of products with smoked meats, sausages and semi-finished products. You can also consider a business option such as a farm products store: having your own outlet will help create an audience of regular customers and increase demand. The main condition for maintaining the status of peasant farms in this case is the structural limitation of profits: the share of income from additional activities should be no more than 30% of the total amount.

To simplify organizational processes, a budding entrepreneur can use one of ready-made business farm plans or order its development from one of the specialized companies. At the same time, the following areas are considered the most accessible and in demand among beginners:

• Poultry farming. First of all, we are talking about meat, the meat of which, at an affordable price, is one of the best in taste, and eggs are used in 80% of recipes for meat dishes and desserts. In addition, to raise 500–1000 birds, large premises are not needed, and feed consumption does not exceed 100 g per day for each adult;
• Pig farming. With intensive methods, after 7–8 months the animals reach a marketable weight of 110–120 kg: a small farm of 100–200 animals in this case pays for itself after selling only two or three offspring. At the same time, growing grain and vegetables yourself allows you to additionally save on the purchase of feed and increase the profitability of the enterprise;
• . This type of business is easy to start with keeping a small herd and gradually increase the number, offering customers such popular products as milk, cheese and wool. Thanks to the small size and unpretentiousness of animals, you can save on building a farm, and the omnivorous nature of animals allows the use of any food supply;
• Sheep breeding. involves making a profit from the sale of wool, lamb, fur and healthy sheep's milk. A significant disadvantage of this type of activity is the need to allocate sufficiently large areas for pastures;
• Cattle breeding. Even a small herd of 5-6 heads allows you to earn up to 30,000 rubles monthly from the sale of milk and dairy products. Bulls are successfully raised for meat: already at the age of 12 months, an animal weighing up to 400 kg can be sold for 25–35 thousand rubles;
• Vegetable growing. Entrepreneurs who have invested in the construction of heated greenhouse complexes receive three harvests annually and recoup millions of dollars in investments in less than two years. However, even by growing garlic in open ground you can earn about 900 thousand rubles in a year.

Search for a site

The process of creating an agricultural enterprise begins with the search for a fertile plot of land, the size and type of which depend on the chosen type of activity. For example, it does not involve the use of large production areas, while growing wheat or potatoes is unprofitable on a scale of one or two hectares. To choose the right location for a farm, you need to take into account the following factors:

• If it is necessary to deliver over long distances, the cost of production increases significantly, so it is better to look for a site near large cities;
• If possible, avoid proximity to industrial enterprises and look for land in areas with good environmental conditions;
• A prerequisite is that the site must be connected to electrical networks and water supply;
• The livestock farm must have hay meadows and areas for planting grain, which will allow creating its own food supply;
• The required pasture area is calculated based on grazing standards for certain types of domestic animals;
• The presence of natural reservoirs on the site allows you to additionally engage in raising geese or fish farming;
• When adding an apiary to the farm, it is advisable to locate the hives close to the main growing areas of honey plants.

The cost of acquiring land is limited only by the financial capabilities of the entrepreneur - for example, a business plan for a farm may include the following options for obtaining a plot:

• Purchase (land cost starts from 7,500 rubles per hectare);
• Long-term lease (average rate - from 400 rubles per hectare per year);
• Free use of municipal lands with subsequent transfer of ownership if certain conditions are met.

Premises and equipment

The next step in setting up a farm is preparing production premises. Of course, sometimes there are plots of land with ready-made buildings on sale, but their cost is usually frankly inflated, so an entrepreneur, as part of a business plan for a peasant farm, most often has to include the costs of setting up a farm from scratch. When listing the composition and purpose of the main structures, the following should be mentioned:

• Granaries and vegetable storages;
• Silos and sheds for storing hay;
• Manure pits;
• Premises and enclosures for animals and birds;
• Utility rooms, repair shops;
• Premises for slaughter and cutting of livestock and poultry;
• Greenhouse complexes.

The specifics of agricultural work require the use of certain equipment, which is conventionally divided into two groups: equipment that helps mechanize labor-intensive production processes, and devices used to provide comfortable conditions for keeping plants and animals. It should be noted that you cannot do without equipment at all: even such a simple business as one requires the purchase of incubators, brooders and cage batteries for chicks. In general, the following can be used on a farm:

1. Tractor with a full set of attachments;
2. Truck;
3. Diesel power plant;
4. Irrigation system with pumps;
5. Special lighting devices;
6. Heating system with gas or solid fuel stoves;
7. Ventilation systems for farms and greenhouses;
8. Refrigeration chambers for vegetables, fruits and meat;
9. Drinkers, feeders, water tanks;
10. Devices for preparing feed - grain crushers, feed cutters;
11. Standard agricultural tools.

