During the war years, the vast majority of people worked under incredible strain - both physical and mental. More and more complex problems constantly arose that required immediate solutions. These solutions, as a rule, were found.

It was often difficult to name the author of a technical solution. Thoughts surfaced like sparks of a flame raging in people, running from one to another, complementing and enriching one another. It was precisely this collective search that most often led to brilliant results.

...In the armored hull of the tank there was one small, but important detail with a long narrow slit called the “sighting slit”. Through it, using a system of mirrors, the driver could view the area. The machining of this part was very difficult. It was necessary to first drill out the high-strength steel, and then carefully process the inner surface of the crack with a long, specially shaped cutter called a “finger” cutter. Before the war, this cutter was manufactured by the Moscow Frezer plant and even then belonged to the category of a scarce tool. And then a new difficulty arose: “Frezer” was evacuated from Moscow, and at the new location had not yet had time to install all the equipment and set up production.

We only had two finger cutters at our factory, and one of them was essentially unusable.

Tank hulls cannot be manufactured without a part with a “sighting slit”. This was obvious to everyone. How can this be?

Engineers and craftsmen were gathered. They began to consult. Getting finger cutters from other factories was a hopeless task. Consequently, we either had to make them ourselves, or come up with some kind of new technology manufacturing a part with a “sighting slit” - without machining.

There was a long and heated discussion on this topic. And suddenly someone spoke out in favor of trying to cast these parts. If you make precise molds and try to improve the casting technique, then perhaps you will be able to meet the given dimensions. The idea was witty and captivated everyone. In fact, if it were possible to cast parts together with a slit, this would immediately solve many complex issues.

There were excellent foundry workers at the plant. Should I consult them? Or maybe we should contact the neighboring Zlatoust plant and, in cooperation with it, try to organize the production of finger cutters ourselves? Which will be faster and more reliable? The danger looming over the country prompted quick action. There was no time left for doubt and hesitation.

We decided to cast parts with a “sighting slit”, just cast them!

And the very first cast parts showed that the chosen path was real. But will they stand up to field testing? The quality of any armor products was checked in addition to the usual ones for metal products methods even by shelling them at the training ground. Field testing was final. If the parts withstood the shelling, they were accepted.

Several cast parts were immediately sent to the testing site. The test site was located near the plant. The parts were shot according to all established rules. The results are excellent!

This means that finger cutters are no longer needed. Everyone became cheerful, as if everyone’s boring toothache had immediately stopped.

...At that time I talked almost every day with V.A. Malyshev, who was the People's Commissar of the tank industry. He was located not far from us - in Sverdlovsk. Either I called him and asked for this or that help, then he asked me about things at the plant, giving advice and instructions. Of course, I informed him about the difficulties with the tool, and in particular about the impossibility of getting finger cutters.

And so, when the cast parts with the “sighting slit” passed the test, I called Malyshev and told him how we got out of the difficult situation.

I kindly ask you to immediately send all the technical documentation and a couple of these cast parts,” he said. - Send it today! Or maybe you’ll come yourself. We also have a lot of new products. Academician Evgeniy Oskarovich Paton does such miracles in armor welding! Come and see for yourself!

Fine. I'll leave at night and be with you in the morning.

At that time, the experience of one plant was immediately transferred to another, and this incredibly speeded up production processes.

...And from the front there were constantly various kinds of requests and information about which parts of the tank should be improved or changed. Tanks for repair also began to arrive. Once, while carefully examining one such tank that had arrived from the front, we saw on the bottom, near the driver’s seat, a soldier’s medal “For Courage.” A small stain of blood was caked on the ribbon. Everyone standing near the tank, as if on command, took off their hats and silently looked at the medal. Everyone's faces were solemnly stern.

The senior foreman for mechanical processing of parts, Zverev, said with some anguish:

Now, if I had been shot through and through now, then, it seems, it would have been easier. Shame burns everyone from the inside, and you just think that you’re not doing everything that’s necessary.

But I must say that I saw Zverev at the machines both day and night. His head with fiery red hair, like a torch, blazed first at one end of the workshop, then at the other. When there were missing details somewhere and he saw me, he invariably came up and said:

No details again! Instead of working like this, it’s better to go to the front!

And now he is in front of me again. The rays of the sun fell on his head, and it seemed as if it was burning.

This is what happens - you walk next to a person and don’t see anything special in him, and suddenly you find out that he is completely filled with an inner fire that burns brightly in him, igniting others.

