“Labor tariffs in construction” . Organization of labor in construction, violation of safety rules, industrial sanitation, fire safety, labor discipline, etc.

Labor rationing is the establishment of a measure of labor costs for the production of a unit of product or the production of a quantity of product per unit of time under certain organizational and technological conditions. Labor regulation is the basis for production planning, labor organization and wages. You should begin to develop technically sound production standards for a technological process only after making sure that there are no existing standards for it. To do this, the collections of ENiR (unified standards and prices) and VNiR (departmental standards and prices), as well as MNiR (local standards and prices) in related construction organizations are carefully reviewed. If such norms exist, there is no need to develop a new norm.

In connection with the standardization of working time, the concepts of production labor standards are introduced: labor intensity, worker time standards, labor costs and output.

The labor intensity of construction and installation work is the amount of worker labor expended in rational production conditions to produce high-quality construction products. Labor intensity is measured in man-hours or man-shifts per unit of production.

Standard time for workers - the amount of time established to complete a unit of production by workers of the relevant profession and qualifications, working at proper organization labor and production. Time standards are measured in hours or shifts per production meter.

The norm of labor costs is the amount of labor costs established to complete a unit of production by workers of appropriate qualifications with the correct organization of labor. Labor cost standards are measured in man-hours or man-days per unit of product measurement.

Production rate is the amount of quality products produced per unit of time by workers of appropriate qualifications working under the required conditions. Production rates are measured by physical units of products produced over a period of time (hour, shift).

When designing technically justified standards, working time costs during a shift are divided into two groups: normalized (operational and preparatory-final work, costs of technological breaks, rest, personal needs) and non-standardized (direct and hidden losses of working time).

The method of normative observations is based on obtaining the values ​​of labor costs using visual observations carried out at workplaces. During observations, the costs of labor or time are recorded and at the same time the significance of factors influencing changes in the labor intensity or duration of elements of the standardized process is noted, and the quantity of completed products is measured.

Regulatory observations differ in the extent of coverage of the regulated process, the method and accuracy of recording working time and labor costs, as well as the form of product measurement. Observations are recorded manually on forms. There are the following forms of visual observations: photo accounting (mixed, graphic, digital) - covers all types of working time spent during a shift with an accuracy of time recording of up to 1 minute, differs in the nature of recording time and labor costs by process elements and the number of workers; timing (selective, cyclic, continuous) - characterized by the individual nature of time recording for each standardized process element with increased recording accuracy of 0.1... 1 s, differs in the duration of the shortest process element (up to 10 s); technical accounting - carried out according to an enlarged nomenclature of elements with a group recording of time and labor with a recording accuracy of 5... 10 minutes, etc.

The value of the norm of labor costs is ultimately determined by empirical dependencies based on data obtained as a result of normative observations. The calculation of the price for the implementation of the accepted unit of the process meter is made by multiplying the average hourly tariff rate of the unit by the full value of the labor cost standards. The tariff rate is the main element of the tariff system - the basis for organizing wages. According to this system, for each worker skill level, a rank with a corresponding hourly wage rate is established. The average hourly tariff rate of a unit is determined (for a six-bit grid) using the formula
C av = (C1n1+C2n2+…C6n6)/(n1+n2+///+n6), where C1, C2,…, C6 are hourly tariff rates according to the current tariff schedule;n1, n2,…,n6 - number in the level of workers of I, II,…, VI categories.

In construction, depending on the type and nature of the work performed, the possibility of accounting for it and evaluating it based on the time spent, two forms of remuneration are used (piecework and time-based).

Piece wages provide for such payment in which the worker receives wages depending on the amount of work he performs and the established piece rates per unit of good-quality products, expressed in physical units (m 2, t, m 3, etc.).

Teams of teams and individual workers can be awarded, first of all, for the timely completion of production (standard) tasks and delivery of work, the quality of projects that meet the requirements of SNiP, as well as for the fulfillment of other performance indicators provided for by the bonus regulations. The bonus amount is up to 40% of the piecework earnings.

For piece workers, a piecework wage system is recommended, which provides for the issuance of a piecework task to the team for a technological stage, complex or facility as a whole, approved by the head of the construction organization, indicating the start and end dates of work, the cost of working time, the amount of wages and the specific amount of the bonus. The cost of working time and the amount of wages are determined on the basis of consolidated and complex norms and prices or for construction. The bonus is paid from the wage fund in the amount of 40% of piecework earnings. When performing work on technological re-equipment and reconstruction of existing production facilities or on a rotational basis the bonus amount increases to 60%, and at individual construction sites it is established by appropriate decisions.

Violations of the project requirements and SNiP committed by the team must be eliminated within the calendar period according to the unit assignment without additional payment. The distribution of the bonus in the team is made according to the assigned categories, time worked, taking into account the labor participation coefficient.

Time-based wages for completing an established task provide for wages to the worker for the time actually worked at the current tariff rates, depending on the rank assigned to him. Such payment is applied if there is no price for this type of work or it is impossible to take into account the latter. For completing set tasks on time or ahead of schedule or for uninterrupted maintenance of production areas, crews, machines, subject to the fulfillment of the monthly plan, temporary workers may be awarded bonuses in the amount of up to 40% of the tariff rate, paid from the payroll of the construction organization.

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BPOU PA "Omsk College of Transport Construction"

Specialty 270802 “Construction and operation of buildings and structures”

Course work

On the topic: Rationing and remuneration of labor in construction.

Completed by a student of group 3-21P

Sharova I.S.

Checked by: Kalashnikova G.N.

1.2 Content, essence and functions of labor regulation in construction

1.3 The meaning, objectives and principles of labor regulation

2. Organization and payment of labor in construction

3 . Quantitative characteristics of personnel

4 . Qualitative characteristics of personnel

5 . Workers' wages. Brigade and tariff-free system

6 . Labor productivity

Literature

rationing labor construction payment

1. Essence, functions, content, objectives and significance of labor regulation in construction

1.1 The emergence and development of labor regulation

Rationing labor - a social phenomenon. It is generated by the development of production and science and is subject to the objective economic laws of the method of production on the basis and within which it is carried out. Throughout the history of pre-capitalist forms economic relations used simplest form setting costs - lesson. A lesson is a norm that must be completed within a certain period of time. The size of a given lesson was based on individual work experience and often developed spontaneously I. Morozov. Scientific organization and regulation of labor at construction enterprises. Donetsk “NEDRA” 1994 p. - 111.

The development of manufacture caused such an organization of production in which the technological process of creating products turned from an individual into a collective process. It was divided between big amount executors for partial (working) processes. The division of labor made it necessary to establish lessons for individual types of work and for the professions of workers. Ensuring the continuity of the production process required coordinating the labor productivity of individual jobs and subordinating them to a single pace of work.

The first documents on the standardization of labor in the construction sector in our state date back to 1843. The published “Task Regulations for all general work carried out in fortresses, civil buildings and hydraulic structures” was the first generalization of work experience. The “Lesson Regulations” formulated the conditions for determining a lesson: the physical strength of the worker; degree of skill for work; number of workers per day.

In the process of development of the capitalist mode of production based on machine industry at the end of the 19th century. the prerequisites were created for the emergence of technical labor regulation. Its founder was F. Taylor. He set the task of establishing a lesson based on engineering calculations with a detailed study of labor processes element by element (analytical method). The division of the labor process into its component parts (operations, techniques) allowed him to find a combination of techniques that made it possible to perform work with the highest labor productivity. Until 1918, the “Ural Regulation” continued to operate. In 1909, M.M. writes about the productivity of workers in the construction industry. Protodyakonov in the article “Bricklayer’s Productivity.” In conditions of manual labor using primitive tools, labor productivity was significantly low. The goal is to present the worker’s labor productivity as a function of a number of factors, i.e. in the form of a formula by which you can establish the value of the norm for any specific conditions. MM. Protodyakonov returned to the issue of rationing after 1909 construction work.

IN modern conditions There is a new labor standardization system in place, based on the provisions:

Labor standards must be established on the basis of scientific data, taking into account the progress of technology;

The production of maximum output with a minimum of labor input should not be achieved on the basis of excessive intensification of labor and deterioration of working conditions;

All our achievements in the field of labor organization and rationalization of production must be reflected in labor standards;

Labor rationing in construction has become the basis for piecework wages, a means of measuring the work of individual workers and regulating wages within the enterprise.

1.2 Content, essence and functions of labor regulation in construction

Essencerationinglabor- establishing an objective amount of working time spent in specific conditions. For various types and the nature of useful labor, these costs find their expression Vstandardslabor: standard time, standard production, standard maintenance, standard equipment productivity, standard number of employees.

Men in practical activities to create use values ​​always deal with concrete useful labor. Therefore, the subject of labor rationing is the process of concrete useful labor, i.e. conscious, purposeful activity man to create the use values ​​he needs for life.

Mainfunctionsrationinglaborare: distribution by work, scientific organization labor and production, production planning, assessment labor activity individual workers and teams, which serves as the basis for moral and material incentives and dissemination of best practices.

Planning production must improve, but for this it is necessary to know exactly the magnitude of all elements of the production process and have a reliable tool for measuring them. Such an instrument can only be a labor standard, which objectively determines the necessary costs for the production of products (or work) for specific conditions. Consequently, rational production is impossible without labor standards.

