TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)

EARTHWORK WHEN CONSTRUCTION OF TRENCHES FOR LAYING PIPELINES IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

1.1. A standard technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods scientific organization labor to perform the technological process and the determining composition of production operations using the most modern means of mechanization and methods of performing work using a specific technology. TTK is intended for use in the development of Work Projects (hereinafter referred to as WPR) and other organizational and technological documentation by construction departments. TTC is integral part PPR and is used as part of PPR in accordance with MDS 12-81.2007.

1.2. This TTK provides instructions on the organization and technology of excavation work when constructing a trench for laying a pipeline in mountainous area.

The composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection.

1.3. The regulatory basis for the development of a technological map is:

- standard drawings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

- factory instructions and technical specifications(THAT);

- standards and prices for construction and installation work (GESN-2001 ENiR);

- production standards for material consumption (NPRM);

- local progressive norms and prices, norms of labor costs, norms of consumption of material and technical resources.

1.4. The purpose of creating the TTK is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of excavation work when constructing trenches for laying a pipeline in mountainous areas, in order to ensure their high quality, and also:

- reducing the cost of work;

- reduction of construction duration;

- ensuring the safety of work performed;

- organizing rhythmic work;

- rational use labor resources and cars;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTK, a PPR is being developed or, as its mandatory components, Working Technological Maps (hereinafter referred to as RTK) for performing certain types of earthworks when constructing trenches for laying a pipeline in mountainous areas.

The design features of the arrangement of ground shelves (ledges) are decided in each specific case by the working design.

The composition and degree of detail of materials developed in the RTK are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on local natural conditions, the available fleet of vehicles, the availability of labor resources and building materials.

Working technological maps are reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting construction organization and are agreed upon by the Customer’s technical supervision representative.

1.6. The TTK can be tied to a specific facility and construction conditions. This process consists of clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, and the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTC to local conditions:

- reviewing map materials and selecting the desired option;

- checking the compliance of the initial data (amount of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms, building materials used, composition of the worker group) with the accepted option;

- adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

- recalculation of calculations, technical and economic indicators, requirements for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

- design of the graphic part with specific reference to mechanisms, equipment and devices in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A standard technological map has been developed for engineering and technical workers (work managers, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the third temperature zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for excavation work when constructing trenches for laying a pipeline in mountainous areas using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and methods of performing work.

The technological map has been developed for the following scope of work:

Trench length	- L=100 m ;
Trench width	- H=2.8 m ;
Trench depth	- h=3.0 m .

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map has been developed for a complex of earthworks when constructing trenches for laying a pipeline in mountainous areas.

2.2. Excavation work when constructing trenches for laying a pipeline in mountainous areas is carried out by a mechanized detachment in one shift, the duration of working hours during the shift is:

2.3. The work consistently performed during excavation work when constructing trenches for laying a pipeline in mountainous areas includes the following technological operations:

- geodetic layout of shelves;

- development of shelves (ledges) with an excavator;

- development of shelves (ledges) with a bulldozer.

2.4. The technological map provides for the development of shelves (ledges) by a mechanized unit consisting of: bulldozer B170M1.03VR (=4.28 m, =1.31 m); bulldozer Komatsu D355A (engine power N=416 hp); Volvo EC-290B excavator (bucket volume g=1.45 m, excavation depth at parking level H=7.3 m).

Fig.1. Specifications excavator Volvo EC-290B

A - max reach during excavation, 10.395 m; B - max reach at the level of the supporting surface, 10.242 m; H - min turning radius, 3.630 m; F - max cutting height, 9.460 m; G - max unloading height, 6.695 m; C - max depth of excavation at parking level, 7.330 m; D - max excavation depth at 2.44 m, 7.150 m; E - max depth of excavation with vertical wall, 6,170 m

Fig.2. Bulldozer B170M1.03VR

Fig.3. Bulldozer Komatsu D355A

2.5. When constructing trenches for laying a pipeline in mountainous areas, you should be guided by the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

- SP 48.13330.2011. "Construction organization. Updated edition of SNiP 12-01-2004" ;

- SP 126.13330.2012. Geodetic work in construction. Updated edition of SNiP 3.01.03-84;

- Manual for SNiP 3.01.03-84. Production of geodetic works in construction;

- SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, bases and foundations;

- Manual for SNiP 3.02.01-83 *. A manual for the execution of work when constructing foundations;

- SP 36.13330.2012 SNiP 2.05.06-85 *;

- SP 86.13330.2014. Main pipelines. Updated edition of SNiP III-42-80 *;

- STO Gazprom 2-2.1-249-2008. Main gas pipelines;

- STO Gazprom 2-2.2-382-2009. Main gas pipelines. Rules for the production and acceptance of work during the construction of onshore sections of gas pipelines, including in the Far North;

- SP 104-34-96. Excavation works;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- Safety rules for the construction of main pipelines;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and order of operation executive documentation during construction, reconstruction, major renovation capital construction projects and requirements for inspection reports of works, structures, sections of engineering and technical support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) special log of work performed during construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects;

- MDS 12-29.2006. Methodological recommendations for the development and execution of a technological map.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2001 "Organization of construction. Updated version of SNiP 12-01-2004" before the start of construction and installation work at the site, the Contractor is obliged to obtain from the Customer in the prescribed manner design documentation and a permit (order) to perform construction and installation work . Carrying out work without permission (warrant) is prohibited.