It was a time when for the vast majority of people neither encouragement nor coercion was required - they were aware of their duty and their responsibility.

Another time we received a message that the Germans had found in our tanks weak point- the joint between the tower and the hull. The specially printed German instructions with a sketch of our tank even indicated that you should shoot exactly at the junction of the turret and the hull. With an accurate hit, the projectile jammed the turret and it could not rotate.

It was necessary to quickly eliminate this weak point. I don’t remember who was the first to come up with the idea of ​​how to eliminate this drawback. The proposal was surprisingly simple. Specially shaped armor parts were attached to the tank hull in front of the turret, allowing the turret to rotate and at the same time completely eliminating the possibility of it jamming.

Immediately, all hulls began to be produced with these additional parts, and we sent kits of parts to the front for installation on combat vehicles.

And how many such proposals there were! We made it a rule after the end of one shift and before the start of another to hold short meetings of engineers and foremen and consider all the difficulties and obstacles that existed, as well as measures to eliminate them. Here attention was drawn to new difficulties. Everything was subordinated to one goal: how to speed up production, how to better use equipment, tools and materials.

I involuntarily compared these short ten-minute meetings with the same meetings that I had to hold here in Chelyabinsk before the war - five or six years ago. And then there were many valuable proposals expressed by engineers, craftsmen, and workers. But there were also unrealistic proposals related to the need to install new equipment, or even additional construction. During the war, people learned to think more sensibly. Everyone understood that it was necessary to make the most of available opportunities and not divert attention to unfeasible projects.

...In one of the bays of the forging and stamping shop there was an inactive small press. For what purpose it was installed here, no one at the plant even remembered. All stamped parts were produced on horizontal presses, but this one was vertical.

Once I saw one of the master stampers near him. He was measuring something and, apparently, counting. I approached him and asked what he was “whispering” and pretending to be here.

Yes, for the second day now I’ve been wondering whether it’s possible to stamp the 23rd part on this press. You know how the entire production is delayed precisely because of this detail. Every day at meetings we only talk about her.

At this time, the workshop manager came up to us and, having heard our conversation, said with irritation:

Have you, Ivan Maksimovich, gone completely crazy? I would like to know how you will supply blanks here for stamping? They won't pass! You need to think before starting this whole conversation.

“And that’s what I think,” the master answered calmly. - I’ve been thinking about it for two days now. I measure and count. And now I responsibly declare: you can stamp parts on this press! Of course, something needs to change. These allowances need to be moved for sampling to another place, and the master showed what should be moved and where. - Otherwise, of course, you won’t be able to stamp the 23rd part on this press, but if you move it, then you can. So you, comrade commanders, coordinate this issue with the military representative. And I'm with the department technical control I already said that they have no objections. And I was in the laboratory too - they agree, they say that it makes no difference in which place the sample is taken - here or there. After all, when the sampling location was established, it was assumed that this part would be produced on horizontal presses, and therefore they determined it, and, in my opinion, there were no other considerations.

I listened to this ingenuous speech of an ordinary master and was amazed at the logic of his thinking, technical competence and efficiency. How people have changed!

We are two people with higher education, engineers, listened to him and agreed.

At the end of the week, the press was put into operation, and scarce parts began to be produced on it. Another production bottleneck has been eliminated. But how many similar proposals arose then!