· study and analysis of working conditions and production capabilities at each workplace;

· study and analysis of production experience to eliminate shortcomings, identify reserves and reflect best practices in labor standards;

· designing a rational composition, method and sequence of performing elements of the labor process, taking into account technical, organizational, economic, physiological and social factors;

· establishment and implementation of labor standards;

1.3 The meaning, objectives and principles of labor regulation

BasictasksrationinglaborconsistVvolume to justify the necessary and sufficient amount of working time spent per unit of production in specific conditions; design sustainable work practices; systematically analyze the implementation of labor standards to reveal production reserves; constantly analyze the implementation of labor standards to reveal production reserves; constantly study, generalize and disseminate production experience, revise labor cost standards as working conditions change. Solving these problems will make it easier for workers, increase labor productivity and increase production volume. Labor regulation is the basis of the scientific organization of labor. Without well-founded labor standards, it is impossible to organize and fight for all-round savings in working time. Using the methods used in labor standardization, losses and unproductive costs of working time are identified. By studying labor movements, the most economical, productive and least tiring methods of work are developed. This contributes to increased labor productivity. Further improvement of labor organization is impossible without improving its standardization.

Also, labor regulation is the basis for organizing wages. The establishment of labor standards has the goal of guaranteeing society a certain labor productivity, and the employee a certain level wages. Based on the fulfillment of labor standards, the work activity of each employee is assessed and his work is paid. Without rationing of labor, the implementation of the economic law of distribution according to labor is impossible.

Rationing labor is important means organizations construction production. Organization of production is management of the process of production of material goods, i.e. establishing interaction between labor force and means of production to achieve maximum economic effect in specific conditions. Through the organization of labor, the influence of labor rationing on the organization of production is manifested.

Scientifically based labor standards make it possible to evaluate the results of the labor activity of each employee, each team and compare their results. It is only through comparison that the leaders and the laggards are identified.

Scientifically based labor standards, correctly reflecting specific conditions, ensure increased labor productivity. If labor standards are too low, they can give rise to complacency or pessimism, which negatively affects productivity results; if labor standards are too high, they are unfulfillable. In both cases, labor productivity growth will be slowed down. Thus, all changes in the organization of labor and production, technology and work technology are reflected primarily in labor standards. And the level of labor standards is an indicator of the level of organization of production and labor at the enterprise.

Labor rationing is the basis of labor planning. For long-term, current and operational planning, a whole system of standards is used: standards for material consumption, fuel energy, standards for machine productivity, standards for working time. Thus, labor standards play an important role in the system of standards used in enterprise planning. Drawing up a labor plan and establishing labor costs in accordance with the volume of production is impossible without scientifically based labor standards. The greater independence of enterprises in matters of labor planning increases the interest of teams in the implementation of scientifically based labor standards.

MainprinciplesrationinglaborVconstructionbecome: division of labor, scientific organization and planning of labor and production. Taking into account the social significance of labor standardization, economists and organizers of construction production in our country, when establishing labor standards, refer to socially normal production conditions that ensure the average intensity of labor and the preservation of the main productive force of our society - working people. It is believed that the established labor standards must be fulfilled by every qualified worker without any harm to his health. Therefore, the basis for labor standardization should be the following principles: scientific validity of labor standards; equal intensity of labor standards for identical work in identical conditions; preservation of the main productive force of society - workers; participation of workers in establishing labor standards. Labor regulation at a modern construction enterprise. Toolkit. - K.: CJSC “Accounting Bulletin”. 2002 s - 71.

The scientific validity of the standards is ensured by the fact that labor standards are established taking into account the requirements of the objective laws of nature and society and take into account natural, technical, organizational, economic, physiological and social factors. They must change as production conditions develop and change, and correspond achieved level technology, labor organization and production. The labor standard acts not only as a quantity necessary costs working time, but also as an expression labor responsibilities each participant in the production.

2. Organization and payment of labor in construction

Organizationlabor- these are methods and forms of connecting people and technology in order to achieve a beneficial effect of work activity.

Exists3 basictasksrelationshipslaborAndproduction:

Economic objectives - ensure improved use of labor resources, savings of all types of resources, increased labor productivity, improved quality and specifically the ability of construction products and production efficiency.

Psychophysiological tasks - limiting intensity, creating favorable and safe conditions, etc.

Social objectives are ensuring, increasing the content, variety and prestige of work, fair and adequate payment and discipline.

There are two main types of teams in construction:

Specialized - created from workers of one profession or specialty to perform homogeneous technological operations.

Complex - organized from different professions and specialties to perform a complex of technologically heterogeneous but interrelated work.

INbasisorganizationsAndpaymentlaborVconstructionlies:

Tariff system- is a set of standards with the help of which the level of wages of various categories of workers is regulated depending on qualification level, on the conditions, the severity of the intensity of the work they perform.

Tariff rates are the amounts of remuneration expressed in monetary terms for work performed, depending on its complexity or the qualifications of the employee per unit of working time.

The tariff schedule is a scale consisting of a certain number of tariff categories and corresponding tariff coefficients.

INconstructionexist2 mainformspaymentlabor:

Piecework is a form of remuneration for an employee, in which earnings depend on the number of units of production produced or the volume of work performed, taking into account the quality, complexity and working conditions.

Time-based - depends on the duration of work and the qualifications of the employee, regardless of the volume of work performed.

Piecework is divided into:

1) direct piecework;

2) indirect piecework;

3) chord.

Time-based is divided into:

1) simple time-based;

2) bonus.

Direct piecework wages - wages are determined by multiplying the volume of work and the prices.

Indirect piecework wages - used to pay auxiliary workers and depend on the output of the main production.

Lump-sum payment is a system in which payment is made for the completion of a set of works according to a lump-sum order issued before the start of work, which indicates: the volume of work, terms, beginning, completion of work, the amount of wages at an enlarged complex rate for the entire volume of work, depending on quality of work performed and reduction of standard time.

3. Quantitative characteristics of personnel

1) Payrollnumber- this is an indicator of the number of employees on the payroll on a certain date, taking into account those hired and retired on that day.

The movement of payroll employees is a change in the payroll number due to hiring and retirement for various reasons.

2) Appearancenumber- this is the estimated number of employees who must come to work to complete the production schedule, that is, the attendance number is the payroll number minus employees on vacation, business trips, etc.

3) Average salarynumber- determined for the month by summing the number of payroll employees for each calendar day of the month, including weekends and holidays, and dividing the resulting amount by the number of calendar days; this indicator is used to calculate labor productivity, average wages, and staff turnover.

We definenumberworkersenterprises:

Production and industrial personnel (PPP) - 120 people

Number of working days - 30

Number of holidays and weekends - 8

Fired - 24

Accepted - 45

1) Average number of staff members:

H average list = 3717/30 = 123 people

2) Absence from work for various reasons on weekdays:

Vacations - 342/22 = 15.5

Diseases - 237/22 = 10.8

Absences for valid reasons - 48/22 = 2.2 people

Absenteeism - 14/22 = 0.6 people

Total: 28.6

3) Turnout of workers on weekdays:

The average number of no-shows is 123-28.6 = 94.4 people

3) Payroll ratio:

To the list = 123/94.4 = 1.30

5) Frame movement:

To reception turnover = 45/123 = 0.36

To turnover on disposal = 24/123 = 0.19

6) Staff turnover rate:

To current frame = H uv. according to own + H for people / average List Compound

To current frame. = 24/123 = 0.19

Table 5

	Initial payroll	Frame movement	final payroll	Absences from work	Appearance number
					Vacation

4. Qualitative characteristics of personnel

It is determined by the degree of professional and qualification suitability of its employees to achieve the goals of the enterprise and the performance of work.

Basicoptionsqualitycharacteristics:

economic (complexity of labor, qualifications of workers)

· personal (discipline, skills, integrity)

· organizational and technical (technical equipment)

· socio-cultural (collectivism, social activity)

Balancepersonnel- This payroll at the beginning of the reporting period plus the number hired at the beginning of the reporting period minus those who left during the reporting period, the result is the number of employees on the payroll for the reporting period.

Fluiditypersonnel- characterized by the number of workers laid off due to at will or due to absenteeism.

Staff turnover rate:

Coefficientgeneralturnover- the ratio of the total number of accepted and dropped out to average number workers. CoefficientturnoverByreception- is determined by the ratio of the number of hired workers to the average number of employees.

CoefficientturnoverBydisposal- characterized as the ratio of retired employees to the average number of employees.

Coefficientconstancypersonnel- ratio of the number of employees in payroll all year, to the average number.

Coefficientexecutionpersonnel- the ratio of the number of people hired to the number of people who left.

Regularschedule- this is a document that is annually approved by the head of the enterprise and reflects the professional qualification structure of employees, indicating the position and salary.

5. Workers' wages. Brigade and tariff-free system

Brigadesystempaymentlabor- depends on the quantity and quality of construction and installation works carried out by the entire team.

FactorsKTU:

FactorsraisingKTU:

exceeding the average labor productivity in the team when
good quality of work;

growth of professional skills, application of theoretical and practical knowledge to improve the efficiency of the team;

initiative to master and apply progressive methods
labor, high-quality execution of production tasks;

activity in maximizing the use of equipment, introducing new technology And advanced technology;

systematic performance of work in related professions and professions of higher qualifications;

providing assistance to young workers in mastering a profession,
fulfillment of production tasks, etc.

FactorsdowngradingKTU:

low intensity, expressed as a lag from the general
team growth rate;

low professional level, negatively affecting
on the productivity and quality of the team’s work;

failure to fulfill specific production tasks and orders of the team leader, foreman and foreman;

mismanagement of material and energy resources
resources, their overuse;

violation of safety regulations, industrial sanitation,
fire safety, labor discipline, etc.

1. The breakdown of staff by groups and the actual time worked for the reporting month (calendar - 30 days; weekends - 9 days; working days - 21 days) see Table 1.

2. Certificate of main production indicators for the reporting month. see table 2.

3. Bonus indicators (from the full salary):

Piece workers:

For fulfilling the plan in kind - 30%

For exceeding the plan (+0.5% for every 1% of exceeding);

For exceeding production standards in physical terms (+1% for every 1% exceeding standards).

