Legal aspects, equipment selection, assortment formation, premises requirements, production processes, sales Full financial calculations.

* The calculations use average data for Russia

10,000,000 ₽

Minimum starting capital

127,500 RUR

Net profit

25%

Profitability

Business selling timber is considered very profitable direction, the demand for wood almost never decreases, and therefore the seller always has the opportunity to earn a lot of money. Wood needed a huge number enterprises, the simplest examples are construction organizations and furniture manufacturing companies. Of course, there may be seasonal fluctuations, but an entrepreneur whose business is developed and has regular customers very rarely turns out to be unprofitable.

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However, it is necessary to understand that a considerable number of people want to engage in this area, which means it can be difficult to get a plot of forest for use, but the vast majority of forest plantations belong to the state, and only the authorities can decide to whom to give this or that piece of land for use. There are some other problems in this business, for example, there is a stereotype according to which this business is criminalized even in our time, which increases the risks of an entrepreneur.

Organizing a timber sales business

First of all, you need to register as a subject entrepreneurial activity. However, only if timber trade will take place not only on the territory of Russia, then you need to contact the Ministry of Industry and Trade, where a license for customs clearance cargo, which includes lumber, timber and similar goods.

At all international trade in this direction is a rather complicated direction, since a license is issued only for certain types of wood, for specific volumes, and also for a limited period, but you need to understand that here to a greater extent It is not national legislation that applies, but local legislation, so it makes sense to immediately seek help from a lawyer. However, when working only in Russia, there are also conditions. Namely, at the moment, an entrepreneur does not have the right to acquire ownership of a forest plot to exploit it as a source of timber; today, all enterprises involved in this area lease plots from the state, however, the term of this lease can be up to 49 years.

This is precisely the first and, perhaps, main difficulty in organizing this business - obtaining a site for work. True, it is worth noting that in lately The government is considering the possibility of selling forest plots to entrepreneurs for logging, but if such a law is adopted, it is not yet known under what conditions. On the other hand, even if you rent a plot of land, you can count on a normal profit.

Registration of a timber sales enterprise

Let's look at this in a little more detail. So, after registration, an entrepreneur has the right to participate in auctions, which, as a rule, are held by local forestry departments (for example, the Ministry of Forestry desired area). The entrepreneur himself can find a suitable place for him and submit a request for a plot, but it is far from a fact that the authorities will be interested in his proposal; and even if the site is actually ready to be rented out, an auction will still be scheduled for it.

At the very first stage, the first difficulty arises - not only entrepreneurs who are going to fell the forest have the right to receive part of the forest, but also those who are going to use it for other purposes. For example, the authorities are especially favorable towards those businessmen who intend to use the forest as a recreational area. Moreover, special requirements are imposed on bidders - the user is obliged not only to exploit the land provided to him, but also to care for and maintain the forest. In our case, this is an obligation, after felling trees, to restore the integrity of the forest with new plantings, which, after they have grown, can be used as a source of wood; it’s a kind of continuous cycle, and the authorities are interested in ensuring that it is continuous, and not that the entrepreneur is left with bare terrain.

Moreover, the entrepreneur still needs to choose a site depending on own capabilities and simple convenience - for obvious reasons, those areas of the forest that are not located in the thicket are most valued. Also an important factor in the choice is the availability of valuable wood species, although, of course, there is a demand for almost all trees (some because of their quality, others because of their cheapness).

The cost of a plot depends on all these factors, as well as on the density of plantings - for example, a sparse forest will cost several times less than a dense one, which, in general, is natural. There are also local peculiarities - in some region you may be lucky to get a plot of land for rent for a relatively favorable conditions, and somewhere you will have to pay a lot of money every year. The bureaucratic red tape is very serious here too - auctions are held state enterprises, can be processed and take a very long time, so you need to have several months in reserve. Moreover, it is not always possible to immediately win one or another auction; there are always enough people willing, and the authorities themselves can make very serious demands - that is, they would rather refuse all auction participants than issue permission to at least someone. In different regions, depending on politics and climate characteristics, the price can change several times, but most often it is determined not by the size of the plot, but by the density of plantings.