06.12.2014 22:09:00

70 years have passed since important historical events took place in the Chernsky district.
1943... More than a year has passed since the day when the Chernsky region was liberated from the Nazi invaders, but the front line is not far away, preparations are underway for the Oryol-Kursk operation. All forces are aimed at fighting the enemy. The Chernyans performed their military duty; those who remained in the rear spared no effort on the labor front. Residents of the Chernsky district helped build fortifications in the neighboring Oryol region and cared for the wounded in hospitals.
Our fellow countrymen did not forget about those who fought on the front line. Children and youth prepared gifts for the soldiers of the Red Army: they sewed pouches, handkerchiefs, towels, knitted warm mittens and socks. They packed the parcels with letter paper, pencils, needles, threads, and food.
And the adults collected cash for the construction of tanks and aircraft for the front. In April 1943, a telegram came to Chern from the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, I.V. Stalin: “To the Secretary of the Chernsky District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of the Tula Region, Comrade. Naryshkin, Chairman of the District Council of Working People's Deputies comrade. Kukushkina. Give the workers of the Chernsky district, who collected 1,605,000 rubles for the construction of the Tula Collective Farmer tank column and 201,000 rubles for the construction of combat aircraft... my fraternal greetings and gratitude to the Red Army. I. Stalin."
In July 1943, in the Chernsky district, the formation of the 3rd Guards Tank Army of P. S. Rybalko ended. The army headquarters was located in the village. Yorgino, on July 10, the marshal was met here Soviet Union G. K. Zhukova.
In August 1943, writers B. Pasternak, K. Simonov, K. Fedin, A. Serafimovich stopped in Cherni on the way to the front. The house in which the writers spent the night has survived to this day, but has lost its former appearance (Revolyutsionnaya St., 1).
Until August 1943, 101 collective farms were evacuated due to the proximity of the front, and no work was carried out on them. Upon returning to their places, rural workers with unprecedented tenacity began to develop arable lands; in many artels, collective farmers dug up deposits and fields with shovels and sowed them. A lot of effort had to be spent on restoring public livestock farming, because after liberation from the Nazis, only 9 heads of public livestock remained in the area.
Residential buildings were being restored in the area, public buildings, schools, outbuildings on collective and state farms; Agricultural work was carried out in fields and farms. Despite the difficult military situation, the Chernyans directed all their efforts towards organizing a peaceful life: there was no doubt that victory was just around the corner. Construction of new schools and renovation of surviving schools was carried out, new desks were made, school life. In Cherni, advanced training courses were organized for teachers in the district. In addition to lessons, children participated in circle work and amateur art activities. During the holidays, schoolchildren were active helpers in the fields, vegetable gardens, farms, participated in stacking, collecting spikelets, planting trees, collecting medicinal herbs and many other works.
The district authorities paid a lot of attention to organizing the work of outpatient clinics and baths and preventing severe infectious diseases among the population.
Thus, through joint efforts, adults and children, soldiers and collective farmers, teachers and doctors, with their hard work, heroic deeds, faith and hope, brought the day of the Great Victory closer.
Natalya ZAYTSEVA

How did it begin Emelyanov Vasily Semenovich

Front and rear are united

Front and rear are united

During the war years, the vast majority of people worked under incredible strain - both physical and mental. More and more complex problems constantly arose that required immediate solutions. These solutions, as a rule, were found.

It was often difficult to name the author of a technical solution. Thoughts surfaced like sparks of a flame raging in people, running from one to another, complementing and enriching one another. It was precisely this collective search that most often led to brilliant results.

...In the armored hull of the tank there was one small but important part with a long narrow slit, called the “sight”. Through it, using a system of mirrors, the driver could view the area. The machining of this part was very difficult. It was necessary to first drill out the high-strength steel, and then carefully process the inner surface of the crack with a long, specially shaped cutter called a “finger” cutter. Before the war, this cutter was manufactured by the Moscow Frezer plant and even then belonged to the category of a scarce tool. And then a new difficulty arose: “Frezer” was evacuated from Moscow, and at the new location had not yet had time to install all the equipment and set up production.

We only had two finger cutters at our factory, and one of them was essentially unusable.

Tank hulls cannot be manufactured without a part with a “sighting slit”. This was obvious to everyone. How can this be?

Engineers and craftsmen were gathered. They began to consult. Getting finger cutters from other factories was a hopeless task. Consequently, we either had to make them ourselves, or come up with some new technology for manufacturing a part with a “sighting slit” - without machining.

There was a long and heated discussion on this topic. And suddenly someone spoke out in favor of trying to cast these parts. If you make precise molds and try to improve the casting technique, then perhaps you will be able to meet the given dimensions. The idea was witty and captivated everyone. In fact, if it were possible to cast parts together with a slit, this would immediately solve many complex issues.

There were excellent foundry workers at the plant. Should I consult them? Or maybe we should contact the neighboring Zlatoust plant and, in cooperation with it, try to organize the production of finger cutters ourselves? Which will be faster and more reliable? The danger looming over the country prompted quick action. There was no time left for doubt and hesitation.

We decided to cast parts with a “sighting slit”, just cast them!

And the very first cast parts showed that the chosen path was real. But will they stand up to field testing? The quality of any armored products was checked, in addition to the usual methods for metal products, by firing at them at the training ground. Field testing was final. If the parts withstood the shelling, they were accepted.

Several cast parts were immediately sent to the testing site. The test site was located near the plant. The parts were shot according to all established rules. The results are excellent!