Table 1

	PPP staff by groups	Number	Number of actual outputs	Actual hours worked per person/shift
		payroll			Incl. weekend
1.	Workers: piece workers: masons, plasterers - painters, assemblers Part-time workers: electric mechanics welders crane operators transport workers carpenters carpenters drivers auxiliary workers Total workers (including temporary workers)	28 18 12 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 7	22 14 10 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 3	24 27 25 24 25 25 27 23 22 27 27	3 6 4 3 4 4 6 2 1 6 6	528 378 250 72 75 75 81 46 22 54 135
	AUP including: managers, specialists, employees Total AUP:
	Total PPP:

table 2

	The name of indicators	Unit	Plan	Fact		% completed	% growth to actual prev. lane
1.	Volume of construction and installation work, total: Incl. in kind: finishing work, masonry, installation of metal structures	Thousand rub. sq.m cubic meters	245,0 25000 4500	2930,0 26300 4800	+480 +800 +300	119,6 103,1 106,7	+15,4 +11,6 +12,4
	Number of PPP
	Production of PPP
	Compliance with production standards by piece workers: finishing work, masonry, installation and adjustment	sq.m/output sq.m/output sq.m/output			24,5 +3,09 +23,0	154,6 151,5 165,7	38,4 +34,8 +44,5
	Additional task (increase in construction and installation work)

The total amount of bonus payments should not exceed 50% of the salary at direct piece rates.

Time workers:

The total amount of bonus payments should not exceed 30%

Full wages at direct piece rates.

Salaries (engineers and employees):

For the implementation of the construction and installation work plan for the enterprise as a whole - 20%

For exceeding the plan - +0.5 for every 1% of overfulfillment;

For an increase in the production of PPP - for every 1% overfulfillment +1%

The total amount of bonus payments should not exceed 40%

FZP for AUP salaries.

4. KTU for a bonus and additional task:

Table 3

No.	State by group	Basic KTU	Current KTU
			Increasing indicators	Decreasing indicators	Final KTU
1.	Piece workers: masons, installers, finishers	0,34 0,50 0,04	0.03 per completion add. tasks. +0.05 reissue production standards	0.03 for non-issue additional tasks. -0.05 not fulfilled production standards -0.02 defects -0.03 absenteeism -0.02 TB
	Time workers		0.02 per completion additional tasks	0.02 for non-payment add. ass -0.05 decr. vyr. to base year -0.01 overext. mat

A) direct salary for the site as a whole (Zpr.):

Piece workers:

Zpr. (sd.) = fact. issue Slave. In kind Units/m. * piece rate

1. Finishers: 26000 sq.m. *RUB 1,333 = 34568 rub.

2. Masons (masonry): 4000 cubic meters * 79 rub. 365 rubles = 317460 rubles.

3. Installers (metal structures): 13500cub.m. * 38 rub. 095 rub. =514283 rub.

Total direct salary of piece workers: 866,311 rubles;

Time workers:

Zpr.(rev.) = Fact. exit retry * average tariff. Consumption rate

Zpr. (rev.) = 510 out. * 150 rub. (for 1 day off) = 76,500 rubles;

Salaries:

Zpr. (salary) = (all categories of AUP according to staffing) = 52,500 rubles;

Total direct salary for the site:

Zpr. (straight) = Zpr. (sl.) + Zpr. (rev.) + Zpr. (salary)

Zpr. (straight) = 866311 + 76500 + 52500 = 995311 rub.

B) Additional payment for work on weekends for all categories of labor training (paid double)

1) Finishers

(fund Zpr. Direct: number of Fak. Work. Out., people/cm.) * fact. Exhausted Exit Day * people Slave. On holiday Day = (34568: 378) * 6 * 11 people. = 6035 rub.

2) Masons (masonry): (317460: 528) * 3 days. * 7 people = = 12625 rub.

3) Installers: (514 283: 250) * 4 days. * 4 people = 32,912 rub.

TOTAL additional payment to piece workers for work on weekends will be

6118 + 14,204 + 32,912 = 53,234 rubles.

Time workers: (RUB 76,500: 510 days off) * 3 days. * 28 people = 12,600 rub.;

Salaries: (RUB 52,500: 445 days off) * 3 days. * 3 people = 1062 rub.;

TOTAL payment for work on weekends at the site: = 53,234 + 12,600 + 1062 = 66,896 rubles.

B) Bonus fund:

Piece workers:

1) finishers:

bonus for fulfilling the plan - direct salary * 30%;

bonus for overfulfillment fee - direct salary * (3.1 * 0.5 = 1.55%);

bonus for exceeding production standards = direct salary * (54.6 * 1.0) = 54.6.

Total % for all bonus indicators for finishers: 30% + 1.55% + 54.6% = 86.15% with a limit of up to 50% (according to bonus regulations): 86.15 - 50% = 36.15% is not taken into account for calculating bonus amounts from the payroll source. As a result, the bonus fund for the direct fund for finishing works for plasterers and painters will be:

Direct salary* 50% = 34,568 rub. * 50% = 17,284 rub.

2) Masons (masonry):

bonus for fulfilling the plan = direct salary x 30%;

bonus for exceeding the plan = direct salary * (6.7x0.5 = 3.35%);

bonus for exceeding production standards = direct salary x (51.5% * 1 = 51.5%).

Total amount % for weight bonus indicators for masons: 30% + 3.35% + 52.5% = 84.85% with a limit of 50%. As a result, the bonus fund for the direct fund of masons will be:

RUR 317,460 * 50% = 158,730 rub.

3) Installers.

The total bonus amount for installers will be:

514,283 * 50% -257,142 rub.

TOTAL bonus fund for piece workers will be:

17,528 + 178,571 +257,142 = 453,241 rub.

Time workers:

For exceeding the construction and installation work plan (0.5% x 19.6 = 9.8%);

For production growth (1% x 6.2% = 6.2%).

Total bonus percentage for time workers: 20 + 9.8 + 6.2 = 36%. Premium percentage limit 30% (36%).

TOTAL bonus fund for time workers will be:

76,500 rub. x 30% = 22,950 thousand rubles.

AUP warehouse workers:

For implementation of the construction and installation work plan - 20%;

For exceeding the plan - 0.5 x 19.6 = 9.8%;

For an increase in PPP production - 1% x 6.2% = 6.2%.

The total percentage of bonuses for AUP (from the full salary): 20 + 9.8 + 6.2 = 36%. With a limit of 40%.

TOTAL bonus fund for AUP will be:

RUB 52,500 * 36% = 18,900 rub.

TOTAL bonus fund for the site:

Piece workers (RUB 453,241) + time workers (RUB 22,950) +

AUP (18,900 rub.) = 495,091 rub.

D) Bonus fund to be paid taking into account the KTU (increasing and decreasing indicators):

1) Masons: basic KTU - 0.34,

exceeding production standards --- +0.05;

TB violation - 0.02;

absenteeism - 0.03.

Final KTU - 0.37 (0.34 + 0.03 + 0.05 - 0.02 - 0.03);

2) Installers: basic KTU - 0.50,

performance additional task CMR -- +0.03;

exceeding production standards -- +0.05;

absenteeism - 0.03;

TB violations - 0.02.

Final KTU -- 0.53 (0.50 + 0.03 + 0.05 - 0.03 - 0.02);

3) Plasterers and painters: basic KTU - 0.04,

completing an additional construction and installation task -- +0.03;

fulfillment of production standards -- +0.05;

defects in work - 0.02;

absenteeism - 0.03;

TB violations - 0.02.

Final KTU - 0.06 (0.04 + 0.03 + 0.05 - 0.02 - 0.03 - 0.02);

4) Time workers: basic KTU - 0.07,

completing an additional task -- +0.02;

absenteeism - 0.03;

TB violations --0.02.

Final KTU - 0.04 (0.07 + 0.02 - 0.03 - 0.02);

5) Salaries: basic KTU - 0.05,

completing an additional task -- +0.05;

production growth compared to the base year -- +0.05;

overconsumption of materials - 0.01.

The final KTU is 0.14 (0.05 + 0.05 + 0.05 - 0.01).

D) Bonus fund for payment taking into account the KTU for PPP groups :

Total bonus fund for the site x Final KTU for each group = Premium due for payment

for masons: 495,091 * 0.37 = 183,184 rubles. for installers: 495,091 * 0.53 = 262,398 rubles. plasterers and painters: 495,091 * 0.06 = 29,705 rubles. for time workers: 495,091 * 0.04 = 19,804 rubles. salary earners (AUP): 495,091 * 0.14 = 69,313 rubles. TOTAL accrued bonus taking into account the KTU by group: RUB 564,404.

E) Full calculation of wages for the site due to payment to employees for the reporting month.

Table 4

Average salary of PPP : (1,666,782: 107) = 15,577 rubles.

masons (513269: 28) = 18331 rubles;

installers (809,593: 12) = 67,466 rubles;

finishers (70308: 18) = 3906 rubles;

time workers (108,904: 28) = 3889 rubles;

Okladnikov (AUP) (122,875: 21) = 5851 rub.

6. Labor productivity

Performance labor- this is the amount of product in physical terms created by a worker per unit of time.

PerformancelaborVconstructionmeasuredthree methods:

1. cost (price);

2. natural;

3. normative.

1) Cost method:

Ssmr - estimated cost of construction works K and - number of employees

2) Percentage fulfillment of production standards:

V f - actual output V n.pl - standard planned output

3) Natural method:

Vn - worker's output in physical terms; Vn-- the volume of a particular type of work in natural measurements; H - the number of workers for this type of work.

4) Estimated production rate:

T cm - shift duration K h - unit strength N - labor standard

Literature

1. Avseenko A.A. Petrov Yu.N. Economics, planning and management in construction. M. 1990

2. Antonov A.M. Dinges E.V. Petrov Yu.N. under. Re. Garmanova E.N. Construction. Organization, planning, management M. 1998.