Heavy equipment can be rented at the initial stage, and as the business develops, potato harvesting and combine harvesters, harrows, mowers, cultivators.

Staff

Most aspiring entrepreneurs at the start prefer to make do on their own and with the help of family members. However, as the enterprise develops, the volume of current tasks increases significantly, as a result of which there is a need to attract not only qualified specialists, but also working personnel. For example, a business plan for a peasant farm specializing in livestock and crop production should include searching for and hiring:

• Agricultural technology, whose responsibilities include planning sowing and harvesting, monitoring compliance with plant growing technology;
• Zootechnics, which compiles the diet and feeding standards for animals, controls the conditions of their keeping and breeding;
• Veterinarian to monitor the health of animals and birds, vaccination and treatment, as well as to issue accompanying documents for products;
• A butcher involved in slaughtering livestock and cutting up carcasses;
• An accountant who conducts financial transactions at an enterprise;
• Drivers, combine operators, field workers, milkmaids.

Marketing methods

After harvesting, the farmer has to solve a less difficult task: look for quick and profitable ways to sell his products, which, given the short shelf life, sometimes turns into a real problem.

Depending on the production volumes of peasant farms, you can choose retail or wholesale distribution channels. The first include:

• Weekend fairs. Special events, the fashion for which has appeared in the capital, collect huge amount citizens and entrepreneurs. Here you can sell any agricultural products, with the exception of homemade meat and dairy products;
• Food markets. Many buyers are confident that markets sell better quality and natural products than supermarkets. With small and medium production volumes, farmers rent one or several points here, hire distributors and deliver fresh goods daily;
• Own retail outlets. Availability within reach large city makes you think about the feasibility of developing a business plan for a farm products store and consider the possibility of opening your own vegetable pavilion here or butcher shop. In such retail outlets You can sell not only your goods, but also the products of other peasant farms.

Selling meat, milk or vegetables in bulk is much easier, since in this case the farmer does not have to spend time and resources on such non-core activities as finding a place to sell, obtaining permits and selecting sellers. The only drawback of this method is pricing policy buyers: in order to interest contractors, the entrepreneur is forced to provide them with a 25–35% discount, which is not always justified for farms with low profitability.

Main wholesale clients Peasant farms are resellers, retail chains, supermarkets and catering establishments. In addition, you can regularly sell fairly large volumes of products using such sales channels as:

1. Specialized exhibitions. Such events are often attended by intermediaries, representatives of wholesale companies and processing enterprises in search of new partners, so a high-quality presentation of their products and farming capabilities will allow them to conclude profitable long-term contracts;
2. State and commercial tenders. State, educational and medical institutions, as well as processing enterprises, are searching for suppliers on a competitive basis. To win the tender, the entrepreneur must guarantee regular supplies of the agreed quantity of products of the required quality at a competitive price;
3. Wholesale markets. You can also find clients at wholesale food markets and vegetable stores. Some farmers rent their own warehouse here, others hand over their goods for sale to local resellers;
4. Electronic platforms. There are many people working on the Internet trading platforms, where not only farmers, but also suppliers of fertilizers, seed, and equipment post their offers. Such electronic exchanges allow you to quickly find counterparties with the best offers.

Video on the topic

Investments and income

All other things being equal, mixed farms have certain advantages over specialized ones: even if the demand for one type of product falls, they avoid significant losses by selling other goods. However, to create such a large enterprise, at least large investments, therefore, for beginning entrepreneurs, the optimal path of development would be the implementation of two or three of the most popular business ideas with a phased coverage of related areas in the future.

In the process of designing an agricultural enterprise and determining the scale of investment, it is also necessary to take into account that the farmer will receive his first profit in 5–10 months at best. Thus, he will have to not only purchase equipment, seed and young stock, but also constantly purchase additional fertilizers, feed, fuel, and pay for public utilities. Summarizing the above, we can make a list of farming expenses:

• Acquisition of land and construction work;
• Purchase of equipment and agricultural machinery;
• Ordering seed or young stock;
• Payment for supplies of feed, fuel and fertilizers;
• Staff salaries;
• Rent of heavy equipment (if necessary);
• Payment of utilities;
• Tax payments;
• Marketing expenses;
• Product certification.