This means that finger cutters are no longer needed. Everyone became cheerful, as if everyone’s boring toothache had immediately stopped.

...At that time I talked almost every day with V.A. Malyshev, who was the People's Commissar of the tank industry. He was located not far from us - in Sverdlovsk. Either I called him and asked for this or that help, then he asked me about things at the plant, giving advice and instructions. Of course, I informed him about the difficulties with the tool, and in particular about the impossibility of getting finger cutters.

And so, when the cast parts with the “sighting slit” passed the test, I called Malyshev and told him how we got out of the difficult situation.

I kindly ask you to immediately send all the technical documentation and a couple of these cast parts,” he said. - Send it today! Or maybe you’ll come yourself. We also have a lot of new products. Academician Evgeniy Oskarovich Paton does such miracles in armor welding! Come and see for yourself!

Fine. I'll leave at night and be with you in the morning.

At that time, the experience of one plant was immediately transferred to another, and this incredibly speeded up production processes.

...And from the front there were constantly various kinds of requests and information about which parts of the tank should be improved or changed. Tanks for repair also began to arrive. Once, while carefully examining one such tank that had arrived from the front, we saw on the bottom, near the driver’s seat, a soldier’s medal “For Courage.” A small stain of blood was caked on the ribbon. Everyone standing near the tank, as if on command, took off their hats and silently looked at the medal. Everyone's faces were solemnly stern.

The senior foreman for mechanical processing of parts, Zverev, said with some anguish:

Now, if I had been shot through and through now, then, it seems, it would have been easier. Shame burns everyone from the inside, and you just think that you’re not doing everything that’s necessary.

But I must say that I saw Zverev at the machines both day and night. His head with fiery red hair, like a torch, blazed first at one end of the workshop, then at the other. When there were missing details somewhere and he saw me, he invariably came up and said:

No details again! Instead of working like this, it’s better to go to the front!

And now he is in front of me again. The rays of the sun fell on his head, and it seemed as if it was burning.

This is what happens - you walk next to a person and don’t see anything special in him, and suddenly you find out that he is completely filled with an inner fire that burns brightly in him, igniting others.

It was a time when for the vast majority of people neither encouragement nor coercion was required - they were aware of their duty and their responsibility.

Another time we received a message that the Germans had discovered a weak point in our tanks - the joint between the turret and the hull. The specially printed German instructions with a sketch of our tank even indicated that you should shoot exactly at the junction of the turret and the hull. With an accurate hit, the projectile jammed the turret and it could not rotate.

It was necessary to quickly eliminate this weak point. I don’t remember who was the first to come up with the idea of ​​how to eliminate this drawback. The proposal was surprisingly simple. Specially shaped armor parts were attached to the tank hull in front of the turret, allowing the turret to rotate and at the same time completely eliminating the possibility of it jamming.

Immediately, all hulls began to be produced with these additional parts, and we sent kits of parts to the front for installation on combat vehicles.

And how many such proposals there were! We made it a rule after the end of one shift and before the start of another to hold short meetings of engineers and foremen and consider all the difficulties and obstacles that existed, as well as measures to eliminate them. Here attention was drawn to new difficulties. Everything was subordinated to one goal: how to speed up production, how to better use equipment, tools and materials.

I involuntarily compared these short ten-minute meetings with the same meetings that I had to hold here in Chelyabinsk before the war - five or six years ago. And then there were many valuable proposals expressed by engineers, craftsmen, and workers. But there were also unrealistic proposals related to the need to install new equipment, or even additional construction. During the war, people learned to think more sensibly. Everyone understood that it was necessary to make the most of available opportunities and not divert attention to unfeasible projects.

...In one of the bays of the forging and stamping shop there was an inactive small press. For what purpose it was installed here, no one at the plant even remembered. All stamped parts were produced on horizontal presses, but this one was vertical.

Once I saw one of the master stampers near him. He was measuring something and, apparently, counting. I approached him and asked what he was “whispering” and pretending to be here.

Yes, for the second day now I’ve been wondering whether it’s possible to stamp the 23rd part on this press. You know how the entire production is delayed precisely because of this detail. Every day at meetings we only talk about her.

At this time, the workshop manager came up to us and, having heard our conversation, said with irritation:

Have you, Ivan Maksimovich, gone completely crazy? I would like to know how you will supply blanks here for stamping? They won't pass! You need to think before starting this whole conversation.