3.2. Before the start of work on constructing trenches for laying a pipeline in mountainous areas, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures, including:

- develop an RTC or PPR for the development of a trench for laying a pipeline in mountainous areas and agree with all subcontractors and suppliers;

- appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, as well as their control and quality of execution;

- provide the site with working documentation approved for work;

- staff a team of machine operators, familiarize them with the project of excavation work in mountainous areas and the technology for carrying out work on developing a trench;

- conduct safety training for team members;

- install temporary inventory household premises for storing building materials, tools, equipment, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc.;

- prepare an excavator and bulldozers for work and deliver them to the site;

- provide workers with manual machines, tools and personal protective equipment;

- provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and alarm systems;

- provide communication for operational dispatch control of work, a device for two-way duplicated communication with the control center;

- deliver to the work area necessary materials, devices, equipment, tools and means for safe work;

- try out a hydraulic excavator;

- draw up an act of readiness of the facility for work;

- obtain permission from the Customer’s technical supervision to begin work (clause 4.1.1.3 in the form of Appendix 2, RD 08-296-99).

3.3. General instructions

3.3.1. Methods for carrying out excavation work on the construction of main pipelines are determined by the project and regulated by the requirements of SNiP for earthworks, foundations and foundations.

3.3.2. Excavation work must be carried out in compliance with quality requirements and with mandatory operational control of all technological processes.

3.3.3. The parameters of earthen structures (width of the trench or embankment, excavation depth, embankment height, slope steepness) are determined by the design (working drawings) in accordance with the design requirements of SNiP.

3.3.4. The dimensions and profiles of trenches are established by the project depending on the diameter and coating of pipelines, type of ballasting, soil characteristics, hydrogeological and other conditions. The width of the trenches along the bottom should be:

- not less than (D+300) mm for pipelines with a diameter of up to 700 mm (see Fig. 4);

- 1.5D - for pipelines with a diameter of 700 mm or more (see Fig. 4), where D is the nominal diameter of the pipeline.

For pipelines with thermal insulation, as well as concrete-coated pipes, instead of the value D, the outer diameter of the pipeline coating (D) should be taken.

Fig.4. Profile of a trench being developed under normal conditions

3.3.5. In sections of horizontal curved inserts, the width of the trench along the bottom should be no less than twice the width of the trench developed in the adjacent straight sections (see Fig. 5).

Fig.5. Profile of the trench being developed at the angles of rotation from forced bending bends

3.3.6. In areas where the pipeline is ballasted with weights, the width of the trench along the bottom must be at least 2.2D (see Fig. 6).

Fig.6. Profile of the trench being developed with ballasting

3.3.7. In places of technological discontinuities for welding joints, pits should be developed with dimensions of at least: length 1.0 m, width (D+1.2) m, where D is the outer diameter of the pipeline taking into account the thickness of the coating, depth 0.7 m.

3.3.8. When the pipeline route passes in mountainous areas along steep longitudinal slopes, they must be leveled by cutting off the soil and reducing the angle of elevation. This work is carried out across the entire width of the right-of-way with bulldozers, which, cutting the soil, move from top to bottom and push it to the foot of the slope outside the construction strip. The trench should be dug not in bulk soil, but in continental soil. The construction of an embankment is possible only in the area of ​​passage of transport vehicles.

3.3.9. When constructing trenches in rocky soils in mountain conditions, before developing trenches the following must be completed:

- stripping operations;

- work on constructing approaches to the highway and roads along it;

- work on the installation of shelves that ensure the work of earth-moving and laying equipment on them.

3.3.10. The development of trenches on sections of the route with longitudinal slopes of up to 15°, if there are no transverse slopes, should be carried out with a single-bucket excavator without special preliminary measures. When working on longitudinal slopes from 15 to 36°, the excavator must be pre-anchored. The number of anchors and the method of their fastening should be determined by calculation in accordance with the work project.

3.3.11. On longitudinal slopes up to 22°, soil development with a single-bucket excavator is allowed in the direction both from bottom to top and from top to bottom along the slope.

In areas with a slope of more than 22°, it is allowed to work with a straight shovel only from top to bottom along the slope with the bucket forward as work progresses, and with a backhoe - only from top to bottom along the slope with the bucket back as work progresses.

The development of trenches on longitudinal slopes up to 36° in soils that do not require loosening should be carried out using single-bucket or rotary excavators; in pre-loosened soils - with single-bucket excavators.

The operation of rotary excavators is permitted on longitudinal slopes of up to 36° when moving from top to bottom. For slopes from 36° to 45°, excavator anchoring is used.

The work of single-bucket excavators with a longitudinal slope of over 22° and rotary excavators with a slope of over 45° must be carried out using special techniques in accordance with the work design.

3.4. Preparatory work

3.4.1. Before the start of work on the development of shelves (ledges), the stipulated technical specifications must be completed preparatory work, including:

- the construction site was accepted from the customer;

- geodetic layout of the trench was completed;

- a project for excavation works was developed;

- calculation of the stability of the excavator for sliding on a slope was carried out;

- a work order was issued to earthmoving machine operators to carry out work.

ORDER OF LENIN GLAVMOSSTROY AT THE MOSCOW CITY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

MOSORGSTROY

TECHNOLOGICAL MAP
FOR LAYING UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
IN TRENCHES WITH MOUNTINGS

Arch. No. 8809

MOSCOW - 1983

Technological map developed by the design and technological department of the Mosorgstroy trust (A.N. Abramovich, A.P. Smirnov), agreed upon with the Production Preparation Department of Glavmosstroy, NIIMosstroy. The technological map is recommended for implementation in the construction industry. Send comments and suggestions regarding the map to: 113095, B. Polyanka, 51 a, Mosorgstroy trust.