Thus, the cost of creating a medium-sized peasant farm from scratch reaches 7–10 million rubles. To reduce this amount, some entrepreneurs start by purchasing a small plot of 25–40 acres in the countryside, on which residential and utility buildings have already been erected. Using this area, you can open the following types of business:

Types of agricultural business

Direction	Investments, rub.	Profit, rub.	Payback period
Beekeeping	350000	600,000 per year	8 months
Pig breeding	600000	450,000 per year	18 months
Breeding crayfish	550000	450,000 per year	15 months
Rabbit breeding	1800000	500,000 per year	36 months
Nutria breeding	200000	250,000 per year	12 months
Geese breeding	380000	600,000 per year	12 months
Chicken breeding	650000	450,000 per year	18 months
Guinea fowl breeding	300000	270,000 per year	12 months
Quail breeding	450000	75000 per month	6 months
Turkey breeding	550000	600,000 per year	12 months
Growing cucumbers	1200000	600,000 per year	24 months
Growing champignons	850000	75000 per month	11 months
Growing oyster mushrooms	250000	30000 per month	9 months
Growing Garlic	150000	900,000 per year	12 months
Growing vegetables	400000	510000 per year	12 months
Growing green onions	280000	150000 per year	24 months
Growing Potatoes	700000	350,000 per year	36 months

Conclusion

Many enterprising people try their hand at areas close to agriculture: some are engaged in agriculture, others set up a greenhouse in their own apartment and sell indoor plants, others purchase summer cottages and plant garlic or herbs there. In such a situation, a gradual transition to full-time farming is logical.

However, one cannot rush in this matter: despite high profitability, similar business sensitive to mistakes and miscalculations of beginners: it is enough to purchase seed of questionable quality or use the wrong fertilizers to lose the entire harvest. Therefore, only a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical experience will help an entrepreneur create a successful farm.

Russia is the largest country in the world. The area of ​​agricultural land in our country is huge. The only problem is that more than 90% of these lands are located in risky farming areas. Such climatic conditions mean that when running an agricultural business, there is a fairly high risk of incurring losses in the event of unfavorable climatic conditions. However, in recent years, Russia has taken first place in the world among grain exporters and is confidently moving towards complete self-sufficiency in food products.

Of course, most of the successes of agriculture in our country in recent years are associated with large agricultural holdings. Only large, mass industrial food production can ensure extremely low cost of final products. Does this mean that small businesses in agriculture are doomed and have no prospects? Of course not! On the contrary, throughout the world and in Russia in particular, there is growing interest in products produced on small farms and peasant farms. Consumers are not afraid high prices for such products.

Today, despite the general decline in the rural population in Russia, there is an increase in interest in agricultural production among the economically active part of the urban population. This is due to a host of social, economic and psychological factors, discussion of which is beyond the scope of this article. But one of these factors cannot be ignored. Investing money in land is the most reliable way, if not of increasing, then of preserving capital.

How much land do you need to have to engage in agribusiness?

Agricultural production is closely linked to the land. Therefore, any project in agriculture starts from the ground. How much land do you need to own (lease) for an agricultural business to be profitable? It all depends on the type of activity you choose.

If for profitable cultivation Since grain crops require hundreds of hectares, a successful rabbit breeding farm can be located on several hundred hectares.

Breeding animals requires smaller areas, but it should be borne in mind that a significant cost item is the purchase of feed. Therefore, having your own feed base significantly increases the profitability of a business. If you are not tied to a specific plot of land, then when searching for it you should consider the possibility (and desirability) of further development.

Poultry farming is promising business, despite the presence of huge poultry farms. Modern industrial technology ensures low production costs, but consumer confidence in its quality is low. If you have five to eight hectares of land for growing feed, then you can guarantee the consumer that the poultry meat is grown on feed of the appropriate quality.

So, let's try to consider the agricultural business in terms of opportunities quick start and making a profit as soon as possible.