“And that’s what I think,” the master answered calmly. - I’ve been thinking about it for two days now. I measure and count. And now I responsibly declare: you can stamp parts on this press! Of course, something needs to change. These allowances need to be moved for sampling to another place, and the master showed what should be moved and where. - Otherwise, of course, you won’t be able to stamp the 23rd part on this press, but if you move it, then you can. So you, comrade commanders, coordinate this issue with the military representative. I already spoke with the technical control department, they have no objections. And I was in the laboratory too - they agree, they say that it makes no difference in which place the sample is taken - here or there. After all, when the sampling location was established, it was assumed that this part would be produced on horizontal presses, and therefore they determined it, and, in my opinion, there were no other considerations.

I listened to this ingenuous speech of an ordinary master and was amazed at the logic of his thinking, technical competence and efficiency. How people have changed!

We, two people with higher education, engineers, listened to him and agreed.

At the end of the week, the press was put into operation, and scarce parts began to be produced on it. Another production bottleneck has been eliminated. But how many similar proposals arose then!

From the book GRU Spetsnaz: Fifty years of history, twenty years of war... author Kozlov Sergey Vladislavovich

The people and the Army are united! Needless to say, the population of the Tsumadinsky, Botlikhsky and Novolaksky districts did not support the actions of the interventionists. Moreover, for the first time in the post-war years, at the request of the population, a people’s militia was created, which is actively

From the book The Soldier's Path author Malinovsky Boris Nikolaevich

To the front! The whole next day we loaded howitzers, tractors, vehicles and boxes of shells onto railway platforms. I was appointed commander of the reconnaissance section of the division control platoon instead of a sergeant transferred to the newly formed unit. To everyone leaving

From the book My Profession author Obraztsov Sergey

To the front In the very first days of the war, together with the entire theater staff, I began work on a special anti-fascist program for front-line brigades, but in the fact that this work would be needed, really needed without any reservations, then I did not feel completely

From the book Flaming Sky author Stepanenko Ivan Nikiforovich

To the front After the solemn meeting - straight to the cars. Our group - up to thirty young pilots - is going to the South-Western Front, to our unit. True, no one yet knows the number of this unit, and not everyone knows the route. We are heading north for now. In the group with me I.

From the book Tupolev author Bodrikhin Nikolay Georgievich

Rear and front All 1418 days of the Great Patriotic War on aircraft created under the leadership of A. N. Tupolev, crews of Air Force and Air Force units fought Navy Red Army. Military, transport, and civilian Tupolev vehicles were used in battles and operations. On

From the book Bogdan Khmelnitsky author Zamlinsky Vladimir Alexandrovich

CHAPTER FOUR “WE WILL ALWAYS BE UNITED IN OUR AFFAIRS”

From the book Soldiers of Mercy author Butkevich Lyubov Alekseevna

TO THE FRONT! The Kirov district military registration and enlistment office in Perm is crowded and noisy. Today there are more girls here than ever - my future comrades. One after another they called our names, inviting us to talk with our parents to the military commissar. The young lieutenant, opening the office door, clearly

From the book Accomplice of the Epoch: Leonid Leonov author Prilepin Zakhar

Front During the war years, Leonov works in a way that he did not work either in 1936, or in 1938, or in 1940. Despite the fact that after receiving the Stalin Prize and thanks to the endless productions of “Invasion”, this was no longer so necessary. And it’s not just the number of texts that he managed

From the book Courage Begins author Kozhevnikov Anatoly Leonidovich

To the front... Wheat is ripening in the Don steppes. The heated air trembles and shimmers in waves. I want to be in the shade, near the water. But the training squadron, despite it being a Sunday, was at the airfield from dawn. Before the admission committee arrives, you need to complete your preparations.

From the book Stone Belt, 1985 author Grossman Mark Solomonovich

ESSAY AND PUBLISHING Front and rear are united

From the book Geniuses of the Renaissance [Collection of articles] author Biographies and memoirs Team of authors --

From the book “Down with Shame!” Sexual International and the Land of Soviets author Greig Olga Ivanovna

History 11. The people and the party are united! Forced labor –

From the book Where it began author Emelyanov Vasily Semenovich

The front and the rear are united During the war years, the vast majority of people worked under incredible stress - both physical and mental. More and more complex problems constantly arose that required immediate solutions. These solutions, as a rule, were found. It was often difficult

From the book Serving the Motherland. Pilot's stories author Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich

5. TO THE FRONT! Finally the sky over the airfield cleared. We're leaving today! The commander says a parting word, and our unit quickly leaves the airfield. We are flying to the places from which we were evacuated. At one of the intermediate airfields there were several planes with

From the book DAUGHTER author Tolstaya Alexandra Lvovna

TO THE FRONT! I lived my little interests, had fun, worked with peasants to transfer land to them and organize cooperatives; I tried to help them, with the help of an agronomist, improve their field farming, and gradually the peasants introduced multiple fields and began to sow clover.