1. Scope of application

1.1. The technological map has been drawn up for the construction of underground communications (sewerage, water supply, drainage, etc.) in trenches with fastenings at Glavmosstroy facilities. 1.2. The technological map is intended for drawing up work projects and for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineers with the rules for carrying out work. 1.3. When linking the technological map to a specific object and construction conditions, the work flow diagrams, volumes of work, calculation of labor costs, and mechanization means are specified.

2. Construction process technology

2.1. When laying underground communications in trenches with fastenings, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP III -8-76 “Earth structures”, SNiP III -30-74 “Water supply, sewerage and heat supply. External networks and structures”, etc. 2.2. Laying underground communications in trenches with cantilever fastenings. Before starting work, the stability of the fastening of the trench walls must be checked and a certificate must be drawn up for the right to carry out work and allow workers into the trench. Before the start of work, all necessary materials and products (pipes, reinforced concrete wells, etc.) must be delivered to the construction site, and the necessary machinery and equipment must be delivered. The laying of pipes must be carried out in the following sequence: geodetic breakdown of the pipeline axis; preparing the base of the trench; pipe laying; installation of reinforced concrete wells; sealing pipe entries in wells; covering pipelines with soil; hydraulic testing of pipelines (if necessary); final filling of the trench; extraction of trench fastening elements from the ground (I-beams, metal pipes, Larsen sheet piles, etc.). Work organization diagrams are shown on the sheets 1 And 2 . 2.3. The laying of underground communications in trenches with spacer fasteners is carried out in the same sequence as indicated above, but with the following addition: the spacer fasteners that interfere with the installation of pipes are rearranged during the work. Work organization diagrams are shown on the sheets 3 And 4 . 2.4. Schemes for organizing work when laying plastic pipes in trenches with fasteners and connecting them for welding are shown on sheets 5, 6; 7. 2.5. Backfilling of trenches with laid pipelines should be carried out in two steps: 1) first, with soft soils (sandy, clayey, with the exception of hard clays, natural sand and gravel layers without large inclusions), the pits and sinuses are filled and lined simultaneously on both sides, and then the trench is filled with the specified soil 0.2 higher than the top of the pipes, ensuring the safety of pipes, joints and insulation; in this case, the soil is poured in layers and compacted with manual and mounted electric rammers; for pipelines made of ceramic, asbestos-cement and polyethylene pipes, the height of the soil backfill layer above the pipe should be 0.5 m; 2) subsequent backfilling of the trench is carried out after testing the pipelines with any soil without large inclusions (200 and > mm) using a mechanized method; At the same time, the safety of the pipes must be ensured. 2.6. Dismantling of the fastening elements of the trench walls is carried out in the direction from bottom to top as they are backfilled with soil. 2.7. After removing the metal pipes from the ground, fill the remaining wells with soil to their full height. 2.8. When working with plastic pipes, you must be guided by the requirements set out in the instructions SN 478-80 and the technological map “For the installation of sewerage from polyethylene pipes,” arch. No. 8355. 2.9. The width along the bottom of a trench with vertical walls without taking into account fastenings should be taken: for water supply and sewerage pipelines in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -8-76, clause 3.12; for two pipelines of heating networks (supply and return) with ductless installation in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -30-74, clause 2.4. 2.10. The laying of underground communications in trenches with fastenings is carried out by the composition of the unit given in the work schedule (Appendix 1). 2.11. Calculation of labor costs is given in Appendix 2. 2.12. Operational quality control of work on laying underground communications in trenches with fastenings is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -1-76 “Organization of construction production”, instructions SN-47-74, SN-478-80. The operational control scheme is given in Appendix 3. 2.13. When carrying out work, the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 “Safety in Construction” and the system of occupational safety standards (OSSS) must be strictly observed.

3. Technical and economic indicators

(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)

Labor costs, person-days - 32.68 Demand for machines, machine-cm. - 4.3 Cost of labor costs, rub. - 138.95 Labor costs per 1 m of laid pipeline, man-days. - 0.33 Cost of labor costs per 1 m of laid pipeline, rub. - 1.39

4. Material and technical resources

Requirement for basic materials and products

(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)

Requirement for basic machinery and equipment

Appendix 1

WORK SCHEDULE

Note. A link of workers is part of an integrated team for the construction of the zero cycle.

Appendix 2

CALCULATION OF LABOR COSTS

Justification (ENiR)	Name of work	Unit measured	Scope of work	Labor intensity		Price per unit. measured, rub.-kop.	Cost of labor costs for the entire scope of work, rubles-kopecks.
				per unit measured, person-hours or machine-hour	for the entire volume, person-days or mash.-see
§ 10-5, vol. 4, paragraph 3B; D	Laying reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 40, with preliminary preparation of the trench base using an installation crane
§ 10-27. paragraph 3, 4 B	Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 mm with sealing of pipe entries in the wells
§ 2-1-44, vol. 1, paragraph 2a	Filling the sinuses with sand to a height of 0.5 of the pipeline diameter and to a height of 0.2 m above the top of the pipeline manually
§ 2-4-21, vol. 2, paragraph 10B	Backfilling of the trench with soil using a bulldozer with dismantling of fastening elements (backfill boards)
§ 10-31, paragraph 2B

Appendix 3

OPERATIONAL CONTROL SCHEME

Name of operations subject to control	Work quality control
work producer (master)				involved services
Laying reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 400 with preliminary preparation of the trench base using an installation crane	Geodetic layout, planning, soil excavation and compaction, presence of external defects, quality of pipe connections using a socket, pipe alignment, fastening reliability	Theodolite, level; sights; tape measure, steel meter, visually	Before and during work	Geodetic
Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 with sealing of pipe entries in the wells	Correctness and reliability of slinging, well alignment, well base mark, installation reliability	Level, plumb line	During installation
Filling the sinuses with sand to a height of 0.5 of the pipeline diameter and to a height of 0.2 m above the top of the pipeline manually	Quality of sand and compaction, safety of pipes and joints	Visually, with a measuring ring	During and after completion of work	Construction laboratory, representative of the customer and operating organization
Backfilling of the trench with soil using a bulldozer with dismantling of fastening elements (backfill boards)	Soil quality, backfilling order, pipe safety, compaction quality

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 1

(when laying sewerage, drainage, water supply, etc.)