And tree species. But if we try to bring everything to average figures, we will get about 15-20 thousand rubles per hectare per year. Let us repeat - this is a very, very rough calculation, since it is quite possible to find offers for 5 thousand rubles, and for 50 thousand (and sometimes even more). In general, here every entrepreneur preliminarily assesses the potential of the leased plot (the density of trees and their quality are checked). There are proposals for relatively small plots (up to one hectare), and for plots of considerable size, on which you can work for a very long time (more than 10 hectares).

When a location has been found and the entrepreneur has successfully won the auction, you can begin organizing your enterprise. Within the framework of this article, only timber trade will be considered, but not the production of lumber or other products; in other words, this business includes the felling of trees and the subsequent sale of the resulting materials, but not their processing. In order to be able to fully carry out the work process, the entrepreneur needs to have a territory for placing equipment and work complexes. Usually, on the site that is leased, there is free space suitable for erecting buildings.

Ready ideas for your business

So, you will need an administrative building, not necessarily a capital one, as well as at least two warehouses for storing products. The cost of building a warehouse depends on many parameters, but in our case we do not need high-class premises; it is not profitable to pay for an A+ category warehouse. You can get by with a simple indoor room, in which the wood storage standards are simply met (in terms of humidity, first of all). In general, the cost of one square meter of the building under construction will cost the entrepreneur between 5 and 10 thousand. The size of the warehouse is determined depending on the planned amount of timber received, but still it is rarely less than 500 square meters. The first warehouse usually delivers freshly felled timber, the second – already slightly processed wood (that is, “clean” tree trunks, free of branches).

Next you need to buy everything necessary equipment for work at the enterprise. In addition to simple devices such as chainsaws, you will also need to purchase machines for felling and transporting trees. This includes so-called skidders and trucks for transporting freshly cut wood. Although in cases where warehouses are equipped directly at the logging site, no additional transportation is required, because the tractor can immediately place them in the warehouse. Additional equipment is purchased for the tractor - namely trailers, hydraulic manipulators, grabs, buckets and forks. Normal foreign equipment costs from 5 million rubles (this means not only the tractor, but also all the devices for it in total). A truck can be purchased for an amount starting from 1 million rubles.

Features of finding employees for timber sales

The next step in organizing a business is finding employees to carry out the work. The entrepreneur himself can be a leader. At the same time, you need to understand that sometimes you have to equip something like a village for employees, where they can constantly stay (and this is an additional considerable expense).

Ready ideas for your business

Here you will still need an amount of several hundred thousand rubles - depending on what conditions are provided to them. But it’s still worth first of all considering the possibility of attracting employees who can attend work close to home. Such workers receive a lot - their level wages starts from 30 thousand rubles, usually 40 thousand rubles, can reach up to 50 thousand. It must be said that forest fellers get paid depending on their output, that is, they won’t have to pay extra money. The boss (if he is solely involved in monitoring activities) and transport drivers receive at least the same amount.

An average enterprise employs 10 or more people, so the average amount that will need to be allocated for wages starts from 400 thousand rubles per month. At the same time, all other business processes that are not related to the organization’s profit making can be outsourced. Additionally, you should contact insurance company, which can insure the life and health of employees - the cost of annual insurance starts from 15 thousand rubles per person, rates vary depending on the conditions of insurance payment.

Sales and Marketing in the Timber Business

The next step in organizing your business is finding buyers for your forest. There are many sites on the Internet that allow you to post your commercial offers. Also, an entrepreneur can simply do what he will visit on his own potential clients, offering them your product. On the websites of many companies that are constantly in need of wood, there are purchase requests, and it is relatively easy to find partners and consumers.