Livestock and poultry farming

Poultry farming

Poultry breeding is a common activity for rural residents. Many entrepreneurs start their business by obtaining poultry meat and eggs. This type of business requires minimal start-up costs. Already 50-100 heads of poultry not only provide a family of 4-5 people with meat and eggs, but also bring some income. But this, of course, is not yet a business, but a subsidiary farm. The business starts with 500-1000 birds. What types of birds are bred in Russia today? Here is a short list of them, in increasing order of potential profitability of cultivation:

Naturally, the given order is nothing more than a very rough guide. If the business is run correctly, raising chickens may well turn out to be more profitable than breeding ostriches.

In poultry farming, two main directions should be distinguished. This is the raising of poultry for the purpose of obtaining meat and eggs and the raising of purebred young animals for the purpose of sale. The latter type of business is usually carried out by experienced poultry farmers and our article is not for them.

When raising poultry for meat and/or eggs, 90% of current costs, excluding wages, accounts for feed and energy resources (fuel, electricity, gas). Let's consider an example of a business plan for agriculture for raising poultry (chickens) in the absence of its own feed supply. Let's take a poultry house for 1000 birds as a basis.

Let us immediately note that the most appropriate way is to raise chickens on such a small farm in order to produce meat and eggs.

Raising broilers in such a farm can hardly compete with the industrial method. At the same time, growing environmentally friendly products can bring sufficient income.

When growing organic products, you should not raise poultry in cramped conditions. The area per head should not be more than 1 m2. Thus, we will need a poultry house with an area of ​​200 m2. You can build such a poultry house yourself. In this case, capital costs will be about 200,000 rubles. Capital costs include the initial purchase of chickens. You shouldn't skimp on this. The costs will be about 100,000 rubles.

The area for such an object, taking into account auxiliary buildings, will be about 500 m2, that is, 5 acres. An additional plot of 50 acres will provide the livestock with vitamin feed. In a year, such a poultry house can produce about 3,000 poultry carcasses with an average carcass weight of 1,800 g. That is, the sales volume of meat will be about 5,500 kg. Egg production will be 100,000.

If the price of meat is 150 rubles per 1 kg, the proceeds from its sale will be 825,000 rubles. The proceeds from the sale of eggs, at a price of 40 rubles per dozen, will be 400,000 rubles. Thus, the total sales volume is 1,250,000 rubles.

Growing 1 kg of meat in such conditions requires 7 kg of feed, which will amount to 577,500 rubles at a price of 15 rubles per kilogram.

Electricity consumption for year-round cultivation will be 20,000 kWh or 80,000 rubles at a price of 4 rubles/kWh. Transport costs 50,000 rubles. Veterinarian services 20,000 rubles. Other expenses 40,000 rubles. So, running costs per year (rounded):

• feed - 580,000 rubles;
• electricity – 80,000 rubles;
• Fuel and lubricants – 50,000 rubles;
• veterinarian services – 20,000 rubles;
• other – 40,000 rubles.

Total current costs – 770,000 rubles. Income will be:

1250000 – 770000 = 480000 rubles

Thus, the return on capital investment is less than 6 months. Profitability (excluding wages of hired personnel):

This figure is typical for raising poultry on small farms. The presence of a feed supply increases profitability to approximately 100%. That is, the income from such a farm will be 600 - 700 thousand rubles per year.

Livestock

Livestock farming in Russia is traditionally based on growing:

In some regions, horses are raised for meat.

Livestock farming is a more complex business than poultry farming, both in terms of animal care and capital costs.

Unfortunately, in our country, purchase prices for milk are low, which significantly affects the profitability of keeping cattle. The solution here is to organize the production of final products - butter, cottage cheese, cream and cheese.

Having your own food supply creates optimal conditions for raising pigs. Profitability here can reach 80-90%, and the income from maintaining 50-100 animals can be a million rubles.

The apparent high benefits of raising rabbits (due to their extreme fertility) are very deceptive. Their maintenance is very difficult and their feeding requires fresh vitamin feed.

Crop farming, growing vegetables, herbs and berries

Crop production in our country is highly seasonal. In addition, climatic conditions are such that it is profitable to grow tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, onions and other heat-loving vegetables only in the southern regions of the country. At the same time low prices for such products in these regions during mass ripening, require the use of large areas, very high quality planting material and industrial technology.

However, growing onions and, especially, garlic, even in small plots, brings high income. In the southern regions of the country, growing melons and melons on rented areas is popular.

There are crops, the cultivation of which in cultural conditions is not traditional for our country, but, nevertheless, is very promising. These include:

• peanuts, which grow well at the latitude of Tambov and Samara;
• gymnosperm pumpkin;
• cranberry;
• blueberry.