Legend:

1 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 2 - storage area for reinforced concrete wells; 3 - installation crane; 4 - pipe storage areas; 5 - container boxes for mortar (concrete); 6 - tool box; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pick-up from boards; 10 - temporary fence 110 cm high

Notes 1. Workers are allowed to enter the trench after checking the stability of the walls. 2. Dimensions are given in centimeters

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 2

Cantilever fastening of trench walls

Legend:

3 - installation crane; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pick-up from boards; 10 - temporary fencing; 11 - fence 100 cm high

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 3

(when laying sewerage, drainage, water supply, etc.)

Legend:

1 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 2 - storage areas for reinforced concrete wells; 3 - installation crane; 4 - pipe storage areas; 5 - spacers for fastening the trench walls; 6 - container boxes for concrete (mortar); 7 - tool box; 8 - pick-ups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts made of I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fence 110 cm high; 13 - laid reinforced concrete pipes;

Note: The admission of workers into the trench is permitted after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the trench walls.

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 4

Fastening trench walls with spacers

Legend:

3 - installation crane; 5 - spacers for fastening the trench walls; 8 - pick-ups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts made of I-beams; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fencing; 13 - reinforced concrete pipe; 14 - fencing of the crane work area with a height of 100 cm

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 5

(when laying communications from plastic pipes)

Cantilever fastening of trench walls

Legend:

1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 80; 2 - pick-ups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for welding; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - installation crane; 8 - car; 9 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 10 - plastic pipes welded into a braid; 11 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench

Notes . 1. The admission of workers into the trench is permitted after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the trench walls. 2. The trench must be fenced as shown on sheets 1 and 2. 3. Sections III - III, IV - IV are shown on sheets 6, 7.

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 6

Cantilever fastening of trench walls

Legend:

1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 2 - pick-ups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for welding pipes; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - installation crane; 8 - car; 9 - plastic pipes welded into a braid; 10 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench; 11 - temporary fencing of a trench with a height of 110 mm; 12 - base for moving the platform made of boards; 13 - fencing of the crane work area with a height of 100 cm

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 7

(when laying underground communications from plastic pipes)

ORDER OF LENIN GLAVMOSSTROY AT THE MOSCOW CITY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

MOSORGSTROY

TECHNOLOGICAL MAP
FOR LAYING UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
IN TRENCHES WITH MOUNTINGS

Arch. No. 8809

MOSCOW - 1983

The technological map was developed by the design and technological department of the Mosorgstroy trust (A.N. Abramovich, A.P. Smirnov), agreed with the Production Preparation Department of Glavmosstroy, NIIMosstroy.

Send comments and suggestions regarding the map to: 113095, B. Polyanka, 51 a, Mosorgstroy trust.

1. Scope of application

1.1. The technological map has been drawn up for the construction of underground communications (sewerage, water supply, drainage, etc.) in trenches with fastenings at Glavmosstroy facilities.

1.2. The technological map is intended for drawing up work projects and for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineers with the rules for carrying out work.

1.3. When linking the technological map to a specific object and construction conditions, the work flow diagrams, volumes of work, calculation of labor costs, and mechanization means are specified.

2. Construction process technology

2.1. When laying underground communications in trenches with fastenings, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP III-8-76 “Earth structures”, SNiP III-30-74 “Water supply, sewerage and heat supply. External networks and structures”, etc.

2.2. Laying underground communications in trenches with cantilever fastenings. Before starting work, the stability of the fastening of the trench walls must be checked and a certificate must be drawn up for the right to carry out work and allow workers into the trench.

Before the start of work, all necessary materials and products (pipes, reinforced concrete wells, etc.) must be delivered to the construction site, and the necessary machinery and equipment must be delivered.

Pipe laying must be done in the following sequence:

geodetic alignment of the pipeline axis;

preparing the base of the trench;

pipe laying;

installation of reinforced concrete wells;

sealing pipe entries in wells;

covering pipelines with soil;

hydraulic testing of pipelines (if necessary);

final filling of the trench;

extraction of trench fastening elements from the ground (I-beams, metal pipes, Larsen sheet piles, etc.).

Work organization diagrams are shown on sheets 1 and 2.

2.3. The laying of underground communications in trenches with spacer fasteners is carried out in the same sequence as indicated above, but with the following addition: the spacer fasteners that interfere with the installation of pipes are rearranged during the work.

Work organization diagrams are shown on sheets 3 and 4.

2.4. Schemes for organizing work when laying plastic pipes in trenches with fasteners and connecting them for welding are shown on sheets 5, 6; 7.

2.5. Backfilling trenches with laid pipelines should be done in two steps:

1) first, with soft soils (sandy, clayey, with the exception of hard clays, natural sand and gravel layers without large inclusions), the pits and sinuses are filled and lined simultaneously on both sides, and then the trench is filled with the specified soil 0.2 above the top of the pipes, ensuring the safety of the pipes , joints and insulation; in this case, the soil is poured in layers and compacted with manual and mounted electric rammers; for pipelines made of ceramic, asbestos-cement and polyethylene pipes, the height of the soil backfill layer above the pipe should be 0.5 m;

2) subsequent backfilling of the trench is carried out after testing the pipelines with any soil without large inclusions (200 and > mm) using a mechanized method; At the same time, the safety of the pipes must be ensured.