3. Avramov A.I., Raigorodskaya V.S. “Labor rationing in construction and road construction”: textbook / MADI (GTU). M., 2004.

4. Akimov V.V., Makarova T.N., Merzlyakov V.F., Ogai K.A. Economics of the industry (construction).

5. I.S. Stepanov. Economics of construction. M.: Yurayt, 2002.

6. I.V. Sergeev. Enterprise economy. M.: INFRA, 2003.

7. I.I. Sklyarenko, V.P. Prudnikov. Enterprise economy. M.: UNITY, 2003.

8. V.V. Zhideleva, Yu.N. Kaptein. Enterprise economy. M.: Finance and Statistics, 2003.

9. V.D. Ardzinov. Organization and remuneration of labor in construction St. Petersburg: Peter, 2004.

10. I.S. Turevsky. Economics of the industry. M.:INFRA - M, 2007.

11. V.A. Shvandar. Enterprise economy. M.: UNITY, 2003.

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The essence and significance of labor regulation. Scientific validity of standards taking into account the technical and technological capabilities of production. Establishing the required number of personnel as a form of standardization of working hours. System of standards and labor standards.

Working time structure. Time standards determine time spent on production processes, including in accordance with the structure of working time. Working time consists of work time and breaks; it happens productive standardized And unproductive . The normal operating time consists of operational (main –t main, auxiliary –t ref ), preparatory and final t pz And regulated breaks t reg

Operating time – time to complete a given job (operation). During main time the production process is carried out directly; during auxiliary time – organization and maintenance of production processes, transitions, transport work, preparation and repair of devices, safety precautions.

Preparatory and final time– time to prepare workers and means of production for the execution and delivery of work.

Scheduled breaks include rest time and time for personal needs, unavoidable technological and organizational breaks. Unscheduled breaks are connected by co-creations, departures, marriage corrections and others (for organizational and technical reasons).

Labor rationing in construction. Labor rationing – determination of labor costs (standard time) to carry out work (manufacture of a unit of production) individual workers, teams in specific organizational and technical conditions with normal labor intensity.

Labor rationing is intended for the development of production tasks, preparation and provision of production tasks, development of estimate standards, assessment of labor efficiency, design of labor processes, operational management of production, development of calendar plans, calculation of workers' needs and technical and economic planning.

The standards reflect a certain level of development of technology and production organization, taking into account the work experience of advanced workers.

There are cross-industry, sectoral and local regulations. Intersectoral standards are being developed to regulate labor in a number of industries, for example, standards that are common for construction and installation work, repairs, and loading and unloading operations; V sectoral industry generalized production conditions at industry enterprises are taken into account; local accepted at the enterprise.

The standards are divided into elemental, intended for standardization of labor for individual elements of the labor process, and enlarged, intended for a complex of organizational and technical related labor processes (methods, operations) and for enlarged units.

System of norms and standards in construction includes two levels: industrial And estimated .

Production standards establish the amount of labor costs, machine time and material consumption for working movements, working techniques and work operations. They are used for internal company accounting and control over the production process, organizing workers’ labor and piecework wages, determining financial costs and results in contracting organizations. Production standards are developed using technical standardization methods based on observations at the workplace.

Labor rationing is based on determining the necessary costs with the efficient use of resources while observing work and rest schedules.

In construction, a certain system of labor standards is used. Standard time (N time) - the cost of working time established for the production of products (work) under normal organizational and technical conditions by workers of the relevant professions and qualifications. It

expressed in hours per product unit

(works, operations) and is used when compiling piece rates:

N vr = N zt / Ch r,– where Нзт – labor cost rate – the amount of labor costs established for the production of a unit of product (work) in man-hours under normal organizational and technical conditions (for a link); N r – the number of workers in the link involved in the process. Production rate the number of products (works) that a worker of the corresponding profession and qualification must perform (produce) per unit of time with the effective use of the means of production under normal organizational and technical conditions. It is calculated in physical terms

With

taking into account the number of workers: N vyr = T/N vr, Where

T– the duration of the period of time in an hour for which the production rate is determined.

Standard time for workers

,

– inversely proportional to the production rate of the same workers. The percentage change in time standards is estimated depending on production standards. When production standards increase, a decrease in time standards is determined:

When production standards decrease, an increase in time standards is determined:

where are the indicators of change (increase, decrease) in time standards and worker production standards, respectively (%).– the amount of products produced by a machine per unit of time when used rationally. These standards are calculated per hour or shift.

In construction, the production rate indicator for mechanisms is used. The shift production rate is determined as follows:

taking into account the number of workers: T r.vr– number of working hours per shift; N mash is the rate of machine time spent per unit of work.

Service standard (N obsl)–this is the number of production facilities (workplaces, equipment), which a group of workers is obliged to service per unit of working time. The standard time for maintenance (N wr obsl) is established by calculation and is determined by the operating regulations of the equipment (according to its operating mode):

,

taking into account the number of workers: T cm – shift fund of working hours; N vr.obsl – used for the correct placement of workers in production when it is difficult to determine work regulations.

The staffing standard (N h) is the established number of personnel to perform any amount of work or perform a function:

,

taking into account the number of workers: P - the number of pieces of equipment (or units of work) serviced during a given time.

The controllability standard is the established number of employees reporting to a superior manager.

Production standards for labor consumption are used in compiling calculations of labor costs and wages for a set of works and in preparing work orders for workers. Based production standards for resource consumption are being developed estimate standards labor costs, machine time and material consumption. They are calculated by calculating the costs of the estimated meter. Enlargement and averaging allows you to limit the number of estimated norms. Estimated rationing provides for a deviation of average values ​​from the conditions of actual production, which limits their use for grassroots planning of teams.

Working time and use time construction machines. The design of production standards is carried out on the basis of a detailed study of working and machine time.

Machine usage time– duration of its operation during a shift . The preparatory and final time of workers is taken into account (t PZ ), operating time (t op ), time of regulated breaks (t regl ). Preparatory and final time includes the costs of receiving a task, instructions, obtaining materials and personal protective equipment, preparing the workplace, studying drawings, and at the end of the shift - handing over products, handing over tools, cleaning the workplace (2-16% of all costs). Operational work time is spent on completing tasks related to production technology and auxiliary operations; it also includes time for marking, verification, transitions of workers along the work front, time for monitoring technology and instruments (70–90% of all costs). The time of regulated breaks is spent on rest and personal needs of workers and unavoidable technological interruptions (5-30%).

Labor cost rate determined by the formula:

,

taking into account the number of workers: N pz – standard preparatory and final time for workers, %; t excellent – regulated breaks for rest and personal needs, %; t tp – unavoidable technological interruptions, %.

Standard time for workers is defined as follows:

N vrz = N zt / Ch z,

where H 3 is the number of workers.

Production rate for a link will be:

N sound = t cm H sound / N sound,

taking into account the number of workers: t cm – duration of the shift in hours.

Machine use time standards determine based on calculated (technical) its performance And designed elements of the time of use of the machine. For cyclic machines standard machine time per unit of final product will be:

,

at B = VN,

taking into account the number of workers: IN – output (productivity) per hour of cyclic operation; t reg, t n/cycle – design time spent on regulated breaks and non-cyclical work as a percentage of machine time; V – volume of work per work cycle; N – number of cycles per hour.

For continuous time machines standard time defined:

,

at B = Vcp,

taking into account the number of workers: P rvx– design time costs for auxiliary and idle operation of the machine, as a percentage of standardized costs; V cp – average amount of work per 1 hour.

The standard time for using a machine takes into account the time of operational work and regulated breaks in the operation of the machine associated with preparing the machine for work, technical care for it, technology and organization of the regulated process.

Methods for measuring working time costs. The object of standardization is production operation. When developing standards, the procedure for servicing the workplace and the degree of division of labor are determined.

TO methods for measuring working time costs relate timing, photograph of the working day, method of momentary observations.

Timing is the study of an operation by observing and measuring the amount of working time spent on performing individual elements in the manufacture of a unit of product.

Timing is carried out in relation to repeating elements of the main, auxiliary, preparatory and final time, as well as for short-term elements. Observational materials are summarized and time standards are established.– Working day photo study and measurement of all working time costs during a shift or part thereof; carried out by the performer himself or the standardizer, the master.

The method is used to standardize the time of workers, employees, and engineers. There are individual, team, group, route photographing a working day. In the process of photographing a working day, the results of observations are entered into a special photo card using text, an index, or a line on a graph. At self-photographing

The performer himself writes down in a special card the time measurements, the amount of lost working time, indicating the reasons.– Momentary Observation Method a statistical method of obtaining average data on the actual workload of workers and equipment.

It is used to study the time spent and the degree of equipment utilization by operating time. The loss of time by specialists and employees is studied similarly. Momentary observations are carried out during the walk. The observer, following the route, records the measurements on the observation sheet at the time of the visit. The volume of observations, the number of rounds, the time of rounds, and a list of working hours are recorded. Current production standards must be regularly completed taking into account the application new technology

, new materials, new types of work. Individual standards are being revised in accordance with the modern organizational and technical level, the new normal, clarifications are being introduced on the content of the collections, new coefficients in the technical part are being introduced, and new types of construction and installation processes are being included.