You can talk about growing grains only if the sown area is hundreds of hectares. Therefore, all business ideas in field-oriented agriculture are focused mainly on greenhouse farming or growing berry crops.

A segment of the crop production market that has not yet been mastered by small businesses is the cultivation of seed. Our country today is critically dependent on the import of seeds and seed potatoes. Despite the complexity of such a business, it is a promising platform for investment.

Greenhouse farming

Growing vegetables in greenhouses is very profitable business. A significant part of the greenhouse products on the shelves of our country is of foreign origin. The huge size of Russia leads to high transport costs for the delivery of imported products and to their low quality. Therefore, despite the harsh climate, high costs energy for heating premises, growing tomatoes and cucumbers, even in Siberian conditions, is very profitable. Tomatoes and cucumbers grown here successfully compete with products from the Central Asian republics.

In most regions of our country, greenhouses must be equipped with a heating system.

This not only leads to high capital costs during their construction, but also to high energy consumption. However, a properly constructed greenhouse using natural gas, turns out to be quite cost-effective.

We list the crops that are promising for growing indoors:

• greens of all kinds;
• tomatoes;
• cucumbers;
• sweet pepper;
• eggplant;
• strawberry.

Open ground berry crops

Growing berry crops open ground has traditionally enjoyed success in our country. A well-organized cultivated plantation of good varieties of raspberries brings income up to 25,000 rubles per hundred square meters. Remontant varieties bear fruit from mid-summer to late autumn and ensure a uniform supply of berries to the market.

Other popular berry bushes include currants (red and black) and blackberries.

To very promising species business includes growing hazelnuts and hazelnuts.

Aquaculture

Pond fish farming has long proven profitable in our country. Modern technologies make it possible to artificially grow not only traditional varieties of fish, such as carp, grass carp bream and others, but also to produce industrial scale sturgeon caviar.

A very promising, but underdeveloped type of small business in our country is crayfish farming. There are plenty of reservoirs that are suitable for such activities in Russia, and the profit is significantly higher than traditional pond fish breeding.

Ideas for small business in the village

In this article we will talk about best business ideas in rural areas (TOP 10), including with minimal investment.

Alas, many do not know what to do in the village, and what kind of business is easiest to open from scratch in the village, while the village has been actively developing in recent years and becoming more attractive and promising for aspiring entrepreneurs.

Electronics and household appliances repair service

Almost every person has mobile phone, many families have a computer and various household appliances, and when this equipment breaks down, they have to take it to the nearest city for repairs, which is not always convenient, especially if you do not have a personal car.

Therefore, opening a service for repairing small electronics and household appliances – one of the most relevant business options today in villages with several thousand inhabitants (in small towns and villages this business will not be profitable - equipment does not break down every day).

To start this business in a village, you need an investment of about 30 thousand rubles, provided that in the most difficult cases you will redirect the equipment to the city for repairs, and the net profit will be about 45-60 thousand rubles per month.

Rural tourism

Rural tourism has gained enormous popularity over the past few years. all over the world, including in Russia.

The main thing that is required for breeding - a large area on which a special pond will be built. Since crayfish are unpretentious in food and care, maintaining comfortable living conditions for them will not be difficult.

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The arrangement of the reservoir and the purchase of crayfish will cost 100-115 thousand rubles; an additional investment of up to 50 thousand rubles will be required in equipment. Net profit will be about 300 thousand rubles. in season.

Additionally you can earn, if you supply boiled crayfish to various establishments, but for this you will have to purchase additional equipment.

Veterinary clinic

The first thing that comes to mind when it comes to organizing a business in a village is veterinary clinic. After all, every villager has pets (goats, cows, sheep) and poultry (chickens, ducks, turkeys and others). The demand for such services in villages is quite high, and competition is minimal.

Investments in opening a small veterinary office will not exceed 40 thousand rubles, and the profit can reach 30-45 thousand.

What could be easier than opening a small shop for the village? Sale of food products, household chemicals, household items for which villagers are forced to go to the city, can bring excellent income.

Investments in such a business do not exceed 200 thousand rubles, and the profitability can reach 50-60 thousand rubles. per month.

Of course, not all of them are listed here. all business ideas in rural areas, which will be relevant in the next couple of years. But they are quite enough to capture the general vector - the enterprise must be in demand, while having minimal competition.