2.6. Dismantling of the fastening elements of the trench walls is carried out in the direction from bottom to top as they are backfilled with soil.

2.7. After removing the metal pipes from the ground, fill the remaining wells with soil to their full height.

2.8. When working with plastic pipes, you must follow the requirements set out in the instructions CH 478-80 and the technological map “For the installation of fecal sewerage from polyethylene pipes”, architect. No. 8355.

2.9. The width along the bottom of a trench with vertical walls, excluding fasteners, should be taken as follows:

for water supply and sewerage pipelines in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-8-76, clause 3.12;

for two pipelines of heating networks (supply and return) with ductless installation in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-30-74, clause 2.4.

2.10. The laying of underground communications in trenches with fastenings is carried out by the composition of the unit given in the work schedule (Appendix 1).

2.11. Calculation of labor costs is given in Appendix 2.

2.12. Operational quality control of work on laying underground communications in trenches with fastenings is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-1-76 “Organization of construction production”, instructions SN-47-74, SN-478-80.

The operational control scheme is given in Appendix 3.

2.13. When performing work, the requirements must be strictly observed SNiP III-4-80“Safety in Construction” and Occupational Safety Standards System (OSS).

3. Technical and economic indicators

(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)

Labor costs, person-days - 32.68

Demand for machines, machine see. - 4.3

Cost of labor costs, rub. - 138.95

Labor costs per 1 m of laid pipeline, man-days. - 0.33

Cost of labor costs per 1 m of laid pipeline, rub. - 1.39

4. Material and technical resources

Requirement for basic materials and products

(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)

Requirement for basic machinery and equipment

Appendix 1

WORK SCHEDULE

Note. A link of workers is part of an integrated team for the construction of the zero cycle.

Appendix 2

CALCULATION OF LABOR COSTS

Justification (ENiR)	Name of work	Unit measured	Scope of work	Labor intensity		Price per unit. measured, rub.-kop.	Cost of labor costs for the entire scope of work, rubles-kopecks.
				per unit measured, person-hours or machine-hour	for the entire volume, person-days or mash.-see
§ 10-5, vol. 4, paragraph 3B; D	Laying reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 40, with preliminary preparation of the trench base using an installation crane
§ 10-27. paragraph 3, 4 B	Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 mm with sealing of pipe entries in the wells
§ 2-1-44, vol. 1, paragraph 2a
§ 2-4-21, vol. 2, paragraph 10B	Backfilling of the trench with soil using a bulldozer with dismantling of fastening elements (backfill boards)
§ 10-31, paragraph 2B

Appendix 3

OPERATIONAL CONTROL SCHEME

Name of operations subject to control	Work quality control
work producer (master)				involved services
Laying reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 400 with preliminary preparation of the trench base using an installation crane	Geodetic layout, planning, soil excavation and compaction, presence of external defects, quality of pipe connections using a socket, pipe alignment, fastening reliability	Theodolite, level; sights; tape measure, steel meter, visually	Before and during work	Geodetic
Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 with sealing of pipe entries in the wells	Correctness and reliability of slinging, well alignment, well base mark, installation reliability	Level, plumb line	During installation
Filling the sinuses with sand to a height of 0.5 of the pipeline diameter and to a height of 0.2 m above the top of the pipeline manually	Quality of sand and compaction, safety of pipes and joints	Visually, with a measuring ring	During and after completion of work	Construction laboratory, representative of the customer and operating organization
Backfilling of the trench with soil using a bulldozer with dismantling of fastening elements (backfill boards)	Soil quality, backfilling order, pipe safety, compaction quality

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 1

(when laying sewerage, drainage, water supply, etc.)

Legend:

1 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 2 - storage area for reinforced concrete wells; 3 - installation crane; 4 - pipe storage areas; 5 - container boxes for mortar (concrete); 6 - tool box; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pick-up from boards; 10 - temporary fence 110 cm high

Notes

1. Workers are allowed to enter the trench after checking the stability of the walls.

2. Dimensions are given in centimeters

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 2

Cantilever fastening of trench walls

Legend:

3 - installation crane; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pick-up from boards; 10 - temporary fencing; 11 - fence 100 cm high

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 3

(when laying sewerage, drainage, water supply, etc.)

Legend:

1 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 2 - storage areas for reinforced concrete wells; 3 - installation crane; 4 - pipe storage areas; 5 - spacers for fastening the trench walls; 6 - container boxes for concrete (mortar); 7 - tool box; 8 - pick-ups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts made of I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fence 110 cm high; 13 - laid reinforced concrete pipes;

Note:

The admission of workers into the trench is permitted after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the trench walls.

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 4

Fastening trench walls with spacers

Legend:

3 - installation crane; 5 - spacers for fastening the trench walls; 8 - pick-ups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts made of I-beams; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fencing; 13 - reinforced concrete pipe; 14 - fencing of the crane work area with a height of 100 cm

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 5

(when laying communications from plastic pipes)

Cantilever fastening of trench walls

Legend:

1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 80; 2 - pick-ups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for welding; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - installation crane; 8 - car; 9 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 10 - plastic pipes welded into a braid; 11 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench

Notes

1. The admission of workers into the trench is permitted after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the trench walls.