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….……..3

1 Labor rationing in the main production of construction…………….…..6

1.1 Production processes in construction: main and auxiliary………………………………………………………………………………….6

1.2 Methods for calculating time norms, production norms, service norms and headcount norms……………………………………………………….…………………......9

1. 3 Methods for studying the use of working time and ways to increase labor productivity…………………………………………………………….…...15

2.1 Determination of the volume of construction and installation work, the total labor intensity of the work, the number of employees and the wage fund…………………………………….….….23

2.1.1 Determination of the scope of construction and installation works……………………………………………………….…..23

2.1.2 Determination of the total labor intensity of work………………………………..23

2.1.3 Determination of the number of workers………………………………………………………24

2.1.4 Determination of the wage fund of employees……………………..25

2.2 Analysis of photographic research data…………………….…...25

2.2.1 Observation sheet……………………………………………………..25

2.2.2 Specific gravity individual species time spent by type of activity………………………………………………………………………………..26

2.2.3 Conclusions on self-photography……………………………………..27

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….28

List of references……………………………………………………………...29

Applications………………………………………………………...………31

Introduction

During the period of the formation of market relations, economists began to carefully study labor costs in order to compare them. Since the types of labor are diverse, it was necessary to find a single meter. Such a meter is work time.

Labor standards are regulated values ​​for equipment operating modes, labor costs and work breaks, developed on the basis of previously conducted research and intended for repeated use in calculating specific labor cost standards in relation to certain organizational and technical conditions.

The standards determine reasonable labor standards for work performed at various workplaces, enterprises and in various industries. The standards are the basis for introducing the most productive operating modes of equipment, improving the organizational and technical conditions of production and labor processes.

The application of labor standards ensures uniformity in labor standards for similar work performed at enterprises. In addition, the establishment of standards according to the standards available at the enterprise significantly reduces labor costs for operational standardization.

The quality of standards significantly influences the level and quality of labor standards. Therefore, labor standards must meet the following basic requirements:

Correspond modern level development of technology, organization of labor and production, taking into account the methods and techniques of work of the best workers;

In terms of degree of enlargement and accuracy, correspond to technical, technological and organizational conditions the type of production for which they are intended (mass, large-scale, serial, small-scale and single);

Correctly consider the impact various factors on the duration of individual elements of the process and the operation as a whole;

Cover the most common options for performing work, be convenient for calculating standards.

Labor productivity and workers' wages depend on how correctly the standards are established. Excessive standards can lead to a decrease in wages and a decrease in the interest of workers in increasing labor productivity. Low standards do not force people to strive to achieve high production indicators and create the appearance of high output.

Labor standards should be periodically reviewed and changed, as the technical equipment of enterprises improves and the level of production organization increases.

If at one enterprise a product is made by hand, and at another - on a machine, then labor costs at both enterprises are not the same and the labor standard cannot be the same. Therefore, for work performed in different production conditions, different standards.

Labor standards that are developed on the basis of scientific analysis of specific production conditions and the study of rational methods and techniques of work are called technically sound. These standards are the most accurate. But at enterprises, along with technically sound standards, there are also experimental and statistical standards that are established statistically.

In modern conditions, the purpose of labor standardization is to actively influence the potential capabilities and results of enterprises to achieve two interrelated economic and social goals: ensuring the production and sale of competitive goods and services and the reproduction of human resources.

The most important task of labor standardization is a thorough study of specific production conditions, the most rational techniques and methods of work. Such a study helps to establish standards at a level corresponding to actual labor costs.

The labor standard is the basis for calculating such an important production indicator as the planned labor intensity of products. Based on the planned labor intensity, labor productivity, wage fund, number of employees, etc. are planned.

The system of standards and technical standardization of labor in construction ensures an increase in labor productivity based on research into advanced work methods, better use of working time and machines used in construction, as well as the introduction of technically sound production standards. Based technical standards draw up production tasks (orders) for workers, work schedules, calculate the need for labor, machines and materials.

1. Labor rationing in the main construction industry

1.1 Production processes in construction: main and auxiliary

The process of constructing (constructing) an object is usually called construction production. The construction of buildings or structures requires construction work, which is divided into several main types based on the materials and semi-finished products used or by purpose, for example, stone, concrete, plastering, painting, excavation and other work.

At the same time, all work on construction sites is conventionally divided into general construction and special.

General construction and installation work usually includes work related to the construction of building structures of buildings and structures. The main ones are the following.

· Earthworks: digging holes, pits and trenches for individual supports, strip foundations and basements; digging trenches for laying pipelines, cable networks and other underground communications; soil transportation (loading, moving, unloading); soil loosening, site leveling, stripping operations, backfilling and embankment construction, soil compaction. Excavation work is carried out manually (in small volumes) and mechanized using various machines: excavators, bulldozers, scrapers, dump trucks, graders, drilling machines. To develop frozen or rocky soil use rippers and drilling and blasting equipment

· Piling work: driving or driving piles, installing pile foundations.

· Stone work: construction of stone structures (walls, supports, pillars, vaults, etc.) from piece stones and blocks. B. The composition of these works includes: rubble and rubble concrete masonry, masonry from processed natural stones of regular shape, brick masonry, small block masonry (from small block stones) and large block masonry.

· Concrete and reinforced concrete work – work performed during the construction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures: preparation of concrete mixture, transportation and placement of it with compaction into a form (formwork); creating the conditions necessary for concrete hardening (concrete care); monolithization of sections and joints between prefabricated elements, etc. When erecting reinforced concrete monolithic structures, formwork work (installation of formwork) and reinforcing work (installation of reinforcement cages in the formwork) are also performed.

· Work on installation of structures covers the entire range of work on delivery to workplace, installation, alignment and fastening of finished parts and elements (steel, concrete, reinforced concrete, wood, asbestos-cement, etc.).

· Carpentry and joinery work on construction sites, as a rule, is limited to the processes of transporting to the installation site and installing finished parts (rafters, windows, doors) or erecting structures from pre-prepared and processed parts, elements or materials (boards, bars, etc.) .

· Roofing work is work performed during the installation of attic roof coverings (made of steel sheets, asbestos cement) or roofing of non-attic buildings made of rolled materials (tar paper, glassine, roofing felt). In the second case, the work includes gluing rolled materials onto the base of the roof covering.

· Finishing work cover a large list of interior and exterior finishing works (plastering, cladding, painting, wallpapering, etc.) of buildings and premises. Facing work related to finishing is carried out using small-sized tiles and is carried out after the completion of stone work. Plastering work when finishing buildings is carried out, as a rule, with mechanized supply and application of mortar, and for small volumes of work - manually. Work on painting structures and wallpapering are classified as painting. In addition to the above, finishing work includes covering floors with linoleum, plastic, pile carpets, etc.

Transcript

1 Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation Federal Agency for Education Saratov State Technical University ORGANIZATION, RATING AND REMUNERATION OF LABOR IN CONSTRUCTION Course program, guidelines and test assignments for students specializing in correspondence courses Approved by the Editorial and Publishing Council of Saratov State Technical University Saratov 2007

2 COURSE PROGRAM Topic 1. Scientific and methodological foundations of labor organization. Principles of organizing the labor process. Categories of personnel. The production sector, its impact on human performance and health. Literature: . Topic 2. Construction process and its constituent elements. Construction products. Classification production processes in construction. Elements of working time, loss of working time. Profession, specialty and qualifications of workers. Literature: . Topic 3. Methods of research and technical regulation of labor costs and time of use of machines. Norm of labor costs, norm of production. Normal construction process. Carrying out and processing regulatory observations: methods of timing, technical accounting, photographs of the working day. Lost working time. Literature: . Topic 4. Organization and maintenance of workplaces. Types of workplaces and features of their organization. Design and layout of the workplace. Organization and maintenance of workplaces. Equipment and equipment of the work area and work front. Literature: . Topic 5. Organization and regulation of labor in construction. The purpose and objectives of technical regulation of labor and resources. Management of labor standards at the enterprise. Types of production norms and standards. Improving the regulatory and methodological framework in a market economy. Data bank of time standards, techniques and complexes of labor movements. Literature: . Topic 6. Design of production standards. Designing labor cost standards for workers. Sources of obtaining initial data for designing standards. Synthesis of norms, transition coefficients. Development of labor standards for non-mechanized work processes. Design of machine time standards. Drawing up a paragraph of production standards. Literature: . 3

3 Topic 7. Organization of wages in construction. Forms and systems of remuneration. Tariff system, its role in the organization of wages. Tariff and qualification guide. Tariffing of workers and works. Remuneration of engineers and employees. Tariff-free wage system. Literature: . Topic 8. Labor organization in construction. Forms of labor organization. Types of units and brigades. Calculation of the brigade composition. Brigade and rental contracts. Literature: . Topic 9. Drawing up and execution of documents on remuneration. Calculation of labor costs and wages. Calculation of average earnings. Distribution of wages among team members. Methods for calculating labor productivity. Accounting and taxation of wages. Literature: . Topic 10. Basics labor legislation. Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Comments on the Labor Code: hiring and dismissal of employees. Labor contracts: fixed-term, seasonal, temporary, permanent. Collective agreement. Documents for registration of labor relations. Literature: . CONTROL WORK In an individual task, each student is given an option number (according to which he must complete the work), corresponding to the serial number of his name in the group journal. Test includes two tasks: I) a theoretical question in accordance with the discipline program; II) calculation part (problem solving). Theoretical questions: 1. The essence and content of labor organization at the enterprise. 2. Features of labor organization in construction. 3. Classification of production processes in construction. 4. Elements of labor time costs, operating time of construction machines. 5. Lost working time. 6. The relationship between labor standards and production standards. 7. Technical accounting method. 4