Of course, you will have to work with companies all over the country (and those who have received a license can also work with foreign companies; Russian forest, by the way, is very much valued). But most buyers work according to a system that involves self-pickup, that is, the entrepreneur does not have to organize delivery using his own transport. But, of course, you need to understand that demand may vary depending on the type of wood, as well as its quality, and if you are unlucky enough to get a plot of land from which you can extract bad material, then it is quite likely that customers refuse wood. But hiring a specialist before renting a site should solve this problem.

Registration legal entity– 20 thousand rubles.

Rent of 10 hectares of forest – 200 thousand rubles.

Construction of warehouses with an area of ​​500 m2 - 3.75 million rubles.

Purchase of a skidding tractor and truck, equipment – ​​6 million rubles.

Salary – 400 thousand rubles.

Insurance – 150 thousand rubles.

Fuel and consumables – from 50 thousand rubles.

It turns out to be a little more than 10 and a half million rubles. Monthly expenses range from 450 thousand rubles. The cost of timber differs depending on the type (deciduous and coniferous are the species that almost all entrepreneurs in Russia deal with), but if we take some average figure, then one cubic meter costs about 2 thousand rubles.

There is, of course, cheap wood, which is sold for less than 1 thousand rubles for the same volume, and some good breeds can cost more than 5 thousand. If we take the volume of monthly sales equal to 300 cubic meters of wood at a price of 2 thousand per cubic meter, then we get 600 thousand rubles of income and 150 thousand operating profit. 127.5 thousand – net profit. But still, such a business is not very profitable (about 25%), because a significant part of the income goes to cover expenses, which include paying wages (usually the largest figure per month), purchasing consumables, payment of rent, and the project itself is always designed for several years in advance.

Now you can plant trees using the Leto Bank website and ATMs

December 4, 2014, Moscow - Leto Bank, a bank of the VTB Group, and Maraquia.com initiated the world's first project with which it is possible to remotely plant trees in Russian national parks. The companies announced plans to set a joint record of planting 1 million trees.

Leto Bank announces the launch of a full-scale annual tree planting campaign. Based on the Maraquia.com IT platform, the ability to plant forests was integrated into the website and all Leto Bank ATMs. Thus, a map of Russia is available via the link, on which you can select any site you like and the number of trees that is a multiple of ten, name the forest after your name and pay for the purchase by non-cash method. At ATMs, you can pay for your purchase using your account balance or by depositing cash into the device. The cost of planting ten trees on the website and at ATMs is on average 300 rubles.

We have created the world's first service that allows ordinary people plant real forests in a few clicks via the Internet, and foresters can restore areas where the forest died,” comments Alexander Platonov, founder and general manager Maraquia.com. - Over nine months of operation, the service helped restore territories in ten national parks in Russia, which amounts to over 100 thousand trees. This summer, Russian President Vladimir Putin used our service and planted more than 6 thousand trees in the Meshchera National Park.

“Leto Bank is the first company in the world to large-scale support the initiative of a Russian start-up for remote tree planting,” comments Ekaterina Livenskaya, director of public relations at Leto Bank. - At the very short term We managed to develop a unique technological solution that will allow us to restore 1 million trees in the country next year, which, according to our calculations, is the length of the equator and will provide oxygen to a city the size of St. Petersburg for 1 year.

Russia, being the world leader in forest area, at the same time is ahead of other countries in the rate of forest loss, comments Vladimir Semyonov, executive director of the Russian Environmental Chamber. - The reduction of forests is due to intensive - including illegal - logging, as well as numerous forest fires. According to Greenpeace, in the summer of 2010, according to preliminary estimates, more than 8 million hectares of forest burned in Russia. The unique project of Leto Bank and Maraquia.com is a promising initiative that allows us to systematically solve the environmental problem.

• Step-by-step action plan
• Where to start a business?
• Tax system
• Permissions to open
• • • • Similar business ideas:

Do you want to know why the business of growing coniferous tree seedlings is considered extremely profitable? And here are just a few interesting facts.