2. The trench must be fenced as shown on sheets 1 and 2.

3. Sections III - III, IV - IV are shown on sheets 6, 7.

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 6

Cantilever fastening of trench walls

Legend:

1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 2 - pick-ups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for welding pipes; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - installation crane; 8 - car; 9 - plastic pipes welded into a braid; 10 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench; 11 - temporary fencing of a trench with a height of 110 mm; 12 - base for moving the platform made of boards; 13 - fencing of the crane work area with a height of 100 cm

WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 7

(when laying underground communications from plastic pipes)

Cantilever fastening of trench walls

For symbols, see sheets 5 and 6.

Technological map No.

for the development and filling of the trench

Technical map for trench development

1. APPLICATION AREA

• The technological map was developed for digging trenches with single-bucket excavators during major repairs of a main gas pipeline.
• Trench digging is carried out using Hitachi ZX-200LC-5G single-bucket excavators.”

1.3. The works covered by the map include:

• installation of excavators in the face, excavation of soil with placement in a dump;
• cleaning the bucket, moving the excavator during operation.

2.1. In the security zone of the existing main gas pipelines, excavation work must be carried out only upon receipt of a written “Permit to carry out work in the security zone of the main pipeline” from the operating organization. Carrying out work without a permit or with a permit that has expired is prohibited!

Without marking existing pipelines in the work area with additional signs, maintaining construction work not allowed.

At the intersections of pipelines, install “Boundary of manual excavation” markers (5 meter increments). When performing work, you should be guided by the requirements set out in the following regulatory documents:

• SP 36.13330.2012 Main pipelines;
• SP 86.13330.2014 Main pipelines. Rules for production and acceptance of work.
• SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction;
• VSN 004 -88 Construction of main pipelines. Technology and organization.
• STO Gazprom 2-2.3-231-2008 “Rules for the performance of work during major repairs of the inline part of main gas pipelines”;

• “Safety rules for the operation of main oil pipelines”;
• “Safety rules for the operation of main oil pipelines.”

2.2. Before starting work, the following work must be completed:

• preparatory work has been carried out (removing the fertile soil layer or clearing the route from forest vegetation);
• the trench axis was broken and fixed on the ground;
• The excavator was delivered to the work site.

• To develop a trench with an excavator while moving the excavator's axle and along the edge of the trench.

2.4 The soil removed from the trench is placed in a dump on one side no closer than 0.5 m from the edge of the trench.

• The trench is developed using single-bucket excavators of the Hitachi ZX-200LC-5G type, and is opened on both sides below the forming pipe, at least 1 m.

• A trench in rocky soils is developed as follows:

– preliminary loosening with a heavy bulldozer type Komatsu 353 with a ripper;

– soil development using a Hitachi ZX-200LC-5G hydraulic excavator equipped with a bucket for developing rocky soils.

• The transverse profile and dimensions of the trench being developed are shown in the figure. To avoid damage to the pipeline, the minimum distance between the pipe wall and the bucket of a working excavator must be at least 0.2 m.
• When operating a single-bucket excavator on straight sections along the direction of its movement, install poles 3 m high every 50-80 m, and pegs between them every 5 m. In curved areas, within a curve, along the width of the tracks or along the width of the trench, pegs should be installed on both sides every 2-5 m.
• The width of the trench along the bottom in straight sections is

where D is the diameter of the pipeline; K is the size of the bucket, in curved sections where pipelines are installed from bent bends, the width of the trench should be equal to twice the width of the trench in straight sections, in sections of pipeline ballasting - 2.2 DN.

The steepness of the trench slopes is given in Table No. 1. Table 1

Note. When layering various types soil slope steepness for all layers is assigned according to the weakest type of soil.

• The soil placement diagram is presented in the work organization diagram.
• When carrying out work in water-saturated soils of the pipeline, you should start from low places for draining and pumping out water.
• Digging a trench is performed by a 6th grade excavator driver and a 5th grade assistant driver. The development of the trench is carried out in the following composition:

Team composition:

Table 2

No.	Profession	Discharge	Number of people	Note
1	2	3	4	5
1	Excavator driver	6	3
2	Bulldozer driver	5	1
3	Driver DES-75	5	1
4	Undermining machine operator	5	1	When removing soil from under the pipe body when developing a trench
5	Helper worker	3	3	When filling the bottom of the trench
	TOTAL:		9

The need for mechanisms, equipment and devices is shown in Table 3. Table 3

3.1. Quality control when digging trenches is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

– SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, bases and foundations;

– SP 36.13330.2012 Main pipelines;

• VSN 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of work. Part I, P.

Operational quality control is carried out directly by performers, foremen, foremen or special controllers(surveyors).

Technical criteria for controlled processes and operations, controls and performers are given in Table 4.

Table 4

Name of processes subject to control	Subject of control	Control tool	Control time	Responsible controller
Layout of the trench axis	Deviation of the alignment axis from the design one	Theodolite	Before the start	Surveyor	The deviation of the actual trench axis from the design one should be no more than 50 mm per 1 km of route
Digging a trench	Width of the trench along the bottom	Measuring tape, theodolite, template	Periodically	Surveyor Master	Permissible deviation of half the width of the trench in relation to the alignment axis: 20 cm -5 cm
	Trench depth	Measuring rod	Same	Master	Compliance with the project
	Marking the bottom of the trench in straight sections	Level	Periodically (every 50 m)	Master Surveyor	Permissible deviation of the actual elevation of the trench bottom from the design one: – 10 cm
	Marking the bottom of the trench on the vertical curves	Level	Periodically (every 10 m)	Surveyor Master	Permissible deviation of the actual elevation of the trench bottom from the design one

	out of elastic bending				-10cm
	Bottom mark trenches on vertical forced	Level	Periodically (every 2 m)	Master Surveyor	Acceptable deviation of actual trench bottom marks from design
	Slope steepness	Templates	Selectively	Master	Compliance with the project
	Condition of the trench bottom	Visually	Selectively	Master	A smooth surface of the trench bottom without ridges or collapsed pound.

1. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

4.1. When digging a trench, you must follow the safety rules
sti set out in the following regulatory documents:

• SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
• SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction; Part 2 Construction production;
• RD 102-011-89. Labor protection. Organizational and methodological documents;

Safety regulations for the construction of main steel pipelines (VNIIST, Ministry of Neftegazstroy) Collection of instructions and safety recommendations for builders of oil and gas industry facilities.

• Digging a trench near the location of underground communications should only be done after obtaining written permission from the organization operating these communications.
• Near existing underground communications, excavation of the soil by machinery should be stopped at a distance of at least two meters from the underground communications, and in the immediate vicinity (0.5), excavation of the soil is allowed only with a shovel without the use of impact tools (crowbar, pickaxe, pneumatic tool, etc.)
• To lower and lift workers into the trench, it is necessary to use inventory ladders.
• To avoid the collapse of the trench walls, the edge of the soil dump should be located at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the edge of the trench.
• The personnel servicing the machine must study it well, have a driving license, regularly inspect it, troubleshoot problems in a timely manner, and perform preventive repairs.
• It is prohibited for unauthorized persons not directly related to its operation to be on the machine while it is running.
• To avoid damage to existing power lines during construction, security zones are installed on both sides of the outermost wires according to the table

Table 5

The operation of machines in the security zone of power lines is permitted when the voltage is completely removed. The driver must be issued a permit issued accordingly.

4.10 Boundaries of areas where there is a risk of injury electric shock, regulate those presented in table. 5 distances from unfenced, uninsulated parts of an electrical installation (electrical equipment, cables, wires) or from the vertical plane formed by the projection onto the ground of the nearest energized overhead power line wire.

Table 6

4.11 Movement construction machines and mechanisms under power lines is permissible only if the machine has a height from the road or ground level of no more than 5.0 meters when traveling on highways and 3.5 meters when traveling on graded country roads and without roads.

• During breaks in work (regardless of the reasons and duration), move the excavator boom away from the face and lower the bucket to the ground. The bucket can only be cleaned after lowering it to the ground and setting the brake.
• It is prohibited to be in the danger zone of a working excavator, equal to the maximum reach of the bucket plus 5.0 meters.
• When moving the excavator under its own power, the bucket must be raised to a height of no more than 0.7 meters above ground level and securely secured against swinging, and the boom must be installed and secured along the axis of the excavator.
• The operation of earth-moving mechanisms on terrain with a transverse slope of more than 8° is prohibited.
• On longitudinal slopes up to 22° inclusive, operation of a single-bucket excavator is allowed without anchoring; on longitudinal slopes up to 22° inclusive, digging trenches with a single-bucket excavator is allowed in the direction both from bottom to top and from top to bottom along the slope; on slopes of more than 22° - from top to bottom.

On slopes greater than 22°, excavators should be supported by movable anchors.

4.17. When working on a digging machine, before starting work, the driver must
believe:

• technical condition of the machine;
• availability and serviceability of fire safety equipment;
• power cable for external damage;

– grounding of a mobile power station.

…………….

Technological map for backfilling a trench

1. APPLICATION AREA

1.1. The technological map has been developed for backfilling a majorly repaired main gas pipeline.

• The technological map assumes filling the trench with non-frozen soils of natural moisture and moving them over a distance of up to 5.0 m with a bulldozer and excavator.
• Work is carried out in summer period in one day shift lasting 8 hours in flat and slightly rugged terrain.
• The works covered by the map include:

• bringing the excavator into working position;
• Sprinkling the gas pipeline with soft soil;
• bringing the bulldozer into working position;
• moving soil with filling the trench;
• compaction (ramming) of soil with a beveldozer;
• returning the bulldozer to its original position empty;

1. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION
2. 1. Backfilling of the gas pipeline should be carried out in accordance with the requirements:

• STO Gazprom 2-2.1-249-2008 “Main gas pipelines”;
• SP 48.13330.2011. Organization of construction;
• SP 86.13330.2014 Main pipelines. Rules for production and acceptance of work;
• VSN004-88. Construction of main pipelines. Technology and organization of work;
• VSN 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines.

2.2 Before starting work on backfilling a trench with a laid pipeline, it is necessary to:

• check design position pipeline;
• check the integrity of the insulating coating;
• carry out work to protect the insulating coating from mechanical damage;
• obtain written permission from the customer to backfill the laid pipeline and a work order for the work.

• The pipeline is backfilled immediately after the insulation and laying work.

First, the gas pipeline is filled with an excavator, then the pipeline is backfilled with a bulldozer along the entire length of the route. If the construction strip is wide enough, the soil from the dump is moved by a bulldozer across the trench axis in straight passes. In cramped conditions of a construction site, it is advisable to move the soil with a bulldozer at an angle of 45°-60° to the axis of the trench using oblique-transverse and oblique-cross passages.

The most effective is a combined method of backfilling, which involves a double pass of a bulldozer: at the beginning an oblique transverse one, and then a straight transverse one.

The flow diagram for backfilling the laid pipeline is shown in Fig. 1.