4 8. Photo of the working day. 9. Timing method. 10. Photo accounting method. 11. Development of labor standards for workers. 12. Design of machine time standards. 13. Formation of the composition of units and teams. 14. Determination of labor productivity using the cost method. 15. Determination of labor productivity using the natural method. 16. Determination of labor productivity using the normative method. 17. Labor productivity indices. 18. Factors and reserves for growth of labor productivity. 19. Classification of systems and forms of remuneration. 20. Piece form of payment. 21. Time-based form of payment. 22. Tariff payment system. 23. Tariff-free payment system. 24. Tariff agreement. 25. Collective agreement. 26. Composition of the wage fund. 27. Formation of a wage fund in construction. TASKS 1. DETERMINATION OF PRODUCTION STANDARDS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LABOR STANDARDS 1.1. Determining the production rate of construction crews The main condition for high technical and economic indicators of units and teams, characterizing labor productivity, is the production rate in physical terms per shift or hour. The better the organizational and technical conditions for the implementation of construction and installation processes that meet the process standards, the higher the output of units and teams. As is known, the process normal, which represents the most effective values ​​of influencing factors from a certain set of given process characteristics, introduced into the labor (time) standard, must be strictly observed during the construction of buildings and structures. Violation of one or more elements of the normal process (number or qualifications of performers, quality and quantity of materials, tools, etc.) will reduce the production rate and, ultimately, labor productivity. It follows that when issuing production work orders to teams, you should 5 in advance

5 indicate specific organizational and technical conditions that make it possible to fulfill and exceed shift standards. The production rate of a unit or team N exp is determined by the formula: N exp =CT cm K h /N tr, (1.1) where C is the number of work shifts; T cm duration of work shift (8.0 or 6.67 hours); Number of workers in a unit or team, people; N tr norm of labor (time), man-hour (natural unit of measurement, m 3, t, m 2, etc.). Example. Determine the production rate of 2 masons in 5 shifts when performing brickwork with an average architectural design under jointing 2 bricks thick. The labor standard (according to ENR-87 collection EZ, table 3 6c) is equal to 3.7 people. h/m 3. Solution. Using the indicated data, we will have: N exp = 5 8.0 2/3.7 = 21.62 m 3. Problem 1.1. Determine the production rate according to the data given in table Table 1.1 of option Type of work N labor (time), person-hours. Team composition, people Number of shifts Worker grades Brick walls 3.7 man-h/m 3 2 units 2 4;3 2 The same, with jointing 4.6 man-h/m;3 3 The same, when filling walls 7.4 person-h/m 3 2 4;3 frame buildings 4 Laying walls from concrete stones 2.4 person-h/m 3 2 3;3 5 Construction of partitions from 0.77 person/m 2 4;2 tongue-and-groove slabs 2 6 Mechanized preparation of lime-cement mortar: - loading the mortar mixer ladle - preparing the mortar in a mortar mixer with a capacity of up to 80 l 0.72 person-h/m 3 1.6 person-h/m 3 2 3;2 7 Installation of columns 3, 5 person-hours 0.7 person-hours 1 driver of the 6th category, 1 assembler of the 6th category; 22 4th category; 22 3rd category 6

6 options Type of work N labor (time), person-hours. End of table. 1.1 Composition Number of crew, shifts of people Worker categories 8 Installation of stairs weighing 1 t 2.8 1 1.3 9 Laying corrugated flooring 1.85 1.25 0.62 10 Installation of panel partitions 0.25 man-h/m 2 row 1 ; 2nd category 1 11 Construction of roofs from prefabricated rafter panels 12 Installation of trusses and installation of coverings on trusses (per 1 truss) 13 Construction of frames for sheathing with fiberboard and chipboard sheets: -100 m of sheathing -1 m 2 of sheathing 14 Plastering walls manually (100 m 2): - application; - rough grout. Improved plastering of walls with a mortar pump (100 m2): - spray application; - applying primer; - coating application; - surface grouting. 28 person-hour/m category 2; 3rd category 2 0.68 person-hour 4.08 person-hour 9.8 person-hour 0.7 person-hour 30.5 person-hour 16 person-hour 4 14.5 3.4 9.9 1 driver of the 5th category. Carpenters: 5th category 1; 4th category 2; 3rd category 3. 2 people 3rd category 1; 3rd category 3. 4th category 1; 3rd category 2; 2nd category 1. 7

7 1.2. Calculation of the machine production rate The machine production rate plays a significant role in labor productivity on construction sites. The amount of good-quality products that a machine must produce in accordance with its passport data always depends on its technical condition, the conditions for performing construction and installation processes and the organization of the workplace, as well as the qualifications of the machine operators. These elements are characteristics of a mechanized process, structural and operational features construction machines, introduced into the norm for the time of use of machines, will dictate the value of the norm for the production of machines. Workers operating machines must be aimed at fully meeting and exceeding production standards, taking into account the correct selection of organizational and technical conditions and calculations of the standard itself. When issuing shift assignments to machine operators, the production rate N output (m), m 3, t, m 2, etc., is calculated using the formula: N output (m) = CT cm / N mash, (1.2) where C is the number of work shifts cars; T cm shift duration, h; N machine time standard for machine use, machine-hours. Example. Determine the production rate of a tower crane with a lifting capacity of up to 3 tons per shift when supplying concrete with a bunker with a capacity of 0.75 m 3. In accordance with ENiR-87, sb. E1, 7 we have: the standard time for using the machine is 0.11 machine-hour/m 3. Solution: N exp(m) = 8.0/0.11 = 72.73 m 3 /shift. Problem 1.2. Calculate the production rate of machines using the data from the table of the option Type of work N labor (time), man-hour Table 1.2 Number of shifts 1.2 Loading materials with loaders 0.15 machine-hours/m 3 3 3.4 Supplying materials with a jib crane 0.5 mach-h/m 3 5 5.6 Supply of materials by tower crane 0.2 mach-h/m 3 4 7.8 Construction of scaffolding 0.48 mach-h/m 3 6 9.10 Installation of structures 1.6 mach-h /t 1 11.12 Planning of earthen areas 0.4 machine-hour/m.14 Rolling of coatings 0.4 machine-hour/m.16 Installation of columns 0.8 machine-hour/piece 1 8

8 1.3. The relationship between labor standards and production standards Based on scientific principles technical standardization of labor, especially in terms of the relationship between standards, the unity of normal and norm, from the mandatory revision of standards, in the practice of technical standardization work there is always a need to identify how a change in labor or machine standards will affect the value of the production standard. By improving the normal process, we have the right to change the existing labor standard. Since an inversely proportional relationship is found between the rate of labor (production of machines), we can set a new rate of production for units and teams, while regulating the growth of labor productivity. An increase or decrease in the rate of production of workers or machines in natural units of measurement when the rate of labor (production of machines) changes can be calculated using the formula: N vyr.n = N vyr.s 100/(100±x), (1.3) where N vyr.n a new production rate with a decrease or increase in the rate of labor (production of machines); N vyr.s existing production rate; ±x increase or decrease in labor standards (machine output), %. If it is necessary to determine a new production rate as a percentage, the following formula must be used: N vyr.% = 100x/(100±x), (1.4) Decrease or increase in the rate of labor (time) or machine output when the production rate changes as in natural indicators, and as a percentage, should be calculated according to the formulas: N tr.n = N tr.s 100/(100±x 2), (1.5) where N tr.n is the new standard of labor (time); N tr.s existing labor (time) standard; ±x 2 increase or decrease in production rate, %; N tr.% =100x 2 /(100±x 2), (1.6) where N tr.% is the new norm of labor (time),%. The effectiveness of applying new production standards can be calculated using the labor productivity formula P t, %: P t = N vyr.n / N vyr.s 100. (1.7) Example. According to the normative research station of the Sumstroy plant and the methods of technical standardization obtained, it is customary to reduce the labor standard by 10%. It is required to determine by what percentage labor productivity will increase if the existing production rate was 120 m 3 /shift. Solution: 1) N exp = /(100-10)=133.3 m 3 /shift; 2) R t =133.3/ =111%; 3) Increase in labor productivity: Р t = =11%. 9

9 Task 1.3. According to the data given in table. 1.3, it is necessary to determine by what percentage the labor productivity of construction sites and departments will increase. Table 1.3 options Construction site(team) Type of construction and installation process % Existing production rate 1.2 SU 1 Wall masonry, 4 SU 12 The same, 6 SU 13 The same, 8 SSU 1 Installation of structures, 10 SSU 2 The same, 12 SSU 3 The same, 14 SOU 1 Finishing work, 16 SOU 2 The same Determination of labor (time) standards through production standards and production standards through labor standards Task 1.4. Redraw the table. 1.4 and fill in the blanks. Table 1.4 Determination of the labor norm Determination of the production norm through the production norm through the labor norm of option x 2, % N tr, % x 2, % N tr, % x 1, % N tr, % x 1, % N tr, % 1, ,

10 2. LABOR PRODUCTIVITY STANDARDING 2.1. Calculating labor productivity using the cost method Labor productivity, which is the main indicator of labor efficiency in construction, can be measured by several methods (cost, natural and standard). However, currently the main method is considered to be the cost method, which allows measuring all types of work performed on different levels. Main advantages this method are ease of definition, taking into account the necessary data in statistical reporting, controllability, reducibility at different levels of construction management. Since most trusts and construction and installation departments are constructing heterogeneous objects (industrial buildings, residential buildings, etc.), their total volume of work cannot be expressed by any single physical indicator, but is expressed only in monetary form by the estimated cost of work. The generally accepted measure of the level of labor productivity P t for a construction and installation organization as a whole is currently the average output in monetary terms (in estimated prices) per employee engaged in construction and installation work and in auxiliary industries. It is determined by dividing the volume of work for the corresponding period by the average number of workers for this period: R t = S cmr /K h, (2.1) where S cmr is the estimated cost of construction and installation work performed by a team, management, trust, and other construction organizations; K h number of employees (workers) of this construction unit, people. Along with the above absolute monetary indicators of the level of labor productivity, there is also a relative indicator of the percentage of compliance with current production standards: P t = V f / V n (p), (2.2) where V f is the actual output, rub; In n(p) standard (planned) output, rub. Example. Building company consisting of 250 people. completed construction and installation work worth 115 million rubles in the reporting year. Determine actual output and labor productivity if the planned output was set in the amount of rubles/person. Solution: 1. V f = / 250 = rub/person. 2. R t = / = 115%. eleven