The advantage of starting a business growing coniferous tree seedlings

• A 2-year-old Christmas tree seedling costs only 5 rubles to purchase. After 5 years, such seedlings are bought for 100 rubles per piece, in unlimited quantities for the New Year.
• Seedlings of large coniferous trees are in slightly less demand, but show even greater profitability. For example, blue spruce rises in price in 5 years from 55 to 1000 rubles, and cedar - from 20 rubles. up to 3000 rub.

However, you can not grow ready-made seedlings (which is expensive), but directly grow seedlings from seeds. So 1 kg of spruce seeds costs about 5,000 rubles. About 60 kg or 300,000 rubles are required per hectare. From such a field, in just 2 years you can get approximately 2 million strong seedlings, which are sold at an average of 3 rubles per piece. That is, your income will be no less than 6 million rubles!

How much money do you need to start a business growing coniferous tree seedlings?

1. Purchase of land or long-term lease. Here's how you agree. In some remote populated areas In the Russian outback, land is very cheap. A plot of 1 hectare can be purchased for 200 - 400 thousand rubles. And no more is needed. The further from the city, the less they steal.
2. Plowing and milling of land - 60 thousand rubles/ha
3. The salary of workers for landing is 45 thousand rubles.
4. Watering - 10 thousand rubles. (20 flights for 500 rub.)

General costs, including purchase of land and planting material will amount to 600 - 800 thousand rubles. In two years you will receive “dirty” income: 6,000,000 - 800,000 = 5,200,000 rubles. From it you need to subtract advertising expenses, the salary of the sales manager (phone operator), as well as the salary of the laborer for digging up seedlings. And even taking into account these expenses, the net profit will be at least 4,000,00 rubles. How do you like this arrangement? A reasonable question: why is there not much competition in this business, since everything is so good on paper? The fact is that we are used to making money here and now, but in this business, in order to get the coveted profit, you will have to wait several years. However, 2 years is not such a long time. Many types of businesses take much longer to pay off. On business forums, some advise first trying to sell ready-made seedlings from other farms and only then opening your own nursery. Because sales, that is, sales, are the most important thing in this matter. Although in fact, the sale of mature seedlings does not present any great difficulties. Today, all you have to do is go online, post information on bulletin boards and forums, and you can already receive your first orders. Another recently widespread sales option is participation in government tenders. The same forestry enterprises actively purchase seedlings through tenders. And, surprisingly, there is constant demand, and in some regions it even exceeds supply.

Recommendations for purchasing and growing seedlings

1. It is more advisable to purchase seedlings in the same region (climatic zone) where your nursery will be located. The likelihood that the trees will “take root” and grow quickly is much higher.
2. When purchasing, carefully ensure that the supplier and his logistics do not contribute to the drying out of the roots of the seedlings.
3. You should not take large seedlings for planting - they take root less well and their price is higher.
4. Observe seasonality when planting seedlings in the nursery. For example, it is recommended to plant cedar in the fall, not in the spring.

If capital to start a business is sharply limited, there are several ways to save:

1. You don’t have to buy a plot of land, but take it for a long-term lease, for only 5 - 15 thousand rubles. per year.
2. Eat good way save on the purchase of coniferous seeds. To do this, you can, for example, organize the collection of cones and their subsequent drying. In this case, for 1 hectare of sown area it is necessary to collect about 6 tons of cones. Only three people can easily cope with such a task in a month. Each person's salary is 15 thousand rubles. The dryer will cost about 40 thousand rubles, plus rent of premises for the drying shop. In total, the total costs will be about 100 thousand rubles, and not 300 thousand, as in the calculations above.

Step-by-step action plan

Due to the fact that coniferous trees and shrubs use in great demand from private owners country houses and summer cottages, as well as their cost and rather insignificant expenses, the business of growing coniferous crops is a profitable business.

Where to start a business?

1. Compose detailed business- plan, taking into account all cost items. Calculate the income that can be received and how long it will take to pay off all expenses.