From the book by Victor Rozov. Witness of the century author Kozhemyako Viktor Stefanovich

THE PRINCIPLES IN HIS LIFE AND WORK WERE THE SAME V.K.: We now need to talk in more detail about the work of Viktor Sergeevich. And let’s still dwell on “Her Friends” - that play of his, which, as they say, was the first to see the light of the stage. You said: almost

Lesson outline.

1. Class 11 Lesson date

2 . Lesson No. 5 in thematic module 5 (TM name) Introduction. USSR on the eve and during the Great Patriotic War

3. Lesson topic: The front and rear are united.

(The price of victory. The role of the USSR in the Second World War. Soviet military art. Culture during the war: contribution to victory. Russian Orthodox Church during the war years. Women and children during the war).

4 . Lesson type : S-O, K-R

5. Goals and objectives of the lesson :

teach to determine the significance of Soviet art and its role in the victory over fascism;

develop search skills, summarize and systematize the studied material, draw conclusions and conclusions;

to promote the formation of one’s own position and responsible behavior in modern society.

6. Formed UUD :

Subject: to develop knowledge about the price of victory, about the role of the USSR in World War II, about Soviet military art, about culture during the war, about the contribution to the Victory, about the Russian Orthodox Church during the war, about women and children during the war

Metasubject.

Cognitive: be able to search and identify the necessary information from various historical sources; define concepts, create generalizations.

Regulatory: choose actions in accordance with the task; take your own position in problematic issues

Communicative: be able to pose questions and seek help from educational literature, be able to communicate in a group and a large team.

Personal: understanding the social and moral experience of previous generations, the ability to determine one’s position and responsible behavior in modern society.

7. Planned methods, techniques, technologies:

Teacher's story with elements of conversation. Working with a textbook and reference literature. Work in groups. Presentation and viewing of presentations with elements of individual performances, “playing chess”, test tasks.

Technologies.

Health-saving, gradual formation of mental actions, differentiated approach to learning, research activities, pedagogy of cooperation, student-centered learning, information and communication

8. Key definitions, dates, personalities

Metropolitan Sergius, A.V. Alexandrov, A.A. Deineka, A.T. Tvardovsky, V.S. Grossman, K.I. Shulzhenko, L.A. Ruslanova, A.N. Vertinsky.

Russian Orthodox Church, Baptists, Armenian-Gregorian Church, emigrants.

9. Homework :

Individual messages “Features of post-war reconstruction work in the USSR”, “Famine of 1946-1947 in the USSR”.

Lesson script

Organizational moment(2 min)

Teacher's word

Good afternoon

I am glad to welcome you all to the talk show “Through the Pages of History.” Upon entering our hall, you received tickets, according to which you took your seats.

So, experts will take part in our meeting: on issues of the Orthodox Church, Igor and Ivan.

Experts on emigrant issues Lyudmila and Elizaveta.

Experts in cultural studies and fine arts Victoria, Yana, Ivan and Bogdan.

Music experts Yana and Diana

Literary expert Anna.

And also an expert in the field of cultural history Egor.

And of course our viewers. During our event, viewers can take part in voting on issues discussed during our meeting.

2 Update background knowledge. (12 min)

Teacher's word.

“The chess has been set, the game will begin tomorrow.” And our game will begin now.

I ask one representative from each group to come to the table (drawing lots). We will only have 10 minutes to play. So try to give as many answers as possible.

Who owns these words? (Napoleon, before the Battle of Borodino)

In what work of Russian literature does this phrase sound? (“War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy)

What kind of melody is playing in our hall? (The Viennese Waltz by I. Strauss is playing)

When did the Great Patriotic War begin?

What was the nature of the Great Patriotic War?

The Chairman of the USSR Defense Committee was...

What was the name of the plan to attack the USSR?