11 Task 2.1. Determine the labor productivity of a team of masons consisting of 25 people if it completed 52 m 3 of masonry. Cost of 1 m rub. Task 2.2. The actual monthly output of one worker was rubles, and the planned output was rubles. Determine the increase in labor productivity. Problem 2.3. Work was completed for 820 thousand rubles, while 100 workers spent 25 working days. The planned production rate is 280 rubles. Calculate actual output and labor productivity. Problem 2.4. Determine the annual output of two workers, if their daily output is set at 400 rubles, the number of working days in a year is 286. Problem 2.5. The daily output of a worker was planned at 265.5 rubles. The estimated cost of the work performed is RUB. In fact, 1325 man-days were spent. Determine actual output and labor productivity in comparison with planned Determination of labor productivity using the natural method Measuring labor productivity using the natural method most accurately reflects the economic content of this indicator. Therefore, the labor productivity indicator is calculated in physical units of measurement (volume of concrete laid m 3 / shift, installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures elements / shift, etc.). To compare and evaluate labor productivity, expressed in natural indicators, standard V n and actual V f output per worker per shift are established. The initial data for determining the shift output of teams, units and individual workers should be considered production work orders and calculations of labor costs, as well as time sheets: V n = V r / T n, (2.3) V f = V r / T f , (2.4) where T n is the standard labor intensity, person-days; T f actual labor intensity, person-days. The shift production rate can also be calculated taking into account the labor rate (time) in accordance with the data in paragraph ENiR (VNiR): V n = T cm K h / N tr, (2.5) where T cm shift duration, h; Number of members of the unit, people; N tr labor norm, man-hours Example. A team of 4 masons completed 83.2 m 3 of masonry in 8 days. Planned output for 1 person-day is 2.08 m 3. Determine the indicator of actual compliance with standards and increase in labor productivity. 12

12 Solution. 1. Production standards V f = 83.2 / (4 8) = 2.6 m 3 / person-day. 2. Increase in labor productivity R t = (2.3 2.08) / 2.08-100 = 25%. 3. Labor productivity of the unit P t = 2.6 / 2.08 100 = 125%. Problem 2.6. The team installed 2000 m 3 of structures, for which they spent man-hours at a standard man-hour and an average work shift of 8.0 hours. Calculate the standard, actual output and labor productivity as a percentage. Problem 2.7. Determine the labor productivity of a team of masons of 3 people if they completed 8.5 m 3 of masonry per shift. The labor rate per 1 m 3 is 3.3 man-hours. Problem 2.8. The installation of 720 m 3 of structures required 360 man-days at a labor rate of 0.6 man-hour/m 3. Determine the level of labor productivity. Problem 2.9. To perform concrete work in a volume of 560 m 3, the team spent 240 man-days. Determine the production rate and actual labor intensity per 1 m 3. Task In 8 working days, a team of 2 people completed 41.6 m 3 of masonry. Planned output for 1 person-day 2.08 m 3. Determine the indicator of actual compliance with standards and increase labor productivity Determination of labor productivity by the standard (labor) method As is known, the standard method of measuring labor productivity suggests a comparison of actual labor costs per unit of this work with standard . Standard labor costs are established according to work orders, calculations or estimated standards. The effectiveness of this method depends on the validity of the labor cost standards adopted for ENiR (VNiR), taking into account the actual reflection of the organizational and technical conditions of construction sites. Calculation of labor productivity using the standard method can be made using the formulas: Р t = Т n Т f 100, (2.6) Р t =V f V n 100, (2.7) where V f,v n is the actual and standard volume of work, measured in natural terms units of measurement. 13

13 Example. In 12 days, a team of 5 people laid 320 m 3 of concrete mixture at a labor rate of 17 man-hours/10 m 3. Determine the labor productivity of the team. Solution: Р t (17,320) / .3% 480 Problem: Determine the average percentage of labor productivity of a team of painters for the reporting month, if according to line 1 the required standard time is 346 man-hours; actual 228; but along with 217 man-hours; along with 120 man-hours Task A team of excavators completed a volume of work in the amount of 200 m 3 of soil at a labor rate of 1.75 man-hours/m 3. Determine the increase in labor productivity if their actual labor intensity was 280 man-hours. Task 2348 man-hours were required to perform the calculation work. According to the chord schedule, 1948 man-hours were actually spent. Determine the percentage reduction in standard time and labor productivity. Task: Determine the growth of labor productivity if in the period preceding the reporting period productivity was 110%, and in the reporting period 115%. Problem The brigade worked with labor productivity of 120%, with standard labor costs of 1500 man-hours. Determine the actual labor costs of the team. 3. DEVELOPMENT OF LABOR STANDARDS FOR NON-MECHANIZED WORK PROCESSES It is recommended to develop labor standards for non-mechanized work processes in the following sequence: - development of standards for the construction and installation process; - design (calculation) of labor standards; - determination of the numerical and qualification composition of the construction workers; - calculation of unit prices this process; - design of a paragraph of the norm. The essence of process normal design is to select the most effective values factors influencing the organization and technology of the work process, which are selected on the basis of technical documentation, SNiP, ENiR, technical conditions or by direct study of these factors. Normally it should be 14

14 indicate: type of product or work; technical conditions and required quality; name of materials; unit composition; process technology; workplace organization; work and rest schedule; safety conditions. Designing the value of the labor norm (time) consists in determining the technically justified amounts of labor costs for operational, preparatory and final work, technological breaks and rest for workers. The labor standard is calculated by the formula: Top 100 N tr =, (3.1) 100 (T T T) p z p dept where T op is the time spent on operational work, consisting of auxiliary and main, person-hours; T p-3 time spent on preparatory and final work, the size of which can be taken within 2-8% of the operational work of the process; T p design value of the technological break in the amount of 4-12% of the operational work time; T department is the design value of time spent on rest, in the amount of 8-30% of operational work. Specific time standards for preparatory and final work, technological breaks and rest can be adopted according to the standards given in the “Fundamentals of the methodology for technical regulation of labor in construction” (issue 6). The standard time spent on operational work is determined based on the analysis and synthesis of the results of standard observations. This definition involves the calculation of the average amount of time spent on the element meter and the calculation of the transition coefficients to the main work process meter. The average time spent t av to complete one element is determined as follows: t av = 60n/V, (3.2) where n is the number of observations for a given element; V is the amount of production of an element per 60 man-minutes. The transition coefficient K per is calculated by the formula: K per =V pr.e /V pr.rp, (3.3) where V pr.e is the volume of production of the element in its units of measurement; V pr.rp volume of production of the work process in its units of measurement. Based on the calculations performed according to (3.2) and (3.3), a synthesis table is compiled. If the units of measurement of individual elements and the entire work process are the same, the calculation of the operational time standard T opera is carried out using the simple synthesis formula: n T opera =t 1 +t 2 +t 3 + +t n = t i, (3.4) i 1 15

15 if unequal according to the complex synthesis formula: T opera =t 1 K 1 +t 2 K 2 +t 3 K 3 + +t n K n = n i 1 t. (3.5) The numerical and qualification composition of the worker level is established, as a rule, according to regulatory observations (form XP “Process Characteristics”) or according to the tariff qualification directory. In educational settings, when solving problems, you can use the collections ENiR-87 or VNiR-87. The price per unit of production (output) R, rub., is determined by the formula: CT K h R N TP, (3.6) Kch where C t is the hourly tariff rate (per year) of the corresponding category of worker, which should be taken from the table. 3.1; Quantitative composition of the unit, people; N tr norm of labor (time), man-hours Table 3.1 Indicator Category 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Kt 1 1.085 1.186 1.338 1.542 1.797 St. t, rub 7.19 7.8 8.53 9.62 11.08 12 ,91 Example. Develop a production labor standard and price (paragraph of the standard) for the work process “Sheathing the frame of the walls of an industrial building with asbestos-cement sheets measuring 1200x678x5.5 mm” using suspended scaffolding. The height of the frame is 10 m. The sheets are supplied fully prepared. Based on the data of mixed photo accounting and XP forms, the time spent and volume finished products in the amount of 240 m 2 (Table 3.2). Table 3.2 Workflow Elements 1. Feeding prepared sheets and placing them in place, sheet 2. Preparing and temporarily fastening sheets, sheet 3. Drilling holes and supplying bolts, bolt i K i Observation Note. Above the line are the labor costs, man-minutes, to perform an element of the process; below the line is the quantity (volume) of the element’s production in its units of measurement

16 4. TARIFFICATION OF WORKERS AND WORKS 4.1. Normalization of tariff rates Tariff rates, as is known, determine the amount of wages of workers per unit of time (hour, day, month). Hourly tariff rates (calculated) are established by the tariff schedule (see Table 3.1) for workers with normal working conditions with an 8-hour working day, taking into account a 6-day or 5-day working week. To standardize other tariff rates, especially for workers who have a shortened working day in accordance with current legislation, you can use the formula: T h = C i t i (8) / t i (7) (4.1) where T h is the hourly tariff rate of a worker who has a shortened working day day, rub.; C i is the tariff rate of a worker of the corresponding category, rub.; t i (8) average working time per month with an 8-hour working day (166.75 hours); t i (7) the same, with a 7.2-hour working day (150.6 hours). Daily tariff rates for a worker of any category are determined by multiplying the tariff rates (daily) of the 1st category by the tariff coefficient: T d(i) = T d(1) K t, (4.2) where T d(i) is the daily tariff rate of a given worker category (except 1st), rub.; T d (1) - daily tariff rate for a 1st category worker, which, in turn, is determined by multiplying the hourly tariff rate by the duration of the established working day; Kt is the tariff coefficient adopted according to the tariff schedule (see Table 3.1). The average monthly tariff rate for temporary workers is set according to the following formula: T cm(i) = T h(i) t cm, (4.3) where T cm(i) is the average monthly tariff rate of a worker of this category, rub; T h (i) hourly tariff rate; t cm established average monthly work duration, hours. Example. Calculate the hourly, daily and monthly tariff rates of a 5th category worker with a 6-day working week and a 6-hour working day. Solution. Using the indicated formulas, we obtain: hourly: T h (5) = 11.08 166.75/150.6 = 12.27 rub.; daily: T d(5) =7.19 1.75/150.6 6=73.65 rub.; monthly: T m(5) =12.27 150.6=1847.86 rub. 17