2. Select organizational legal form enterprise: individual entrepreneur or LLC, register it. Also submit documents to the tax authorities and the Fund social insurance, Pension Fund.

1. Purchase a plot of land or enter into a long-term lease agreement with an area of ​​1 to 10 hectares.
2. Select staff, initially you will need 3-4 people.
3. You can buy seeds from specialized nurseries or collect them yourself, but this will take time and you will need to purchase a dryer.
4. To grow seedlings, build a greenhouse or several.
5. For grown seedlings, make beds and plant them.
6. In the first two years, take good care of the plants: weeding and good watering, pest control, fertilization.
7. To sell seedlings, conduct a wide advertising campaign, submit applications to forestries, actively participate in tenders for the purchase of seedlings.

How to choose equipment for growing conifers

By this business no additional equipment is required. Building materials for the greenhouse are required: polycarbonate to cover the greenhouse, the frame is best made from a square profile made of galvanized steel, the foundation of the greenhouse is made of brick, or concrete is poured. You also need to take care of heating the greenhouses. When planting seedlings, you can use a planting machine, but the best and most reliable method is to use a shovel. To weed beds with seedlings, hoes, hoes, and rippers are used.

Which OKVED code should I indicate for registration purposes?

OKVED 2 Section A: agriculture, forestry, fishing and fish farming. OKVED 2 01 Plant and animal husbandry, hunting and the provision of related services in these areas. OKVED 2 01.3 Growing seedlings OKVED 2 01.30 Growing seedlings

What documents are needed to open

This business will require a standard package of documents related to the cultivation of seedlings and wholesale - retail trade. It is necessary to register a business entity: this can be individual entrepreneur, or a limited liability company. Prepared documents must be submitted to the authorities state power or in multifunctional centers public services(MFC). If planned wholesale seedlings, it is recommended to open a bank account.

Tax system

This business relates to the production of agricultural products, therefore a taxation system for agricultural producers, the so-called single agricultural tax, is applied. (ESKHN). The main condition of this tax is that the revenue from the sale of these products is at least 70% of the total revenue, and also that the enterprise must be engaged in the production of agricultural products, and not in their sale. The Unified Agricultural Tax is calculated as follows: StxB, where St is the tax rate, B is the tax base. The tax rate is 6%, and the tax base is calculated from income received in the reporting period, minus expenses.

Permissions to open

This type of activity does not require special work permits. It is necessary to register the enterprise with government authorities, register with tax office as an agricultural producer, purchase land or enter into a lease agreement, hire employees.

Technology of growing coniferous seedlings

1. Purchase seed material or collect seeds yourself. When using the second method, you need to purchase a seed dryer. Mold should not be allowed to appear on the seeds, as this is detrimental to the plants.

2. Sow seeds in a greenhouse, observing thermal conditions and soil moisture. 3. Sprouted seedlings must be planted in prepared beds. The land is first plowed, especially if it is virgin land, and fertilizers are applied. 4. During the growing period, conifers are watered abundantly, weeds are pulled, fertilizers are applied and the plants are treated against pests. 5. Conifers take from 2 to 4 years to grow, depending on the tree species. How older tree, the more expensive it can be sold. 6. They are actively selling conifers. Based on materials from the business forum “biznet.ru”. Topic - Business on coniferous seedlings, author "Mozzart", nursery "Yubileiny".

Today it is no surprise to anyone that a considerable part of citizens in our country strive to found own business. This is due to the fact that no one wants to depend on the state salary, which does not always and not everywhere allow one to provide their family with everything they need.

If you decide to follow the path of an independent entrepreneur, then the main problem may be choosing the direction of your own entrepreneurial activity.

Many people prefer to deal with food products; others follow the path of organizing private veterinary clinics or clothing stores.

But in both of these cases, the problem lies in the intense occupation of these areas of activity. The competition there is such that without ample financial influence and strong business acumen, a budding entrepreneur will have virtually no chance.