Who carried out the first air rams of the war? (D.V. Kokorev, L.G. Butelin, I.I. Ivanov)

The operation to capture Moscow was called ("Typhoon")

How many days did the Battle of Moscow last? (203)

The siege of Leningrad continued (872 days)

They called it the road of life (the road across Lake Ladoga)

What was the name of the German plan to misinform the Soviet command in order to launch an offensive in the Caucasus? (“Kremlin”)

Order No. 227 went down in history under the name (Not a step back)

What did the order “Not a step back!” mean? Twice heroes of the Soviet Union were commanders of partisan formations (S.A. Kovpak and A.F. Fedorov.)

The plan to defeat the Germans at Stalingrad was called (Uranus)

A plan was developed to defeat the Germans at Stalingrad (G.K. Zhukov and A.V. Vasilevsky).

Which German commander was captured during the Battle of Stalingrad? (Field Marshal F. Paulus)

Where did the largest tank battle of the Second World War take place? (Near Prokhorovka)

During which battle did the Soviet troops manage to get ahead of the enemy how many minutes earlier to attack him (near the Kursk Bulge)

When did the Tehran Conference take place (November–December 1943)

What issues were considered at the Tehran Conference?

After the completion of which operation did Soviet troops enter Polish territory? (Bagration)

21. Who was the Soviet representative at the Yalta Conference? (I.V. Stalin)

Who planted the flag over the reystag (M.A. Egorov and M.V. Kantaria)

The act of unconditional surrender of Germany was accepted (G.K. Zhukov)

Why is May 9 declared Victory Day? (the remnants of the German army in Czechoslovakia capitulated).

And so the game was played. The team won......

Motivation. (3 -5 min)

The theme of the talk show is “Front and rear are united.”

The question you have to answer is: “Did the art of war contribute to the unification of Soviet society in the fight against the enemy?”

Our action plan looks like this

Compatriots abroad.

Literature and cinema during the war years.

Music during the war years.

fine arts during the war years.

Chronicle of cultural losses.

Set goals that you will need to achieve by the end of our game.

Compare them with the game's objectives on the screen.

Slide number 11

Learning new material

Work in groups of experts and spectators.

Speeches by experts. After each expert vote on the issue.

The Orthodox Church during the war.

Compatriots abroad. .(5 min)

Literature and cinema during the war years..(5 min)

Poem performed by Valeria.

4. Music during the war years. (5 min)

Song performed by Danil.

Fine art during the war (10 min)

Drawing from the soul.

Our collage has almost opened. One last performance left.

Chronicle of cultural losses. (5 min)

On the board is a fully opened collage “Front and rear are united”

Lesson summary. Reflection.

I suggest you answer our main question.

“Did the art of war contribute to the unification of Soviet society in the fight against the enemy?”

Students' answers.

History must be remembered. Then she will not present unexpected surprises. Therefore, I suggest you complete test tasks.

Full name _________________________________________________________________

Tests

1. Officially the church activities were:

A. allowed;

B. prohibited;

V. acted from abroad.

2. The church was engaged in:

A. providing assistance to those in need;

B. construction of new monasteries and churches;

V. was engaged in patriotic education.

3. Russian emigrants:

A. joined the ranks of the Resistance movement;

B. did not support the USSR;

V. was supported by the USSR.

4.The song became a symbol of popular resistance:

A. “Holy War”;

B. "Katyusha";

B. “Dark Night.”

5. Which of the writers was our fellow countryman:

A. A. P. Gaidar;

B.V.S. Grossman;

V. A. T Tvardovsky.

6. The monumental panel “Defense of Sevastopol” belongs to the brush:

A. A, A. Plastova;

B.A.A. Deineke;

V.I.M. Toidze.

7. One of important features The Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War was:

A. unity of the people;

B. struggle for national advantages;

B. fight against unnecessary nations.

8. Art during the war years:

A. was actively developing;

B. was not needed by anyone;

V. fell into decay.

9.During the war years the following were destroyed:

A. Palace ensembles of Peterhof;

B. Catherine Palace;

V. museum L.N. Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana;

G. Eiffel Tower;

D. Twin Tower;

E. Alexandria Palace.

Assessment.

Assessment card F.I. student

For work in class:

Experts (assessment)

Viewers (estimate)

Test work (assessment)

Homework.

Study the materials in paragraph 23, answer the questions p. 44-45.

Composing an essay “Soviet man at war: the historical roots of heroism.”

Individual messages (presentations, research) “Features of post-war reconstruction work in the USSR”, “Famine of 1946-1947 in the USSR”.