17 Problem 4.1. Calculate the hourly, daily and monthly rates of workers (Table 4.1). Table 4.1 Profession of workers Tariff Duration of option category weeks, days days, hours 1.2 Reinforcement workers 3rd 5 8.0 3.4 Concrete workers 4th 5 8.0 5.6 Road workers 5th 5 8.0 7.8 Masons 6th 6 6.67 9.10 Roofers 3rd 6 6.67 11.12 Painters 2nd 6 6.67 13.14 Fitters 4th 6 6.67 15.16 Clayers 5th 6 6 .67 17.18 Parquet workers 6th 6 6.67 19.20 Carpenters 2nd 6 6.67 21.22 Welders 4th 6 6.67 23.24 Glaziers 3rd 6 6.67 25.26 Riggers 5th 5 8.0 27.28 Plasterers 6th 5 8.0 29.30 Electric welders 4th 5 8, Determination of average tariff coefficients and rates To optimize the work of construction teams and units in order to establish them qualification characteristics And professional level, giving the right to execute specific works, in the practice of technical standardization work, average tariff coefficients are used. The initial data used as the basis for determining these coefficients can be: the numerical and qualification composition of the brigade (link); standard time (labor intensity of work); actually paid salary for a given pay period (month). Taking these data into account, average tariff coefficients can be calculated using the formulas: K1n1 K 2n2... K nnn K av = ; (4.4) n n... n 1 K av = n 2 i n Tn T K; (4.5) K av =S zp(cm) /T cm(1) ; (4.6) where K 1, K 2, K n tariff coefficients corresponding to the worker’s category; n 1, n 2, n 3 number of workers by category; T n K i is the sum of the products of the average tariff coefficient of a given job by the required standard time for the same job (labor intensity); Tn amount 18

18 required standard time (labor intensity) for all types of work, man-days; S salary (cm) average monthly salary of each team member, rub; T cm(1) monthly tariff rate of the 1st category. Example. Determine the average tariff coefficient for team 1, consisting of 12 people. (3 people of the 5th category, 5 of the 4th; 4 of the 3rd); for team 2 for a total labor intensity equal to 440 man-days (T 1 =90; T 2 =120; T 3 =230 and K 1 =-1.3; K 2 =1.25; K 3 =1.42 ); for team 3 based on actual wages in the amount of rubles. (team composition 20 people). Solution: Team 1: K av = [(3 1.542) + (5 1.338) + (4 1.186) ] / (3+5+4) = 1.338; brigade 2: K av = [(90 1.3)+ (120 1.25) + (230 1.42)] / () = 1.349; brigade 3: K av = (/ 20) / (7.19 166.75) = 1.05. In addition to the average tariff coefficients, average tariff rates C t can also be used to characterize teams: C t = C i n i / n i, (4.7) where n i is the number of workers by category, people. Example. The construction and installation department employs 796 people: 90 people of the 1st category; th; th; th; 94 5th; 40 6th. Determine the average tariff rate. Solution: C t = (7.91 40) / / () =9.04 rub. Problem 4.2. Using table 4.2 and 4.3, calculate the average tariff coefficients and rates. Profession of option teams Number of people Of which by category Table 3rd 4th 5th 6th 1-5 Masons Roofers Painters Installers Carpenters Plasterers

19 Table 4.3 options Work performed by the team 1-5 Plastering work Painting work 6-10 Cladding work Installation of floors Installation of structures Installation of stairs Brickwork Scaffolding and scaffolding Laying concrete Rubble concrete masonry Digging trenches Backfilling Composition, people Indicators of teams Labor intensity, person-days Average tariff category 1,45 1,48 1,32 1,42 1,52 1,31 1,35 1,62 1,28 1,37 1,3 1,03 Wage, rubles Calculation of average tariff categories In technical standardization work for the purposes production planning It is often necessary to determine the average tariff category of workers and jobs. In standardization for these purposes, two methods are used to find the average category: a) using a known average tariff coefficient: R av = R i ± 1/ 2, (4.8) where R av is the average tariff category; R i is the nearest smaller or larger digit; 1 deviation of the average tariff coefficient from the nearest lower or higher tariff coefficient; 2 the difference between tariff coefficients, within the range of which the known average tariff coefficient lies; b) at a known tariff rate: R av =R i ± 1/ 2. (4.9) where 1 is the deviation of the average tariff rate from the nearest lower or higher tariff rate; 2 the difference between tariff rates, within the range of which the average tariff rate lies. 20

20 With a smaller value of R i, the values ​​of 1/2 or 1/2 should be added, with a larger value subtracted. When determining the average level of work, the actual labor intensity of the teams for a given month, the wages due and the percentage of standards fulfilled should be used. Example. It is necessary to determine the average tariff category: for brigade 1, if its average tariff coefficient is 1.36, for brigade 2 with an average tariff rate of 9.3 and brigade 3, which worked 1850 man-hours per month, meeting production standards by 120% , who received a salary of rubles (of which 800 rubles were bonuses). Solution: Team 1: R av =4+(1.36 1.338) / (1.532 1.338) =4.11; brigade 2: R av =4+(9.3 8.53) / (9.62 8.53) =4.71; brigade 3: O t = () / 1850 / =6.2 rubles; R av =2+(0.62 0.59) / (0.7-0.64) =2.5. Problem 4.3. Determine the average tariff category using the following data. In brigade 1, the average tariff coefficient is 1.42; 2 1.39; 3 1.38; 4 average tariff rate 0.736; 5 0.712; 6 0.748; 7 labor intensity 1760 man-hours, wages 1520 rubles (of which 175 rubles are bonuses), labor productivity 120%. In brigade 8, labor intensity is 1860 man-hours, wages are 1632 rubles (196 rubles bonus), labor productivity is 120%. Table 4.4 Indicator Category 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Kt 1 1.085 1.186 1.338 1.542 1.797 St. t, rub 0.59 0.64 0.7 0.79 0.91 1 .06 21

21 REFERENCES 1. Labor Code of the Russian Federation // Russian newspaper Dec. 2. Bychin V.B. Labor rationing: textbook / V.B. Bychin, S.V. Malinin; edited by Yu. G. Odegova. M.: Exam, p. 3. Yakovlev R.A. Remuneration at the enterprise / R.A. Yakovlev. M.: Center for Economics and Marketing, p. 4. Volgin N.A. Salary: production, social sphere, public service / N.A. Volgin. M.: Exam, p. 5. Salary. M.: INFRA M, p. 6. Grigorieva R.P. Labor statistics: lecture notes / R.P. Grigorieva, I. I. Basova. St. Petersburg: Publishing house of V. A. Mikhailov, p. 7. Ardzinov V.D. Organization and remuneration of labor in construction / V.D. Ardzinov. SPb.: Peter, p. 8. Grunshtam V.A. Remuneration for labor in construction / V.A. Grunshtam. SPb.: Peter, p. 9. Kostyuchenko V.V. Organization of wages and estimates in construction: textbook. allowance / V.V. Kostyuchenko, K.M. Kryuchkov, V.M. Kozhukhar; edited by V.V. Kostyuchenko. Rostov-n/D.: Phoenix, p. 10. Ardzinov V.D. Pricing and estimating in construction / V.D. Ardzinov. SPb.: Peter, p. 11. Kolbachev E.B. Organization, standardization and remuneration of labor at enterprises / E.B. Kolbachev, E.V. Novik, T.A. Kolbachev. Rostov-n/D.: Phoenix, p. 12. Vorobyova E.V. Salary in years / E.V. Vorobyov. M.: Eksmo, p. 13. Comments on Labor Code Russian Federation / O.V. Smirnov, M.O. Bulkova, I.A. Kostyan, V.G. Malov. 5th ed. M.: Knorus, p. 14. Posherstnik I.V. Enterprise personnel: practical guide/ I.V. Wool. M.: Prospekt, p. 15. Sankina L.V. Personal cards / L.V. Sankina. M.: MCFR, p. 16. Basic system of microelement time standards (BSM-1). M.: Economics, p. 17. Romanova K.G. Rationing of labor and estimates / K.G. Romanova, E.P. Zharkovskaya. M.: Stroyizdat, p. 18. Sinyansky I.A. Design and estimate business / I.A. Sinyansky, N.I. Maneshina. M.: Academy, p. 19. Belovol V.V. Rationing of labor and estimates in construction: textbook. allowance / V.V. Belovol. M.: Stroyizdat, p. 22

22 ORGANIZATION, STANDARDING AND REMUNERATION IN CONSTRUCTION Course program, methodological instructions and assignments for the test Compiled by Andrey Vladimirovich POLYAKOV Reviewer I.B. Efimenko Editor O.A. Lukonina Signed for printing Format /16 Paper. offset. Conditional pech.l. 1.39 (1.5) Uch.-ed.l. 1.3 Circulation 100 copies. Order Free Saratov State Technical University, Saratov, Politekhnicheskaya St., 77 Printed at the RIC SSTU, Saratov, Politekhnicheskaya St., 77 23

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