Therefore, it would be wise to look for those areas of activity that are practically not occupied by anyone in our country.

Growing seedlings

For example, we advise you to pay attention to our business plan. Growing seedlings will be our main activity. This business is extremely attractive because it does not require any serious expenses. Of course, in our country there are many specialized nurseries, but they production capacity do not cover the ever-increasing needs.

Which trees and shrubs are valued more?

It will not be news that varietal seedlings are more valued. It is readily purchased even by those same nurseries that do not always have the means to purchase varietal seedlings from official suppliers. The latter have always been known for their immoderation in setting prices.

Of course, even this business has its drawbacks. The main negative factor for an entrepreneur is its strict seasonality. Simply put, peak sales occur in the fall and spring. In the depths of winter, for some reason, no one is interested in fruit tree seedlings.

Therefore, entrepreneurs, unlike the nurseries mentioned above, prefer to deal only with the most unpretentious and popular plants. So, you will always have regular customers by selling apple, pear, gooseberry, raspberry and currant seedlings. Most often, novice entrepreneurs focus on just such a business plan. Growing seedlings of seed crops is much more labor-intensive, and therefore not so widespread.

Currently, propagation of fruit trees using scions is common, and shrubs are divided using shoots.

Brief information about the technology

So, cuttings of the same currant or gooseberry are dug into the ground until the root system forms, after which they are transferred to greenhouses, where they are regularly watered and treated against pests. With the beginning of spring, seed material of proper quality is distributed en masse among gardeners.

Thus, if you have a heated greenhouse and several bushes of varietal garden shrubs on your site, the amount of initial investment will be simply ridiculous. This is the ideal business plan for beginners. We will consider growing seedlings in more complex cases in the next part of our article.

How to grow seed crops?

If you have any experience in garden fruit growing, growing pears, apple trees and similar crops looks much more promising.

Since this is done by grafting existing seedlings, in this case you will have to spend a lot of money on their initial cultivation. We will consider the general technology of growing seedlings.

The easiest way to grow suitable rootstocks is from the seeds of wild apple and pear trees. In this case, the cultivated variety that will be grafted onto them will acquire excellent resistance to domestic cold and local pests.

Thus, you will have to collect seeds. This is done in the fall, as sources seed material Fruits that are well-ripened and already beginning to rot are used.

They are crushed by hand, taking care not to damage the seeds. Then they are thoroughly washed in running water and dried in a room with natural ventilation. If the seeds are overdried, then growing seedlings will be impossible.

Important! During the drying process, mold should not be allowed to form under any circumstances, as it will easily destroy all the seeds and leave you without profit for the next year. To do this, the material must be periodically turned over to promote better ventilation and drying.

Sowing and cultivation

In the spring or before the first autumn frosts, the seeds are planted in the soil, and sowing is done at the rate of one seed per square meter of area. If autumn sowing is planned, then in the middle of winter the seed material is placed in a box with sawdust, where it is stored until planting.

The room temperature cannot exceed 5 degrees Celsius. In general, growing tree seedlings requires the availability of a sufficient number of premises and containers for seeds, so you need to worry about all this in advance.

After a week of such exposure, the substrate is watered with cool water (the sawdust should become slightly damp), after which the box is transferred to basement and kept at a temperature just above zero. After the snow melts, the seeds are planted in the soil.

Vaccination procedure

Before the first winter, young seedlings are covered with sawdust or other covering material. They are vaccinated next year. If the procedure was successful, then by the fall the finished plants can begin to be sold. It is best to start selling in early September.

Thus, this business plan (growing pome seedlings) requires more costs. And you can start selling only from the second year of work.

Cost of finished seedlings

So what kind of financial reward will you get after working hard with cultivation? Relax: profits promise to be good. One (!) two-year-old seedling good grade costs at least 700 rubles. Imagine how much money you can make when fruit tree seedlings sell like hot cakes! By the way, the price for apple trees three to four years old starts from 4-5 thousand, so the prospects for such a business are very attractive.