• In curved sections, backfilling begins from the middle of the curve towards its ends.
• In areas with vertical curves (in ravines, gullies, on hills, etc.), backfilling should be done from both sides from top to bottom.
• Excess soil remaining after backfilling the pipeline is leveled in the form of a trapezoidal bead with an overlap of at least 0.5 meters in each direction from the edge of the trench.
• Throughout the entire length of the trench, backfilling is carried out in layers of 40-50 cm with thorough compaction of the soil with rollers or several passes of a bulldozer.
• Where the trench intersects with underground utilities, backfilling should be done with soft soil in layers of no more than 10 cm, carefully compacting the soil.
• The filling of the trench with a bulldozer is performed by a 6th category driver.
• In order to protect the insulating coating of the pipeline, it is necessary to sprinkle it to a height of at least 0.2 m from the top of the pipe with imported or soft soil loosened mechanically.

1. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

3.1 Technological operational quality control of backfilling a pipeline laid in a trench is carried out during the work process and consists of systematic monitoring of the compliance of the work performed with the detailed design and compliance with the requirements of current regulatory documents:

• SP 36.13330.2012. Main pipelines;
• SP 48.13330.2011 Organization of construction;
• SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, bases and foundations;
• SP 86.13330.2014 Main pipelines. Rules for production and acceptance of work;
• VSN 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of work;
• SP 104-34-96. Set of rules for the construction of main gas pipelines. Excavation works.

3.2 Operational quality control of trench backfilling should include:

• quality control of backfilled soil;
• checking the thickness of the backfilled layer and the height of the roller.

3.3 During the performance of work by the customer’s representative and the work manufacturer in
In accordance with the requirements of VSN 012-88 (Part II), an act for backfilling (embanking) the laid pipeline is drawn up in form No. 3.6.

Technical criteria for controlled processes and operations, controls and performers are given in Table 1.

Table 1

Name processes, subject to control	Subject of control	Tool and control	Control time	Responsible controller	Technical criteria for quality assessment
Backfill	Soil and backfill quality	Visually	Periodically (every 50.0 m)	Master	Unacceptable: the presence of voids under the pipeline and in the sinuses of the backfilled trench, the presence of lumps larger than 5.0 cm in size, crushed stone, coarse gravel and other large inclusions in the backfilled pound
	Thickness of the backfilled layer and height of the roller	Visually Measuring ruler Measuring probe	Periodically (every 50.0 m)	Master	The thickness of the backfilled layer must correspond to the project. Permissible deviations +20 mm

1. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

4.1 When backfilling a pipeline laid in a trench, you must follow the safety rules set out in the following regulatory documents:

– SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

– SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

– RD 102-011-89. Occupational safety. Organizational and methodological documents.

• Collection of instructions and safety recommendations for builders of oil and gas industry facilities;
• Safety rules for the construction of steel main pipelines.

4.2 Before starting work on backfilling the trench, the person responsible for carrying out the work is obliged to brief the drivers, issue him a work permit, a work plan, show on-site the boundaries of the mechanism, the location of existing pipelines, cables and other underground communications.

4.3 Personnel servicing the machine must have a driving license, regularly inspect the machine and promptly eliminate detected faults, and perform preventive repairs.

• It is prohibited for unauthorized persons to be in the work area.
• The driver does not have the right to transfer control of the machine to another person without permission from the person responsible for operating the machine.
• The vehicle must not be left unattended while the engine is running. If you need to park the machine on a slope, you should turn off the engine of the machine, brake, lower the blade to the ground, and place stops under the tracks.
• The vehicle cabin must be kept clean.
• When two bulldozers are operating simultaneously, an interval of at least 5.0 m should be maintained between them.
• Before leaving the machine, the driver must place all levers in neutral and turn off all drives.

4.10 You cannot operate a bulldozer within the prism of soil collapse, or push the bulldozer blade beyond the edge of the trench.

• The operation of a bulldozer on terrain with a longitudinal slope of more than 36° is prohibited.
• It is prohibited to repair, clean, adjust or lubricate the bulldozer while the engine is running.
• To clean the bulldozer blade, you must stop the machine and lower the blade to the ground.
• Particular care must be taken when working in areas where power lines pass.

To avoid damage to existing power lines during construction, security zones are installed on both sides of the outermost wires according to Table 2.

Table 2

It is allowed to operate the machine in the security zone of power lines when the voltage is completely removed. The driver must be issued a permit issued accordingly.

4.15 The boundaries of zones in which there is a danger of electric shock are regulated as presented in table. 3 distances from unfenced, uninsulated parts of the electrical installation (electrical equipment, cable, wire) or from the vertical plane formed by the projection onto the ground of the nearest energized overhead power line wire.

Voltage, kV	Distance, m
		Minimum change
		ryable
Up to 20	2,0	2,0
over 20 to 35	2,0	2,0
over 35 to 110	3,0	4,0
over 110 to 220	4,0	5,0
over 220 to 400	5,0	7,0
over 400 to 750	9,0	10,0
over 750 to 1150	10,0	11,0

4.16 If it is impossible to relieve the voltage, work in the security zone of the power line is permitted with the written permission of the organization operating the line, a work permit and under the constant supervision of a responsible person appointed from the engineering and technical staff

• When driving under an energized power line, the working parts of the machine must be in the transport position.
• The movement of construction vehicles and mechanisms under power lines is allowed if the vehicle has a height from the road or ground level of no more than 5.0 meters when traveling on highways and 3.5 m when traveling on grader and country roads and without roads.

1. BRIGADE COMPOSITION

5.1 When filling with a bulldozer:

5.2 When backfilling with a single-bucket excavator:

1. LIST OF MACHINES, MECHANISMS AND EQUIPMENT

6.1 When filling with a bulldozer:

6.2. When performing backfilling with a single-bucket excavator.